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Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Ameliorates Endothelial Activation and Thrombotic Diathesis Biomarkers in a Murine Model of Hind Limb Ischemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092303. [PMID: 36140404 PMCID: PMC9496113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies in peripheral arterial disease, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) administration, might result in anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this study, we used 10-week-old male ApoE−/− mice, which were fed an atherosclerosis-inducing diet for four weeks. At the end of the four weeks, hind limb ischemia was induced through left femoral artery ligation, the atherosclerosis-inducing diet was discontinued, and a normal diet was initiated. Mice were then randomized into a control group (intramuscular 0.4 mL normal saline 0.9% for 7 days) and a group in which GCSF was administrated intramuscularly in the left hind limb for 7 days (100 mg/kg). In the GCSF group, but not in the control group, we observed significant reductions in the soluble adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1)), sE-Selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 when they were measured through ELISA on the 1st and the 28th days after hind limb ischemia induction. Therefore, GCSF administration in an atherosclerotic mouse model of hind limb ischemia led to decreases in the biomarkers associated with endothelial activation and thrombosis. These findings warrant further validation in future preclinical studies.
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Huang CT, Wen YT, Desai TD, Tsai RK. Intravitreal Injection of Long-Acting Pegylated Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Provides Neuroprotective Effects via Antioxidant Response in a Rat Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1934. [PMID: 34943037 PMCID: PMC8750325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) may cause severe visual loss following direct or indirect head trauma which may result in optic nerve injuries and therefore contribute to the subsequent loss of retinal ganglion cells by inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) provides the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions but has a short half-life and also induces leukocytosis upon typical systemic administration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the anti-oxidative response and neuroprotective effects of long-acting pegylated human G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF) in a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC). Adult male Wistar rats (150-180 g) were chosen to have a sham operation in one eye and have ONC in the other. PEG-G-CSF or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control) was immediately administered after ONC by intravitreal injection (IVI). We found the IVI of PEG-G-CSF does not induce systemic leukocytosis, but increases survival of RGCs and preserves the visual function after ONC. TUNEL assays showed fewer apoptotic cells in the retina in the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. The number of sorely ED1-positive cells was attenuated at the lesion site in the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. Immunoblotting showed up-regulation of p-Akt1, Nrf2, Sirt3, and HO-1 in the ON of the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. Our results demonstrated that one IVI of long-acting PEG-G-CSF is neuroprotective in the rONC. PEG-G-CSF activates the p-Akt1/Nrf2/Sirt3 and the p-Akt1/Nrf2/HO-1 axes to provide the antioxidative action and further attenuated RGC apoptosis and neuroinflammation. This provides crucial preclinical information for the development of alternative therapy with IVI of PEG-G-CSF in TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Te Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Tushar Dnyaneshwar Desai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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KIRKHAM AMYA, BLAND KELCEYA, ZUCKER DAVIDS, BOVARD JOSHUA, SHENKIER TAMARA, MCKENZIE DONALDC, DAVIS MARGOTK, GELMON KARENA, CAMPBELL KRISTINL. “Chemotherapy-periodized” Exercise to Accommodate for Cyclical Variation in Fatigue. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 52:278-286. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Todd J, Simpson P, Estis J, Torres V, Wub AH. Reference range and short- and long-term biological variation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A and tissue necrosis factor-alpha using high sensitivity assays. Cytokine 2013; 64:660-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jones LM, Stoner L, Brown C, Baldi C, McLaren B. Cardiovascular disease among breast cancer survivors: the call for a clinical vascular health toolbox. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 142:645-53. [PMID: 24241607 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With better detection and treatment, breast cancer is less likely to be the primary cause of death in the majority of breast cancer survivors; mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now more common. Given the long latency periods between cancer treatment completion and potential symptomatic CVD, there is a need to detect vascular changes before symptoms appear. This short review provides an overview of non-invasive, widely available, and relatively inexpensive techniques for assessing endothelial function, central and regional arterial stiffness, central blood pressures, and intima-media thickness. These tools exhibit acceptable reliability and validity, and are relatively practical. Clinical assessment recommendations are also provided. There is sufficient evidence to encourage the use of these techniques as a component of routine serial assessments, and to help guide appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M Jones
