1
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Emmert MY, Burrello J, Wolint P, Hilbe M, Andriolo G, Balbi C, Provasi E, Turchetto L, Radrizzani M, Nazari-Shafti TZ, Cesarovic N, Neuber S, Falk V, Hoerstrup SP, Hemetsberger R, Gyöngyösi M, Barile L, Vassalli G. Intracoronary delivery of extracellular vesicles from human cardiac progenitor cells reduces infarct size in porcine acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:728-732. [PMID: 37787585 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Y Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Giuseppe Verdi 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Andriolo
- Lugano Cell Factory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, V ia Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elena Provasi
- Lugano Cell Factory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Turchetto
- Lugano Cell Factory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marina Radrizzani
- Lugano Cell Factory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Rayyan Hemetsberger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, V ia Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, V ia Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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2
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Balbi C, Parisse P, Vondracek H, Lazzarini E, Bolis S, Fertig TE, Gherghiceanu M, Barile L, Vassalli G. Impact of Isolation Methods on Extracellular Vesicle Functionality In Vitro and In Vivo. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300185. [PMID: 37884455 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the impact of two isolation methods, ultracentrifugation (UC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), on small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from primary human cardiac mesenchymal-derived progenitor cells (CPCs). sEV_UC and sEV_SEC exhibit similar size, marker expression, and miRNA cargo, but sEV_UC contains notably higher total protein levels. In vitro assays show that sEV_UC, despite an equal particle count, induces more robust ERK phosphorylation, cytoprotection, and proliferation in iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) compared to sEV_SEC. sEV_UC also contains elevated periostin (POSTN) protein levels, resulting in enhanced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation in iPS-CMs. Importantly, this effect persists with treatment with soluble free-sEV protein fraction from SEC (Prote_SEC), indicating that free proteins like POSTN in sEV_UC enhance FAK phosphorylation. In vivo, sEV contamination with soluble proteins doesn't affect cardiac targeting or FAK phosphorylation, underscoring the intrinsic tissue targeting properties of sEV. These findings emphasize the need for standardized sEV isolation methods, as the choice of method can impact experimental outcomes, particularly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, 34149, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
| | - Tudor E Fertig
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 022322, Romania
| | | | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, 6900, Switzerland
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3
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Kraler S, Balbi C, Vdovenko D, Lapikova-Bryhinska T, Camici GG, Liberale L, Bonetti N, Canestro CD, Burger F, Roth A, Carbone F, Vassalli G, Mach F, Bhasin S, Wenzl FA, Muller O, Räber L, Matter CM, Montecucco F, Lüscher TF, Akhmedov A. Circulating GDF11 exacerbates myocardial injury in mice and associates with increased infarct size in humans. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2729-2742. [PMID: 37742057 PMCID: PMC10757585 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The heart rejuvenating effects of circulating growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a transforming growth factor-β superfamily member that shares 90% homology with myostatin (MSTN), remains controversial. Here, we aimed to probe the role of GDF11 in acute myocardial infarction (MI), a frequent cause of heart failure and premature death during ageing. METHODS AND RESULTS In contrast to endogenous Mstn, myocardial Gdf11 declined during the course of ageing and was particularly reduced following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, suggesting a therapeutic potential of GDF11 signalling in MI. Unexpectedly, boosting systemic Gdf11 by recombinant GDF11 delivery (0.1 mg/kg body weight over 30 days) prior to myocardial I/R augmented myocardial infarct size in C57BL/6 mice irrespective of their age, predominantly by accelerating pro-apoptotic signalling. While intrinsic cardioprotective signalling pathways remained unaffected by high circulating GDF11, targeted transcriptomics and immunomapping studies focusing on GDF11-associated downstream targets revealed attenuated Nkx2-5 expression confined to CD105-expressing cells, with pro-apoptotic activity, as assessed by caspase-3 levels, being particularly pronounced in adjacent cells, suggesting an indirect effect. By harnessing a highly specific and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that in prospectively recruited patients with MI circulating GDF11 but not MSTN levels incline with age. Moreover, GDF11 levels were particularly elevated in those at high risk for adverse outcomes following the acute event, with circulating GDF11 emerging as an independent predictor of myocardial infarct size, as estimated by standardized peak creatine kinase-MB levels. CONCLUSION Our data challenge the initially reported heart rejuvenating effects of circulating GDF11 and suggest that high levels of systemic GDF11 exacerbate myocardial injury in mice and humans alike. Persistently high GDF11 levels during ageing may contribute to the age-dependent loss of cardioprotective mechanisms and thus poor outcomes of elderly patients following acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Candela Diaz Canestro
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College and Kings College, London, UK
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
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4
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Lisi V, Senesi G, Bertola N, Pecoraro M, Bolis S, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Raimondi A, Fantini C, Moretti E, Parisi A, Sgrò P, Di Luigi L, Geiger R, Ravera S, Vassalli G, Caporossi D, Balbi C. Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles released after endurance exercise exert cardioprotective activity through the activation of antioxidant pathways. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102737. [PMID: 37236143 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can cause various conditions, including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that can decrease nitric oxide (NO) availability and promote vasoconstriction, leading to arterial hypertension. Physical exercise (PE) has been found to be protective against CVD by helping to maintain redox homeostasis through a decrease in ROS levels, achieved by increased expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and modulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in the body are a major source of regulatory signals, including proteins and nucleic acids. Interestingly, the cardioprotective role of EVs released after PE has not been fully described. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating EVs, obtained through Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of plasma samples from healthy young males (age: 26.95 ± 3.07; estimated maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2max): 51.22 ± 4.85 (mL/kg/min)) at basal level (Pre_EVs) and immediately after a single bout of endurance exercise (30' treadmill, 70% heart rate (HR) -Post_EVs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis of proteomic data from isolated EVs, revealed enrichment in proteins endowed with catalytic activity in Post_EVs, compare to Pre_EVs, with MAP2K1 being the most significantly upregulated protein. Enzymatic assays on EVs derived from Pre and Post samples showed increment in Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Catalase (CAT) activity in Post_EVs. At functional level, Post_EVs, but not Pre_EVs, enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and reduced oxidative damage accumulation in treated human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (hCM) at basal level and under stress conditions (Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) treatment), resulting in a global cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, our data demonstrated, for the first time, that a single 30-min endurance exercise is able to alter the cargo of circulating EVs, resulting in cardioprotective effect through antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Senesi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Centro Imaging Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 52, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Moretti
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Biemmi V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Cervio E, Burrello J, Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Tallone T, Moccetti T, Pedrazzini G, Longnus S, Vassalli G, Barile L. Erratum: Inflammatory extracellular vesicles prompt heart dysfunction via TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation: Erratum. Theranostics 2023; 13:1286. [PMID: 36923528 PMCID: PMC10008747 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.39072.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland.,Dept. Cœur-Vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tallone
- Cell and Biomedical Technologies Unit Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pedrazzini
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Longnus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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6
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Balbi C, Ceresa D, Schiano C, Malatesta P, Barile L, Vassalli G. Cardiomyocytes derived small extracellular vesicles plays an important role in heart development. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Neonatal rats have the capacity to regenerate their hearts in response to injury, but this potential is lost after the first week of life. Cardiac maturation lays the foundation for postnatal heart development and disease, yet little is known about the contributions of the microenvironment to cardiomyocyte maturation.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are bilayer-membrane nanoparticles released by all cell types, carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which reflect the activation state of parental cells. Secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEV), prominently figure among extracellular signals that regulate cell function.
Purpose
We aim to determine whether cardiomyocyte (CM) derived sEV carried miRNA that has a role in heart development with specific regards to cardiomyocyte maturation.
Methods
sEV were isolated from rat cardiomyocyte at day 0 and 7 after birth by serial ultracentrifugation. sEV were characterized by NTA and analyzed by Western blot for the presence of classical EV markers (TSG101, Syntenin-1). The role of sEV in cardiomyocyte proliferation was assessed by analysis of EdU incorporation on neoantal rat CM treated with sEV_p0 or sEV_p7. miRNA content on sEV was assessed using a rat-miRNome MicroRNA Profiling Kit and the identified miRNA's targets confirmed by RealTime-PCR and Western Blot.
Results
NTA and Western Blot analysis confirmed the presence of sEV in both the extracellular vesicles preparation. sEV_p0 showed to be able to sligtly increase EdU incorporation in treated cardiomyocyte (1.15-Fold) while sEV_p7 significantly inihibit CM proliferation (0.78-Fold) toghether with a change in cardiomyocyte citoscheletal architecture. Data from miRNome analysis showed in sEV_p7 a significan increase in miRNA with cyclines as tagets. Downregulation of Cdk1; Cdk4; Cdk2; CcnB1 and CcnD1 was confirmed on CM trated with sEV_p7 compared to Ctrl. Downregulation of CCND1 was aslo confrmed at the protein level by Western Blot analysis.
Conclusions
These preliminary resultes showed an important role in heart develompent of cardiomyocyte derived-sEV. A deeper investigation of the pathaway activated by sEV may have a potential interest for the identification of possible regulators for stimulating heart regeneration.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Fondazione Leonardo, Lugano, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- C Balbi
- EOC Cantonal Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - D Ceresa
- San Martino Hospital , Genova , Italy
| | - C Schiano
- EOC Cantonal Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | | | - L Barile
- EOC Cantonal Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- EOC Cantonal Hospital , Bellinzona , Switzerland
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7
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Kraler S, Vdovenko D, Liberale L, Camici GG, Canestro CD, Reiner M, Carbone F, Balbi C, Vassalli G, Mohammed SA, Mach F, Paneni F, Montecucco F, Luescher TF, Akhmedov A. Systemic GDF11 replenishment ignites myocardial injury through diminishing anti-apoptotic activity of cardiac progenitor cells. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tissue damage due to acute myocardial infarction is caused by both the ischemic insult and subsequent reperfusion injury (I/R). Restoration of coronary blood flow accelerates cardiomyocyte death, a phenomenon referred to as reperfusion injury, the extent of which is partly modulated by cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). Development of novel therapies to reduce infarct size, the main determinant of outcome, represent a huge unmet medical need (1). Systemic levels of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a TGF-β superfamily member that shares 90% homology with myostatin, decline with age, and GDF11 replenishment by heterochronic parabiosis or systemic recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) delivery was postulated to have rejuvenating effects (2).
Purpose
We aimed to probe the effects of systemic GDF11 replenishment on I/R injury and deepen insights into the molecular mechanisms involved.
Methods
We designed a vehicle-controlled study in which young (3–4 months) and old (22–24 months) C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to either daily systemic rGDF11 or control treatment over 30 days before myocardial I/R injury was induced. Dissected hearts were subjected to in-depth profiling followed by IPA-guided -omics to identify key regulatory mechanisms. Finally, in vitro experiments on human CPCs and HL-1 cardiomyocytes were performed.
Results
Myocardial Gdf11 expression declined with age, whereas myostatin (Mstn) showed an opposing expression pattern (Fig. 1A), a trend similarly observed upon I/R (Fig. 1B). Surprisingly, after the 30-day study period (Fig. 1C), young and aged rGDF11-treated mice showed higher I/R-induced infarct size and serum cardiac troponin I levels than controls, despite comparable areas at risk (Fig. 1D). Importantly, while proxies of necroptosis/pyroptosis remained unchanged, rGDF11-treated animals showed reduced cardiomyocyte viability irrespective of their age (Fig. 2A). Targeted transcriptomics applied on cardiac tissues of both groups identified the CPC-marker Nkx2–5 to be differentially regulated (Fig. 2B-C), an expression pattern validated in an independent cohort at both mRNA and protein levels (Fig. 2D). In the adult myocardium, the expression of both Nkx2–5 and its cofactor Gata4 is mainly confined to CPCs; indeed, similar reductions in Nkx2–5 and Gata4 expression were observed in CPCs exposed to rGDF11 (Fig. 2E) which coincided with accelerated cardiomyocyte death if cultured in conditioned media obtained from CPCs treated with rGDF11 (Fig. 2F), pointing toward a paracrine signalling pathway.
Conclusions
Myocardial expression of GDF11 declines with age, and is blunted upon I/R injury, thereby opposing the expression pattern of myostatin. Surprisingly, however, systemic GDF11 replenishment by rGDF11 supplementation enhances rather than reduces myocardial infarct size through augmented apoptosis, a phenomenon mediated by diminished cardioprotective function of CPCs.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Foundation for Cardiovascular Research – Zurich Heart House
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kraler
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - D Vdovenko
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - L Liberale
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - G G Camici
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - C D Canestro
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - M Reiner
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - C Balbi
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute , Lugano , Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute , Lugano , Switzerland
| | - S A Mohammed
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - F Mach
- University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - F Paneni
- University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - T F Luescher
- Royal Brompton Hospital Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Akhmedov
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology , Zurich , Switzerland
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8
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Altomare C, Bartolucci C, Pietrogiovanna N, Balbi C, Sala L, Panella S, Bolis S, Rocchetti M, Vassalli G, Severi S, Barile L. Atrial-like cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells: In vitro modeling of atrial cardiomyopathies. Vascul Pharmacol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Schiano C, Balbi C, Burrello J, Ruocco A, Infante T, Fiorito C, Panella S, Barile L, Mauro C, Vassalli G, Napoli C. De novo DNA methylation induced by circulating extracellular vesicles from acute coronary syndrome patients. Atherosclerosis 2022; 354:41-52. [PMID: 35830762 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS DNA methylation is associated with gene silencing, but its clinical role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may carry epigenetic changes, showing themselves as a potentially valuable non-invasive diagnostic liquid biopsy. We isolated and characterized circulating EVs of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and assessed their role on DNA methylation in epigenetic modifications. METHODS EVs were recovered from plasma of 19 ACS patients and 50 healthy subjects (HS). Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot (WB) were performed to evaluate both intra-vesicular and intra-cellular signals. ShinyGO, PANTHER, and STRING tools were used to perform GO and PPI network analyses. RESULTS ACS-derived EVs showed increased levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) (p<0.001) and Ten-eleven translocation (TET) genes reduction. Specifically, de novo methylation transcripts, as DNMT3A and DNMT3B, were significantly increased in plasma ACS-EVs. DNA methylation analysis on PBMCs from healthy donors treated with HS- and ACS-derived EVs showed an important role of DNMTs carried by EVs. PPI network analysis evidenced that ACS-EVs induced changes in PBMC methylome. In the most enriched subnetwork, the hub gene SRC was connected to NOTCH1, FOXO3, CDC42, IKBKG, RXRA, DGKG, BAIAP2 genes that were showed to have many molecular effects on various cell types into onset of several CVDs. Modulation in gene expression after ACS-EVs treatment was confirmed for SRC, NOTCH1, FOXO3, RXRA, DGKG and BAIAP2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed an important role for ACS-derived EVs in gene expression modulation through de novo DNA methylation signals, and modulating signalling pathways in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology lab Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology lab Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Ruocco
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Infante
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Panella
- Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Unit of Cardiovascular Diseases and Arrhythmias, Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology lab Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translation Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
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10
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Lazzarini E, Lodrini AM, Arici M, Bolis S, Vagni S, Panella S, Rendon-Angel A, Saibene M, Metallo A, Torre T, Vassalli G, Ameri P, Altomare C, Rocchetti M, Barile L. Stress-induced premature senescence is associated with a prolonged QT interval and recapitulates features of cardiac aging. Theranostics 2022; 12:5237-5257. [PMID: 35836799 PMCID: PMC9274748 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Aging in the heart is a gradual process, involving continuous changes in cardiovascular cells, including cardiomyocytes (CMs), namely cellular senescence. These changes finally lead to adverse organ remodeling and resulting in heart failure. This study exploits CMs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iCMs) as a tool to model and characterize mechanisms involved in aging. Methods and Results: Human somatic cells were reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequently differentiated in iCMs. A senescent-like phenotype (SenCMs) was induced by short exposure (3 hours) to doxorubicin (Dox) at the sub-lethal concentration of 0.2 µM. Dox treatment induced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16, and increased positivity to senescence-associated beta-galactosidase when compared to untreated iCMs. SenCMs showed increased oxidative stress, alteration in mitochondrial morphology and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, which resulted in decreased ATP production. Functionally, when compared to iCMs, SenCMs showed, prolonged multicellular QTc and single cell APD, with increased APD variability and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) incidence, two well-known arrhythmogenic indexes. These effects were largely ascribable to augmented late sodium current (INaL) and reduced delayed rectifier potassium current (Ikr). Moreover sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content was reduced because of downregulated SERCA2 and increased RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak. Electrical and intracellular Ca2+ alterations were mostly justified by increased CaMKII activity in SenCMs. Finally, SenCMs phenotype was furtherly confirmed by analyzing physiological aging in CMs isolated from old mice in comparison to young ones. Conclusions: Overall, we showed that SenCMs recapitulate the phenotype of aged primary CMs in terms of senescence markers, electrical and Ca2+ handling properties and metabolic features. Thus, Dox-induced SenCMs can be considered a novel in vitro platform to study aging mechanisms and to envision cardiac specific anti-aging approach in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Lazzarini
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Maria Lodrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martina Arici
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Vagni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Panella
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Azucena Rendon-Angel
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Saibene
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Metallo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Torre
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,✉ Corresponding authors: Lucio Barile, PhD. Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC Via Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. +41 586667104 ; Marcella Rocchetti, PhD. University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences, P.za della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy. +39 0264483313
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,✉ Corresponding authors: Lucio Barile, PhD. Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC Via Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. +41 586667104 ; Marcella Rocchetti, PhD. University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences, P.za della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy. +39 0264483313
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11
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Lazzarini E, Lodrini AM, Bolis S, Arici M, Vagni S, Panella S, Rendon Angel A, Torre T, Vassalli G, Ameri P, Altomare C, Rocchetti M, Barile L. Protective role of cardiac progenitor cell-derived-exosomes in a new human model of ageing-induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Velux Stiftung
Background
Ageing of cardiomyocytes (CM) involves structural and functional adverse remodelling that finally could result in heart failure (HF) insurgence, which incidence rise along with age (1). Current medical therapies for HF may not always be tolerated in elder patients(2). Having shown that cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) secrete nanoparticles named exosomes (EXO) enriched of cardioprotective factors(3,4), we are exploring EXO’s capacity to ameliorate senescence-derived modification into CMs. However, human models of in vitro cardiac aging are currently missing(5).