- Exercise Prescription Clinic, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand,
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Renner P, Milazzo S, Liu JP, Zwahlen M, Birkmann J, Horneber M. Primary prophylactic colony-stimulating factors for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 10:CD007913. [PMID: 23076939 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007913.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose or dose-intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy often causes myelosuppression and severe neutropenia among cancer patients. Severe neutropenia accompanied by fever, named febrile neutropenia (FN), is the most serious manifestation of neutropenia usually requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. FN and neutropenia can lead to chemotherapy treatment delays or dose reductions, which potentially compromises the effectiveness of cancer treatment and prospects for a cure. Granulocyte-macrophage (GM) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) are administered during chemotherapy in order to prevent or reduce the incidence or the duration of FN and neutropenia. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of prophylactic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in reducing the incidence and duration of FN, and all-cause and infection-related mortality during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, International Health Technology Assessment, SOMED, AMED and BIOSIS up to 8 August 2011. We also searched three Chinese databases (VIP, CNKI, CBM), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) and OpenGrey.eu up to August 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CSFs (any dose) with placebo or no treatment in patients with breast cancer at any stage, at risk of developing FN while undergoing any type of chemotherapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for binary outcomes. At least two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Trial authors were contacted for further details when information was unclear. MAIN RESULTS We included eight RCTs involving 2156 participants with different stages of breast cancer and chemotherapy regimens. The trials were carried out between 1995 and 2008 and judged as being at least at moderate risk of bias. The strength of the evidence was weak for the majority of outcomes, which was mostly because of the small numbers of evaluable patients, varying definitions, as well as unclear measurements of the trials' outcomes and uncertain influences of supportive treatments on them. In most trials, the chemotherapy regimens had a risk of FN that was below the threshold at which current guidelines recommend routine primary prophylaxis with CSFs. Using CSFs significantly reduced the proportion of patients with FN (RR 0.27; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.70; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) 12) but there was substantial heterogeneity which can be explained by possible differential effects of G-CSFs and GM-CSFs and different definitions of FN. A significant reduction in early mortality was observed in CSF-treated patients compared to placebo or no treatment (RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.77; NNTB 79). This finding was based on 23 fatal events in 2143 patients; wherein 19 of these 23 events occurred in one study and 17 events were attributed to progression of the disease by the study authors. For infection-related mortality, there were no significant differences between CSF and control groups (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.02 to 1.29). In CSF-treated patients, the risk for hospitalization was significantly reduced (RR 0.14; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.30; NNTB 13), as well as the use of intravenous antibiotics (RR 0.35; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.55; NNTB 18). The risks of severe neutropenia, infection or not maintaining the scheduled dose of chemotherapy did not differ between CSF-treated and control groups. CSFs frequently led to bone pain (RR 5.88; 95% CI 2.54 to 13.60; number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) 3) and injection-site reactions (RR 3.59; 95% CI 2.33 to 5.53; NNTH 3). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy, CSFs have shown evidence of benefit in the prevention of FN. There is evidence, though less reliable, of a decrease of all-cause mortality during chemotherapy and a reduced need for hospital care. No reliable evidence was found for a reduction of infection-related mortality, a higher dose intensity of chemotherapy with CSFs or diminished rates of severe neutropenia and infections. The majority of adverse events reported from CSF use were bone pain and injection-site reactions but no conclusions could be drawn regarding late-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Renner
- Medizinische Klinik 5-Schwerpunkt Onkologie/Haematologie, Klinikum Nord, Nuernberg, Germany