Aim
This study exploits CMs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) as an in vitro model for cardiac senescence, that will be used as platform to characterize mechanisms involved in cardiac ageing and to test protective effect of CPC-derived EXO.
Methods
Patient-derived CPCs were reprogrammed into hiPSCs and subsequently expanded and differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Senescence-like phenotype was induced by short exposure (3 hours) to doxorubicin (DOX) at sub-lethal concentration (0.2 µM), followed by washing and medium change. Following DOX exposure, cells were exposed to EXO, derived from the purification of conditioned culture media of CPCs using an ultracentrifugation-based isolation method and quantified and sized using a NTA counter. Senescence induction was highlighted by protein and gene expression analysis and senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay.Electrical activity of hiPSC-CMs was evaluated recording extracellular field potentials through multi-microelectrode arrays (MEA) and by single cell patch clamp. Metabolic features were analysed with western blot, real time RT-PCR and specific biochemical assays.
Results
DOX treatment in hiPSC-CMs induced senescence, as confirmed by activation of p21 and p16 pathways and increasing of SA-β-gal staining as compared to untreated cells (CTR). Biochemical and gene expression analysis revealed an increased ROS production and a reduction in mitochondrial potential, which drives a strong decrease in the ATP/AMP ratios. Real Time PCR analysis reveal an increased transcription of molecules related to the senescence associated secretory phenotype in DOX-CMs. Moreover, DOX-CMs showed impaired Ca++ handling, prolonged multicellular QTc and single cell APD, with increased APD variability and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) incidence in comparison to CTR.
EXO treatment mitigated the senescent phenotype induced by DOX, as shown by a decreased ROS induction, higher mitochondrial potential which drives a restored ATP/AMP ratio. Furthermore, DOX-induced QTc prolongation was prevented by EXO treatment.
Conclusion
Our hiPSC-CMs based cellular model recapitulates the phenotype of aged CMs in terms of senescence markers, electrical and metabolic proprieties. CPC-derived EXOs limit age-related modifications, highlighting the cardioprotective role of small molecules released by EXO.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lazzarini
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - AM Lodrini
- Universita Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , Milan , Italy
| | - S Bolis
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - M Arici
- Universita Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , Milan , Italy
| | - S Vagni
- Universita Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , Milan , Italy
| | - S Panella
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - A Rendon Angel
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - T Torre
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute , Lugano , Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute , Lugano , Switzerland
| | - P Ameri
- University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine , Genoa , Italy
| | - C Altomare
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute , Lugano , Switzerland
| | - M Rocchetti
- Universita Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences , Milan , Italy
| | - L Barile
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics , Bellinzona , Switzerland
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12
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Balbi C, Ceresa D, Schiano C, Malatesta P, Barile L, Vassalli G. Cardiomyocytes (CM) derived small Extracellular Vesicles (sEV) plays an important role in heart development. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Schweizerische Herzstiftung - FF21017
Fondazione Leonardo
Introduction
Neonatal rats have the capacity to regenerate their hearts in response to injury, but this potential is lost after the first week of life. Cardiac maturation lays the foundation for postnatal heart development and disease, yet little is known about the contributions of the microenvironment to cardiomyocyte maturation.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are bilayer-membrane nanoparticles released by all cell types, carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which reflect the activation state of parental cells. Secreted small extracellular vesicles (sEV), prominently figure among extracellular signals that regulate cell function.
Purpose
We aim to determine whether cardiomyocyte (CM) derived sEV carried miRNA that has a role in heart development with specific regards to cardiomyocyte maturation.
Methods
sEV were isolated from rat cardiomyocyte at day 0 and 7 after birth by serial ultracentrifugation. sEV were characterized by NTA and analyzed by Western blot for the presence of classical EV markers (TSG101, Syntenin-1). The role of sEV in cardiomyocyte proliferation was assesed by analysis of EdU incorporation on neoantal rat CM treated with sEV_p0 or sEV_p7. miRNA content on sEV was assesed using a rat-miRNome MicroRNA Profiling Kit and the identified miRNA's targets confirmed by RealTime-PCR and Western Blot.
Results
NTA and Western Blot analysis confirmed the presence of sEV in both the extracellular vesicles preparation. sEV_p0 showed to be able to sligtly increase EdU incorporation in treated cardiomyocyte (1.15-Fold) while sEV_p7 significantly inihibit CM proliferation (0.78-Fold) toghether with a change in cardiomyocyte citoscheletal architecture. Data from miRNome analysis showed in sEV_p7 a significan increase in miRNA with cyclines as tagets. Downregulation of Cdk1 ; Cdk4 ; Cdk2 ; CcnB1 and CcnD1 was confirmed on CM trated with sEV_p7 compared to Ctrl. Downregulation of CCND1 was aslo confrmed at the protein level by Western Blot analysis.
Conclusions
These preliminary resultes showed an important role in heart develompent of cardiomyocyte derived-sEV. A deeper investigation of the pathaway activated by sEV may have a potential interest for the identification of possible regulators for stimulating heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Balbi
- ICCT-Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - D Ceresa
- San Martino Hospital , Genova , Italy
| | - C Schiano
- ICCT-Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | | | - L Barile
- ICCT-Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- ICCT-Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Bellinzona , Switzerland
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13
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Burrello J, Burrello A, Vacchi E, Bianco G, Caporali E, Amongero M, Airale L, Bolis S, Vassalli G, Cereda CW, Mulatero P, Bussolati B, Camici GG, Melli G, Monticone S, Barile L. Supervised and unsupervised learning to define the cardiovascular risk of patients according to an extracellular vesicle molecular signature. Transl Res 2022; 244:114-125. [PMID: 35202881 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease represents the most common cause of death in developed countries. Risk assessment is highly relevant to intervene at individual level and implement prevention strategies. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the development and progression of CV diseases and are considered promising biomarkers. We aimed at identifying an EV signature to improve the stratification of patients according to CV risk and likelihood to develop fatal CV events. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry for a standardized panel of 37 surface antigens in a cross-sectional multicenter cohort (n = 486). CV profile was defined by presence of different indicators (age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, cardiac heart failure, chronic kidney disease, smoking habit, organ damage) and according to the 10-year risk of fatal CV events estimated using SCORE charts of European Society of Cardiology. By combining expression levels of EV antigens using unsupervised learning, patients were classified into 3 clusters: Cluster-I (n = 288), Cluster-II (n = 83), Cluster-III (n = 30). A separate analysis was conducted on patients displaying acute CV events (n = 82). Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic heart failure, and organ damage (defined as left ventricular hypertrophy and/or microalbuminuria) increased progressively from Cluster-I to Cluster-III. Several EV antigens, including markers for platelets (CD41b-CD42a-CD62P), leukocytes (CD1c-CD2-CD3-CD4-CD8-CD14-CD19-CD20-CD25-CD40-CD45-CD69-CD86), and endothelium (CD31-CD105) were independently associated with CV risk indicators and correlated to age, blood pressure, glucometabolic profile, renal function, and SCORE risk. EV profiling, obtained from minimally invasive blood sampling, allows accurate patient stratification according to CV risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Vacchi
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elena Caporali
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Amongero
- Department of Mathematical Sciences G. L. Lagrange, Polytechnic University of Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Airale
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Bolis
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Melli
- Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Vdovenko D, Balbi C, Di Silvestre D, Passignani G, Puspitasari YM, Zarak-Crnkovic M, Mauri P, Camici GG, Lüscher TF, Eriksson U, Vassalli G. Microvesicles released from activated CD4 + T cells alter microvascular endothelial cell function. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13769. [PMID: 35316536 PMCID: PMC9287044 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvesicles are vesicles shed by plasma membranes following cell activation and apoptosis. The role of lymphocyte-derived microvesicles in endothelial function remains poorly understood. METHODS CD4+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy human donors were stimulated using anti-CD3/anti-CD28-coated beads. Proteomic profiling of microvesicles was performed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) from activated T cells (MV.Act) and nonactivated T cells (MV.NAct). In addition, data processing analysis was performed using MaxQUANT workflow. Differentially expressed proteins found in MV.Act or MV.NAct samples with identification frequency = 100%, which were selected by both LDA (p < .01) and MaxQUANT (p < .01) workflows, were defined as "high-confidence" differentially expressed proteins. Functional effects of MV.Act on human primary microvascular endothelial cells were analysed. RESULTS T cells released large amounts of microvesicles upon stimulation. Proteomic profiling of microvesicles using LDA identified 2279 proteins (n = 2110 and n = 851 proteins in MV.Act and MV.NAct, respectively). Protein-protein interaction network models reconstructed from both differentially expressed proteins (n = 594; LDA p ≤ .01) and "high-confidence" differentially expressed proteins (n = 98; p ≤ .01) revealed that MV.Act were enriched with proteins related to immune responses, protein translation, cytoskeleton organisation and TNFα-induced apoptosis. For instance, MV.Act were highly enriched with IFN-γ, a key proinflammatory pathway related to effector CD4+ T cells. Endothelial cell incubation with MV.Act induced superoxide generation, apoptosis, endothelial wound healing impairment and endothelial monolayer barrier disruption. CONCLUSIONS T cell receptor-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells stimulates the release of microvesicles enriched with proteins involved in immune responses, inflammation and apoptosis. T cell-derived microvesicles alter microvascular endothelial function and barrier permeability, potentially promoting tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratories for Translational Research-EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, GZO - Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino-EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratories for Translational Research-EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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15
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Burrello J, Bianco G, Burrello A, Manno C, Maulucci F, Pileggi M, Nannoni S, Michel P, Bolis S, Melli G, Vassalli G, Albers GW, Cianfoni A, Barile L, Cereda CW. Extracellular Vesicle Surface Markers as a Diagnostic Tool in Transient Ischemic Attacks. Stroke 2021; 52:3335-3347. [PMID: 34344167 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.033170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cerebral ischemic diseases, but not systematically tested in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We aimed at (1) investigating the profile of EV-surface antigens in patients with symptoms suspicious for TIA; (2) developing and validating a predictive model for TIA diagnosis based on a specific EV-surface antigen profile. METHODS We analyzed 40 subjects with symptoms suspicious for TIA and 20 healthy controls from a training cohort. An independent cohort of 28 subjects served as external validation. Patients were stratified according to likelihood of having a real ischemic event using the Precise Diagnostic Score, defined as: unlikely (score 0-1), possible-probable (score 2-3), or very likely (score 4-8). Serum vesicles were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and EV-surface antigen profile characterized by multiplex flow cytometry. RESULTS EV concentration increased in patients with very likely or possible-probable TIA (P<0.05) compared with controls. Nanoparticle concentration was directly correlated with the Precise Diagnostic score (R=0.712; P<0.001). After EV immuno-capturing, CD8, CD2, CD62P, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, CD42a, CD44, CD326, CD142, CD31, and CD14 were identified as discriminants between groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed a reliable diagnostic performance for each of these markers taken individually and for a compound marker derived from their linear combinations (area under the curve, 0.851). Finally, a random forest model combining the expression levels of selected markers achieved an accuracy of 96% and 78.9% for discriminating patients with a very likely TIA, in the training and external validation cohort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The EV-surface antigen profile appears to be different in patients with transient symptoms adjudicated to be very likely caused by brain ischemia compared with patients whose symptoms were less likely to due to brain ischemia. We propose an algorithm based on an EV-surface-antigen specific signature that might aid in the recognition of TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., G.V.)
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Concetta Manno
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Francesco Maulucci
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Marco Pileggi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (M.P., A.C.)
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.)
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (S.B., L.B.)
| | - Giorgia Melli
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., G.V.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology & Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cianfoni
- Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (M.P., A.C.)
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (S.B., L.B.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.).,Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)
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Burrello J, Tetti M, Forestiero V, Biemmi V, Bolis S, Pomatto MAC, Amongero M, Di Silvestre D, Mauri P, Vassalli G, Camussi G, Williams TA, Mulatero P, Barile L, Monticone S. Characterization of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Surface Antigens in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism. Hypertension 2021; 78:726-737. [PMID: 34304584 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- From the Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (J.B., M.T., V.F., T.A.W., P. Mulatero, S.M.).,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., V.B., S.B., G.V., L.B.)
| | - Martina Tetti
- From the Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (J.B., M.T., V.F., T.A.W., P. Mulatero, S.M.)
| | - Vittorio Forestiero
- From the Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (J.B., M.T., V.F., T.A.W., P. Mulatero, S.M.)
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., V.B., S.B., G.V., L.B.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (V.B., L.B.)
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., V.B., S.B., G.V., L.B.)
| | | | - Martina Amongero
- Department of Mathematical Sciences G. L. Lagrange, Polytechnic University of Torino, Italy (M.A.)
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy (D.D.S., P. Mauri)
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy (D.D.S., P. Mauri)
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., V.B., S.B., G.V., L.B.)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy (M.A.C.P., G.C.)
| | - Tracy Ann Williams
- From the Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (J.B., M.T., V.F., T.A.W., P. Mulatero, S.M.).,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (T.A.W)
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- From the Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (J.B., M.T., V.F., T.A.W., P. Mulatero, S.M.)
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., V.B., S.B., G.V., L.B.).,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (V.B., L.B.)
| | - Silvia Monticone
- From the Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (J.B., M.T., V.F., T.A.W., P. Mulatero, S.M.)