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Ikonomidis I, Michalakeas CA, Parissis J, Paraskevaidis I, Ntai K, Papadakis I, Anastasiou-Nana M, Lekakis J. Inflammatory markers in coronary artery disease. Biofactors 2012; 38:320-8. [PMID: 22628054 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common manifestations of atherosclerosis. Inflammation is considered one of the major processes that contribute to atherogenesis. Inflammation plays an important role not only on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis but also on plaque rupture, an event that leads to acute vascular events. Various biomarkers express different pathways and pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory biomarkers express different parts of the atherogenic process, regarding the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis or the destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, inflammatory biomarkers may prove to be useful in the detection, staging, and prognosis of patients with CAD. Furthermore, the fact that inflammatory processes are essential steps in the course of the disease offers future therapeutic targets for the interruption of the atherogenic process or for the management of acute events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Lekakis J, Abraham P, Balbarini A, Blann A, Boulanger CM, Cockcroft J, Cosentino F, Deanfield J, Gallino A, Ikonomidis I, Kremastinos D, Landmesser U, Protogerou A, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Vassalli G, Vink H, Werner N, Wilkinson I, Vlachopoulos C. Methods for evaluating endothelial function: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Peripheral Circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:775-89. [PMID: 21450600 DOI: 10.1177/1741826711398179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular health and disease. Assessment of its function was until recently limited to experimental designs due to its location. The advent of novel techniques has facilitated testing on a more detailed basis, with focus on distinct pathways. This review presents available in-vivo and ex-vivo methods for evaluating endothelial function with special focus on more recent ones. The diagnostic modalities covered include assessment of epicardial and microvascular coronary endothelial function, local vasodilation by venous occlusion plethysmography and flow-mediated dilatation, arterial pulse wave analysis and pulse amplitude tonometry, microvascular blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry, biochemical markers and bioassays, measurement of endothelial-derived microparticles and progenitor cells, and glycocalyx measurements. Insights and practical information on the theoretical basis, methodological aspects, and clinical application in various disease states are discussed. The ability of these methods to detect endothelial dysfunction before overt cardiovascular disease manifests make them attractive clinical tools for prevention and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lekakis
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
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Vassilakopoulou M, Mountzios G, Papamechael C, Protogerou A, Aznaouridis K, Katsichti P, Venetsanou K, Dimopoulos MA, Ikonomidis I, Papadimitriou C. Paclitaxel chemotherapy and vascular toxicity as assessed by flow-mediated and nitrate-mediated vasodilatation. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mikirova NA, Jackson JA, Hunninghake R, Kenyon J, Chan KWH, Swindlehurst CA, Minev B, Patel AN, Murphy MP, Smith L, Ramos F, Ichim TE, Riordan NH. Nutraceutical augmentation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells in human subjects. J Transl Med 2010; 8:34. [PMID: 20377846 PMCID: PMC2862021 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical significance of circulating endothelial or hematopoietic progenitors is becoming increasing recognized. While therapeutic augmentation of circulating progenitor cells using G-CSF has resulted in promising preclinical and early clinical data for several degenerative conditions, this approach is limited by cost and inability to perform chronic administration. Stem-Kine is a food supplement that was previously reported to augment circulating EPC in a pilot study. Here we report a trial in 18 healthy volunteers administered Stem-Kine twice daily for a 2 week period. Significant increases in circulating CD133 and CD34 cells were observed at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 subsequent to initiation of administration, which correlated with increased hematopoietic progenitors as detected by the HALO assay. Augmentation of EPC numbers in circulation was detected by KDR-1/CD34 staining and colony forming assays. These data suggest Stem-Kine supplementation may be useful as a stimulator of reparative processes associated with mobilization of hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Mikirova
- Bio-Communications Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - James A Jackson
- The Center For The Improvement Of Human Functioning International, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Ron Hunninghake
- The Center For The Improvement Of Human Functioning International, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Julian Kenyon
- The Dove Clinic for Integrated Medicine, Hampshire, UK
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Kyle WH Chan
- Biotheryx Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Boris Minev
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego and Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Division of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Leonard Smith
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Famela Ramos
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas E Ichim
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
| | - Neil H Riordan
- Bio-Communications Research Institute, Wichita, Kansas, USA
- Medistem Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Georgetown Dermatology, Washington, DC, USA
- Aidan Products, Chandler, Arizona, USA
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Gunzer K, Clarisse B, Lheureux S, Delcambre C, Joly F. Contribution of glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (lenograstim) use in current cancer treatment: review of clinical data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:615-30. [DOI: 10.1517/14712591003689964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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