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17
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Balbi C, Burrello J, Bolis S, Lazzarini E, Biemmi V, Pianezzi E, Burrello A, Caporali E, Grazioli LG, Martinetti G, Fusi-Schmidhauser T, Vassalli G, Melli G, Barile L. Circulating extracellular vesicles are endowed with enhanced procoagulant activity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103369. [PMID: 33971404 PMCID: PMC8104913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes an acute respiratory syndrome accompanied by multi-organ damage that implicates a prothrombotic state leading to widespread microvascular clots. The causes of such coagulation abnormalities are unknown. The receptor tissue factor, also known as CD142, is often associated with cell-released extracellular vesicles (EV). In this study, we aimed to characterize surface antigens profile of circulating EV in COVID-19 patients and their potential implication as procoagulant agents. Methods We analyzed serum-derived EV from 67 participants who underwent nasopharyngeal swabs molecular test for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (34 positives and 33 negatives) and from 16 healthy controls (HC), as referral. A sub-analysis was performed on subjects who developed pneumonia (n = 28). Serum-derived EV were characterized for their surface antigen profile and tested for their procoagulant activity. A validation experiment was performed pre-treating EV with anti-CD142 antibody or with recombinant FVIIa. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. Findings Profiling of EV antigens revealed a surface marker signature that defines circulating EV in COVID-19. A combination of seven surface molecules (CD49e, CD209, CD86, CD133/1, CD69, CD142, and CD20) clustered COVID (+) versus COVID (-) patients and HC. CD142 showed the highest discriminating performance at both multivariate models and ROC curve analysis. Noteworthy, we found that CD142 exposed onto surface of EV was biologically active. CD142 activity was higher in COVID (+) patients and correlated with TNF-α serum levels. Interpretation In SARS-CoV-2 infection the systemic inflammatory response results in cell-release of substantial amounts of procoagulant EV that may act as clotting initiation agents, contributing to disease severity. Funding Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano-Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Enea Pianezzi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Caporali
- Cardiology Department, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Gauthier Grazioli
- Internal Medicine Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gladys Martinetti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Fusi-Schmidhauser
- Internal Medicine Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Melli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Altomare C, Lodrini AM, Milano G, Biemmi V, Lazzarini E, Bolis S, Pernigoni N, Torre E, Arici M, Ferrandi M, Barile L, Rocchetti M, Vassalli G. Structural and Electrophysiological Changes in a Model of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Anthracycline Combined With Trastuzumab. Front Physiol 2021; 12:658790. [PMID: 33897465 PMCID: PMC8058443 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.658790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combined treatment with anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin; Dox) and trastuzumab (Trz), a humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2) antibody, in patients with HER2-positive cancer is limited by cardiotoxicity, as manifested by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia. The respective roles of the two agents in the cardiotoxicity of the combined therapy are incompletely understood. Objective To assess cardiac performance, T-tubule organization, electrophysiological changes and intracellular Ca2+ handling in cardiac myocytes (CMs) using an in vivo rat model of Dox/Trz-related cardiotoxicity. Methods and Results Adult rats received 6 doses of either Dox or Trz, or the two agents sequentially. Dox-mediated left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was aggravated by Trz administration. Dox treatment, but not Trz, induced T-tubule disarray. Moreover, Dox, but not Trz monotherapy, induced prolonged action potential duration (APD), increased incidence of delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and beat-to-beat variability of repolarization (BVR), and slower Ca2+ transient decay. Although APD, DADs, BVR and Ca2+ transient decay recovered over time after the cessation of Dox treatment, subsequent Trz administration exacerbated these abnormalities. Trz, but not Dox, reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and SR Ca2+ content, although only Dox treatment was associated with SERCA downregulation. Finally, Dox treatment increased Ca2+ spark frequency, resting Ca2+ waves, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak, and long-lasting Ca2+ release events (so-called Ca2+ “embers”), partially reproduced by Trz treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that in vivo Dox but not Trz administration causes T-tubule disarray and pronounced changes in electrical activity of CMs. While adaptive changes may account for normal AP shape and reduced DADs late after Dox administration, subsequent Trz administration interferes with such adaptive changes. Intracellular Ca2+ handling was differently affected by Dox and Trz treatment, leading to SR instability in both cases. These findings illustrate the specific roles of Dox and Trz, and their interactions in cardiotoxicity and arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Altomare
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Maria Lodrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Pernigoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Torre
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Arici
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Ferrandi
- Windtree Therapeutics Inc., Warrington, PA, United States
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Castellani C, Burello J, Fedrigo M, Burrello A, Bolis S, Silvestre DDI, Tona F, Bottio T, Biemmi V, Toscano G, Gerosa G, Thiene G, Basso C, Longnus S, Vassalli G, Angelini A, Barile L. Extracellular Vesicles Surface Protein Profile as Biomarkers to Characterize Allograft Rejection in Heart Transplanted Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Balbi C, Milano G, Fertig TE, Lazzarini E, Bolis S, Taniyama Y, Sanada F, Di Silvestre D, Mauri P, Gherghiceanu M, Lüscher TF, Barile L, Vassalli G. An exosomal-carried short periostin isoform induces cardiomyocyte proliferation. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5634-5649. [PMID: 33897872 PMCID: PMC8058720 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a small number of cardiomyocytes may reenter the cell cycle after injury, the adult mammalian heart is incapable of a robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. Periostin, a secreted extracellular matrix protein, has been implicated as a regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation; however, this role remains controversial. Alternative splicing of the human periostin gene results in 6 isoforms lacking sequences between exons 17 and 21, in addition to full-length periostin. We previously showed that exosomes (Exo) secreted by human cardiac explant-derived progenitor cells (CPC) carried periostin. Here, we aimed to investigate their cell cycle activity. Methods: CPC were derived as the cellular outgrowth of ex vivo cultured cardiac atrial explants. Exo were purified from CPC conditioned medium using size exclusion chromatography. Exosomal periostin was analyzed by Western blotting using a pair of antibodies (one raised against aa 537-836, and one raised against amino acids mapping at exon 17 of human periostin), by ELISA, and by cryo-EM with immune-gold labeling. Cell cycle activity was assessed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes, and in adult rat cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. The role of periostin in cell cycle activity was investigated by transfecting donor CPC with a siRNA against this protein. Results: Periostin expression in CPC-secreted exosomes was detected using the antibody raised against aa 537-836 of the human protein, but not with the exon 17-specific antibody, consistent with an isoform lacking exon 17. Periostin was visualized on vesicle surfaces by cryo-EM and immune-gold labeling. CPC-derived exosomes induced cell proliferation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo, in human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes, and in adult rat cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Exo promoted phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), actin polymerization, and nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in cardiomyocytes. Knocking down of periostin or YAP, or blocking FAK phosphorylation with PF-573228 nullified Exo-induced proliferation. A truncated human periostin peptide (aa 22-669), but not recombinant human full-length periostin, mimicked the pro-proliferative activity of exosomes. Conclusions: Our results show, for the first time, that CPC-secreted exosomes promote cardiomyocyte cell cycle-reentry via a short periostin isoform expressed on their surfaces, whereas recombinant full-length periostin does not. These findings highlight isoform-specific roles of periostin in cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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21
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Burrello J, Biemmi V, Dei Cas M, Amongero M, Bolis S, Lazzarini E, Bollini S, Vassalli G, Paroni R, Barile L. Sphingolipid composition of circulating extracellular vesicles after myocardial ischemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16182. [PMID: 32999414 PMCID: PMC7527456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components of cell membrane, displaying several functions in cell signalling. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are lipid bilayer membrane nanoparticle and their lipid composition may be different from parental cells, with a significant enrichment in sphingolipid species, especially in pathological conditions. We aimed at optimizing EV isolation from plasma and describing the differential lipid content of EV, as compared to whole plasma. As pilot study, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of lipidomic signature of circulating EV in patients with a diagnosis of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). STEMI patients were evaluated before reperfusion and 24-h after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Twenty sphingolipid species were quantified by liquid-chromatography tandem-mass-spectrometry. EV-ceramides, -dihydroceramides, and -sphingomyelins increased in STEMI vs. matched controls and decreased after reperfusion. Their levels correlated to hs-troponin, leucocyte count, and ejection fraction. Plasma sphingolipids levels were 500-to-700-fold higher as compared to EV content; nevertheless, only sphingomyelins differed in STEMI vs. control patients. Different sphingolipid species were enriched in EV and their linear combination by machine learning algorithms accurately classified STEMI patients at pre-PCI evaluation. In conclusion, EV lipid signature discriminates STEMI patients. These findings may contribute to the identification of novel biomarkers and signaling mechanisms related to cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burrello
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Amongero
- Department of Mathematical Sciences G. L. Lagrange, Polytechnic University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Bolis
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - E Lazzarini
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - G Vassalli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - R Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Via Tesserete 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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22
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Milano G, Biemmi V, Lazzarini E, Balbi C, Ciullo A, Bolis S, Ameri P, Di Silvestre D, Mauri P, Barile L, Vassalli G. Intravenous administration of cardiac progenitor cell-derived exosomes protects against doxorubicin/trastuzumab-induced cardiac toxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:383-392. [PMID: 31098627 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Combined administration of anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin; Dox) and trastuzumab (Trz), a humanized anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2), is an effective treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. However, both agents are associated with cardiac toxicity. Human cardiac-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells (CPCs) secrete extracellular vesicles including nanosized exosomes which protect against myocardial ischaemia. Here, we investigated the effects of these exosomes using a novel model of Dox/Trz-mediated cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS CPCs were derived from cardiac atrial appendage specimens from patients who underwent heart surgery for heart valve disease and/or ischaemic heart disease, and exosomes were purified from CPC conditioned media. Proteomics analyses revealed that CPC exosomes contained multiple proteins involved in redox processes. Dox/Trz induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat cardiomyocytes, which was prevented by CPC exosomes. In vivo, rats received six doses of Dox (Days 1-11), followed by six doses of Trz (Days 19-28). Three doses of either exosomes or exosome suspension vehicle were injected intravenously on Days 5, 11, and 19 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Dox/Trz induced myocardial fibrosis, CD68+ inflammatory cell infiltrates, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and left ventricular dysfunction. CPC exosomes prevented these effects. These vesicles were highly enriched in miR-146a-5p compared with human dermal fibroblast exosomes. Dox upregulated Traf6 and Mpo, two known miR-146a-5p target genes (which encode signalling mediators of inflammatory and cell death axes) in myocytes. CPC exosomes suppressed miR-146a-5p target genes Traf6, Smad4, Irak1, Nox4, and Mpo in Dox-treated cells. Specific silencing of miR-146a-5p abrogated exosome-mediated suppression of those genes leading to an increase in Dox-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Human CPC exosomes attenuate Dox-/Trz-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Systemic administration of these vesicles prevents Dox/Trz cardiotoxicity in vivo. miR-146a-5p mediates some of the benefits of exosomes in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Cœur-Vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Lab, ITB-CNR, Departent of Biomedicine, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Lab, ITB-CNR, Departent of Biomedicine, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Burrello J, Bolis S, Balbi C, Burrello A, Provasi E, Caporali E, Gauthier LG, Peirone A, D'Ascenzo F, Monticone S, Barile L, Vassalli G. An extracellular vesicle epitope profile is associated with acute myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9945-9957. [PMID: 32666618 PMCID: PMC7520329 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard biomarker for myocardial infarction (MI) is high-sensitive troponin. Although powerful in clinical setting, search for new markers is warranted as early diagnosis of MI is associated with improved outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) attracted considerable interest as new blood biomarkers. A training cohort used for diagnostic modelling included 30 patients with STEMI, 38 with stable angina (SA) and 30 matched-controls. Extracellular vesicle concentration was assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Extracellular vesicle surface-epitopes were measured by flow cytometry. Diagnostic models were developed using machine learning algorithms and validated on an independent cohort of 80 patients. Serum EV concentration from STEMI patients was increased as compared to controls and SA. EV levels of CD62P, CD42a, CD41b, CD31 and CD40 increased in STEMI, and to a lesser extent in SA patients. An aggregate marker including EV concentration and CD62P/CD42a levels achieved non-inferiority to troponin, discriminating STEMI from controls (AUC = 0.969). A random forest model based on EV biomarkers discriminated the two groups with 100% accuracy. EV markers and RF model confirmed high diagnostic performance at validation. In conclusion, patients with acute MI or SA exhibit characteristic EV biomarker profiles. EV biomarkers hold great potential as early markers for the management of patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular TheranosticsCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of ElectricalElectronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI)University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Elena Provasi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Elena Caporali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Lorenzo Grazioli Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Peirone
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Division of Internal MedicineDepartment of Medical SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular TheranosticsCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)LuganoSwitzerland
- Institute of Life ScienceScuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular CardiologyCardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE)LuganoSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical SciencesUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)LuganoSwitzerland
- Center for Molecular CardiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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24
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Balbi C, Vassalli G. Exosomes: Beyond stem cells for cardiac protection and repair. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1387-1399. [PMID: 32761640 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The adult human heart has limited regenerative capacity; hence, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential approach for cardiac repair. However, a large part of the benefit of the injection of stem and progenitor cells into injured hearts is mediated by secreted factors. Exosomes-nano-sized secreted extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin-have emerged as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication, and are now viewed as the key regenerative constituent of the secretome of stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac-derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative abilities. This concise review discusses the therapeutic benefit of exosomes secreted by stem and progenitor cells in preclinical models of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Vacchi E, Burrello J, Di Silvestre D, Burrello A, Bolis S, Mauri P, Vassalli G, Cereda CW, Farina C, Barile L, Kaelin-Lang A, Melli G. Immune profiling of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles identifies Parkinson disease. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7:7/6/e866. [PMID: 32817412 PMCID: PMC7428368 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To develop a diagnostic model based on plasma-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations in Parkinson disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP), we applied an innovative flow cytometric multiplex bead-based platform. Methods Plasma-derived EVs were isolated from PD, matched healthy controls, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and AP with tauopathies (AP-Tau). The expression levels of 37 EV surface markers were measured by flow cytometry and correlated with clinical scales. A diagnostic model based on EV surface markers expression was built via supervised machine learning algorithms and validated in an external cohort. Results Distinctive pools of EV surface markers related to inflammatory and immune cells stratified patients according to the clinical diagnosis. PD and MSA displayed a greater pool of overexpressed immune markers, suggesting a different immune dysregulation in PD and MSA vs AP-Tau. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of a compound EV marker showed optimal diagnostic performance for PD (area under the curve [AUC] 0.908; sensitivity 96.3%, specificity 78.9%) and MSA (AUC 0.974; sensitivity 100%, specificity 94.7%) and good accuracy for AP-Tau (AUC 0.718; sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 89.5%). A diagnostic model based on EV marker expression correctly classified 88.9% of patients with reliable diagnostic performance after internal and external validations. Conclusions Immune profiling of plasmatic EVs represents a crucial step toward the identification of biomarkers of disease for PD and AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vacchi
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Burrello
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bolis
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alain Kaelin-Lang
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Melli
- From the Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences (E.V., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (E.V., G.V., L.B., A.K.-L., G.M.), Università della Svizzera Italiana; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory (J.B., G.V.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Proteomic and Metabolomic Laboratory (D.D.S., P.M.), Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate (Milan), Italy; Department of Electrical (A.B.), Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics (S.B., L.B.), Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Neurology Department (C.W.C., A.K.-L., G.M.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano; and Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Lab (C.F.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Castellani C, Burrello J, Fedrigo M, Burrello A, Bolis S, Di Silvestre D, Tona F, Bottio T, Biemmi V, Toscano G, Gerosa G, Thiene G, Basso C, Longnus SL, Vassalli G, Angelini A, Barile L. Circulating extracellular vesicles as non-invasive biomarker of rejection in heart transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 39:1136-1148. [PMID: 32665078 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are raising considerable interest as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, as they are easily detectable in biologic fluids and contain a specific set of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids reflecting pathophysiologic conditions. We aimed to investigate differences in plasma-derived EV surface protein profiles as a biomarker to be used in combination with endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) for the diagnosis of allograft rejection. METHODS Plasma was collected from 90 patients (53 training cohort, 37 validation cohort) before EMB. EV concentration was assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. EV surface antigens were measured using a multiplex flow cytometry assay composed of 37 fluorescently labeled capture bead populations coated with specific antibodies directed against respective EV surface epitopes. RESULTS The concentration of EVs was significantly increased and their diameter decreased in patients undergoing rejection as compared with negative ones. The trend was highly significant for both antibody-mediated rejection and acute cellular rejection (p < 0.001). Among EV surface markers, CD3, CD2, ROR1, SSEA-4, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I, and CD41b were identified as discriminants between controls and acute cellular rejection, whereas HLA-II, CD326, CD19, CD25, CD20, ROR1, SSEA-4, HLA-I, and CD41b discriminated controls from patients with antibody-mediated rejection. Receiver operating characteristics curves confirmed a reliable diagnostic performance for each single marker (area under the curve range, 0.727-0.939). According to differential EV-marker expression, a diagnostic model was built and validated in an external cohort of patients. Our model was able to distinguish patients undergoing rejection from those without rejection. The accuracy at validation in an independent external cohort reached 86.5%. Its application for patient management has the potential to reduce the number of EMBs. Further studies in a higher number of patients are required to validate this approach for clinical purposes. CONCLUSIONS Circulating EVs are highly promising as a new tool to characterize cardiac allograft rejection and to be complementary to EMB monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Castellani
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Burrello
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Tona
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tomaso Bottio
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Toscano
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sarah L Longnus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Cardiovascular Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Bianco G, Burrello J, Manno C, Nannoni S, Michel P, Bolis S, Vassalli G, Albers GW, Cianfoni A, Barile L, Cereda CW. Abstract WMP69: Profiling Extracellular Vesicle Surface Markers as Diagnostic Tool in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). Stroke 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.wmp69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
-TIA diagnosis is challenge. A circulating blood-based biomarker, supporting clinical and imaging evaluation, would be fundamental for optimizing the diagnosis of true brain ischemic events. Surface proteins carried by cellular secreted extracellular vesicles (EV), reflect abnormal inflammation and coagulation. We aimed to test the performance of EV surface proteins in discriminating true ischemic TIA.
Methods:
- We analyzed n=40 patients with suspicion of TIA, and n=20 asymptomatic matched controls. According to the PREDISC score, which includes clinical and imaging (multimodal MRI) criteria, patients were stratified as “unlikely” (score 0-1, n=10), “possibly” (score 2-3, n=15), or “very likely” (score 4-8, n=15) of having true ischemic TIA. Serum-derived EV were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and EV-surface profile characterized by flow cytometry assay. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) were built and validated through supervised machine learning algorithms.
Results:
- The concentration of circulating serum-derived EV was significantly increased in patients with proven ischemic events ranging in PREDISC score of 4-8 (p<0.001) and for those classified as “possibly” (score 2-3, P<0.05) as compared to controls. No significant differences were observed in patients stratified as “unlikely” versus controls. Overall EV concentration was directly correlated with the PREDISC score (R = 0.712; P < 0.001). Among EV-surface markers, CD8, CD2, CD62P, MCSP, CD42a, CD44, CD326, CD142, CD31, and CD14 were identified as discriminants between groups (p<0.05). Their expression was correlated with the PREDISC score (R range 0.320-0.461; P < 0.05), and associated with the occurrence of true ischemic TIA, as confirmed by univariate analysis (p<0.05). We combined 37 differentially expressed EV antigens in two models to predict PREDISC and achieved an accuracy of 95.0% and 90.0%, for the LDA and the RF model respectively.
Conclusion:
- Patients with recent true ischemic TIA appear to have a different cellular secreted EV profile in blood compared to controls. EV profile measurement is a promising novel biomarker to be validated in future studies addressing the optimization of TIA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bianco
- Ospedale Civico, Stroke Cntr EOC, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Cellular & Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Concetta Manno
- Ospedale Civico, Stroke Cntr EOC, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- Stroke Cntr and Neurology Service Dept of Clinical Neurosciences Cntr Hospier Universitaire Vaudois and Univ of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Stroke Cntr and Neurology Service Dept of Clinical Neurosciences Cntr Hospier Universitaire Vaudois and Univ of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular & molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino., Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular & molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino., Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Cianfoni
- Ospedale Civico, Neuroradiology Stroke Cntr EOC, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cellular & molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino., Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- Ospedale Civico, Stroke Cntr EOC, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Biemmi V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Cervio E, Burrello J, Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Tallone T, Moccetti T, Pedrazzini G, Longnus S, Vassalli G, Barile L. Inflammatory extracellular vesicles prompt heart dysfunction via TRL4-dependent NF-κB activation. Theranostics 2020; 10:2773-2790. [PMID: 32194834 PMCID: PMC7052909 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: After myocardial infarction, necrotic cardiomyocytes release damage-associated proteins that stimulate innate immune pathways and macrophage tissue infiltration, which drives inflammation and myocardial remodeling. Circulating inflammatory extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the acute and chronic phases of ischemia, in terms of inflammatory progression. In this study, we hypothesize that the paracrine effect mediated by these vesicles induces direct cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. Thus, we examined whether reducing the generation of inflammatory vesicles within the first few hours after the ischemic event ameliorates cardiac outcome at short and long time points. Methods: Myocardial infarction was induced in rats that were previously injected intraperitoneally with a chemical inhibitor of extracellular-vesicle biogenesis. Heart global function was assessed by echocardiography performed at 7, 14 and 28 days after MI. Cardiac outcome was also evaluated by hemodynamic analysis at sacrifice. Cytotoxic effects of circulating EV were evaluated ex-vivo in a Langendorff, system by measuring the level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the perfusate. Mechanisms undergoing cytotoxic effects of EV derived from pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) were studied in-vitro in primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Results: Inflammatory response following myocardial infarction dramatically increased the number of circulating extracellular vesicles carrying alarmins such as IL-1α, IL-1β and Rantes. Reducing the boost in inflammatory vesicles during the acute phase of ischemia resulted in preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in vivo. Hemodynamic analysis confirmed functional recovery by displaying higher velocity of left ventricular relaxation and improved contractility. When added to the perfusate of isolated hearts, post-infarction circulating vesicles induced significantly more cell death in adult cardiomyocytes, as assessed by cTnI release, comparing to circulating vesicles isolated from healthy (non-infarcted) rats. In vitro inflammatory extracellular vesicles induce cell death by driving nuclear translocation of NF-κB into nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that targeting circulating extracellular vesicles during the acute phase of myocardial infarction may offer an effective therapeutic approach to preserve function of ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Biemmi
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Dept. Cœur-Vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Burrello
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tallone
- Cell and Biomedical Technologies Unit Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pedrazzini
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Longnus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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29
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Balbi C, Bolis S, Barile L, Vassalli G. P2586Cardiac progenitor cell exosome-associated periostin triggers reentry of cardiomyocytes into cell cycle. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Nanovesicles known as exosomes (Exo) from cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CPCs) are cardioprotective and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction; however the mechanisms of benefit are incompletely understood, especially with respect to endogenous cardiomyocytes (CM) renewal. Periostin (POSTN), a secreted extracellular matrix protein, is emerging as a matricellular factor that can trigger CM proliferation. We have identified POSTN as a protein secreted by CPC and enriched in their exosomal fraction.
Purpose
We sought to determine whether Exo-CPC can induce proliferation of CM and to explore the role of exosomal POSTN in inducing reentry of CM into the cell cycle.
Methods
Exo were isolated from CPC condioned medium by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Fractions were analyzed by Western blotting for the presence of POSTN as well as specific Exo markers (TSG101, CD9). POSTN-depleted Exo (ExoCPC_SiPOSTN) were obtained by transfecting CPC with specific siRNA. Active DNA synthesis was assessed on primary cell culture of rat neonatal CM by EdU incorporation. H9C2 cardiomyocytic cells were used to assess by real-time RT-PCR the expression of downstream genes Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway.
Results
Western blotting analysis allowed to specifically determining the presence of Exo markers and POSTN in the different fractions of secreted vesicles. Smaller fractions (f1-f3) have the highest amount of TSG101 and CD9 as well as POSTN, thus suggesting that CPC secrete POSTN associated with Exo. The silencing of POSTN in cells resulted in a 60% reduction of Exo-associated POSTN compared to naïve ExoCPC. ExoCPC but not ExoCPC_SiPOSTN, were able to increase phosporylation of AKT and ERK in H9C2 cells. YAP phosporylation and its degradation was decreased resulting in the activation of the downstream gene AurBKinase. By real-time PCR, AurBKinase expression was increased by 2.6 folds with ExoCPC and 1.5 folds with ExoCPC_SiPOSTN compared to cells not exposed to Exo. ExoCPC were able to increase 1.5 fold EdU incorporation in cardiac troponin-positive primary rat CM. ExoCPC_SiPSTN did not affect proliferation.
Schematic figure
Conclusion
These results suggest that POSTN may promote cardiomyocyte proliferation through the direct activation of the AKT/ERK/Hippo-Yap pathway. Exosomes released by CPC are an important source of POSTN and may have a potential for promoting cardiac regeneration.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This work has been supported by The Swiss National Science Foundation under grant n° 310030_169194
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Affiliation(s)
- C Balbi
- CardioCentro Ticino, Lugano, Italy
| | - S Bolis
- CardioCentro Ticino, Lugano, Italy
| | - L Barile
- CardioCentro Ticino, Lugano, Italy
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30
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Biemmi V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Cervio E, Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Tallone T, Pedrazzini G, Moccetti T, Longnus SL, Vassalli G, Barile L. P2585Cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction: role of pro-inflammatory extracellular vesicles. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CM), which are replaced by a fibrotic scar. Necrotic CM release damage-associated proteins that stimulate innate immune pathways and macrophages (MΦ) tissue infiltration, which drives to the progression of inflammation and myocardial remodeling process. Both, loss of CM and inflammatory response are determinants of the long term ventricle remodeling and heart failure. Circulating inflammatory extracellular vesicles (EV) play a crucial role in the acute and chronic phases of MI, in terms of inflammatory progression. In this study we examined whether reducing the generation of inflammatory EV within few hours from the ischemic event may ameliorate cardiac outcome at short and long time-point in LAD rat model.
Methods
Before coronary artery ligation, rats were injected IP with a chemical inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) which is essential for the biogenesis and release of EVs. The number and size profile of plasma-derived EV was assessed by NTA analysis at baseline and 24hrs after MI. Multiple EV cytokine levels were simultaneously determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based protein array technology. Heart global function was assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis performed at 7, 14 and 28 days after MI. Cytotoxic effects of circulating EV were evaluated ex-vivo in a Langedorff, system by measuring the level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the perfusate. Mechanisms undergoing cytotoxic effects of EV derived from pro-inflammatory MΦ (MΦM1) were studied in vitro into primary rat neonatal CM.
Results
The induction of MI and the consequent inflammation, dramatically increase the number of circulating EV carrying inflammatory cytokines such as IL1α, ILβ and Rantes. Preventive inhibition nSMase significantly reduced the boost of inflammatory EV and cytokines in treated group as compared to control animals. The reduction of circulating EV post MI results in preserved LV ejection fraction at 7 and 28 days post-MI as compared to control group. Hemodynamic analysis confirmed functional recovery by displaying a higher velocity of LV relaxation and an improved contractility capacity in treated versus control group. The number of infiltrating CD68+ monocytes/macrophages in the infarct area was significantly reduced. Post-MI circulating EV induce cell death in adult CM when added to the perfusate of Langendorff, as assessed by the incresed level of cTnI into media. In vitro MΦM1-EV activated nuclear translocation of NF-kB. Specific inhibition of TLR4 receptor activity abrogated NF-kB translocation and reduced cell death. Indicating that the axis TRL4-NF-kB is essential in EV-mediated CM death.
Conclusions
Systemic inhibition of EV release during the acute phase of MI preserves heart function in an animal model of LAD. These findings suggest detrimental effects of exosomes in the acute phase of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Biemmi
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Svizzera Italiana, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - G Milano
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Svizzera Italiana, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - A Ciullo
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Svizzera Italiana, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - E Cervio
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Svizzera Italiana, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Dei Cas
- University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - R Paroni
- University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - T Tallone
- Foundation for cardiological research and education, Laboratory of cellular and biomedical technology, Taverne, Switzerland
| | - G Pedrazzini
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - T Moccetti
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S L Longnus
- Bern University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Svizzera Italiana, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - L Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Faculty of Biomedicine, University of Svizzera Italiana, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Lugano, Switzerland
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31
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Altomare C, Biemmi V, Torre E, Rocchetti M, Ferrandi M, Pernigoni N, Barile L, Milano G, Vassalli G. P1622Cancer drugs induce functional and structural impairment in adult cardiomyocytes. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The addition of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ErbB2) monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab (TRZ) to Doxorubicin (DOXO) chemotherapy is associated with a synergistic increase in cardiac toxicity. While previous studies have addressed the toxicity of both agents on isolated cardiomyocytes (CMs), little is known regarding this process in vivo, especially with respect to electrophysiological changes.
Purpose
To investigate electrical and structural changes in LV and RV CMs using an in vivo rat model of DOXO/TRZ cardiotoxicity.
Methods
Rats received 6 IP injections of either DOXO or TRZ over a 2-week period, or 6 doses of DOXO followed by 6 doses of TRZ (COMBO), or saline as a control. In-vivo echocardiography was performed. Electrical activity and Ca2+ handling were assessed in LV and RV CMs from rat hearts. Single cell patch-clamp and field stimulation experiments were performed. Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks) were recorded at x100 magnification in line-scan mode (sampling rate 0.7 kHz) from 2 μM Fluo4-AM loaded CMs. To assess T-tubular disarray, CMs were incubated with di-3-ANEPPDHQ and periodic component was quantified by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of confocal microscopy images.
Results
DOXO, and to a greater extent COMBO treatment was associated with significant increases in both LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, and decreases in LVEF and fractional shortening. By contrast, TRZ alone merely increased LV end-systolic volume. Electrophysiological studies showed increases in action potential duration (APD), beat-to-beat variability of repolarization (BVR), delayed after depolarizations (DADs), and Ca2+-sparks in both DOXO and COMBO groups. Stimulated intracellular Ca2+ transients (1,2 and 4 Hz) showed significant changes with respect to time to peak, tau decay, amplitude, and fractional release in the DOXO group. These changes were associated with a significant downregulation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA) expression. From a structural viewpoint, these changes were associated with T-tubular disarray in the DOXO and COMBO groups.
Conclusions
DOXO, and to a greater extent COMBO treatment (but not TRZ alone) cause LV dysfunction in vivo. Moreover, both DOXO and COMBO treatments, but not TRZ alone, induce electrophysiological abnormalities and both structural and functional changes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular mechanisms of CM dysfunction and arrhythmias associated with combined DOXO/TRZ therapy.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Swiss League against Cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- C Altomare
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Biemmi
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - E Torre
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - M Ferrandi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - L Barile
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - G Milano
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
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32
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Pianezzi E, Altomare C, Bolis S, Balbi C, Torre T, Rinaldi A, Camici GG, Barile L, Vassalli G. Role of somatic cell sources in the maturation degree of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1867:118538. [PMID: 31472168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are a unique source of human cardiomyocytes for cardiac disease modeling. Incomplete functional maturation remains a major limitation, however. One of the determinants of iPSC-CM maturation is somatic cell origin. We therefore compared iPSC-CMs derived from different somatic cell sources. METHODS Cardiac-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (CPCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMCs), and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from same patients were reprogrammed into iPSCs and differentiated into iPSC-CMs. Expression of cardiac-specific genes, caffeine-responsive cells, and electrophysiological properties of differentiated cells were analyzed. To assess the contribution of epigenetic memory toward differences in gene expression observed during cardiac differentiation, DNA methylation patterns were determined in the early mesodermal cardiac promoter NKX2-5 and KCNQ1, which encodes for the pore-forming α-subunit of the slow component of delayed-rectifier potassium current (IKs). RESULTS Cardiac genes (MYH6, TNNI3, KCNQ1, KCNE1) were upregulated in CPC-vs. BMC- and HDF-iPSC-CMs. At early differentiation stages, CPC-iPSC-CMs displayed higher numbers of caffeine-responsive cells than BMC- and HDF-iPSC-CMs. The hERG1 (KV11.1) blocker, E4031, followed by the IKs blocker, JNJ303, increased extracellular field potential duration in CPC-iPSC-CMs to a greater extent than in BMC- and HDF-iPSC-CMs. The promoter region of NKX2-5 was more highly methylated in BMCs and HDFs compared to CPCs, and to a lesser extent in BMC-iPSCs compared to CPC-iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that human iPSCs from cardiac somatic cell sources may display enhanced capacity toward cardiac re-differentiation compared to non-cardiac cell sources, and that epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Pianezzi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Torre
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Foundation for Cardiovascular Research and Education (FCRE), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) is the method of choice for semi-quantitative measurement of cell-surface antigen markers. Recently, this technique has been used for phenotypic analyses of extracellular vesicles (EV) including exosomes (Exo) in the peripheral blood and other body fluids. The small size of EV mandates the use of dedicated instruments having a detection threshold around 50-100 nm. Alternatively, EV can be bound to latex microbeads that can be detected by FC. Microbeads, conjugated with antibodies that recognize EV-associated markers/Cluster of Differentiation CD63, CD9, and CD81 can be used for EV capture. Exo isolated from CM can be analyzed with or without pre-enrichment by ultracentrifugation. This approach is suitable for EV analyses using conventional FC instruments. Our results demonstrate a linear correlation between Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) values and EV concentration. Disrupting EV through sonication dramatically decreased MFI, indicating that the method does not detect membrane debris. We report an accurate and reliable method for the analysis of EV surface antigens, which can be easily implemented in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Switzerland; Molecular Cardiology Institute, Dept. of Cardiology, University of Zürich; Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland;
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Switzerland;
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Vassalli G. Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3904645. [PMID: 30733805 PMCID: PMC6348814 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3904645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) and other molecular regulators of cellular function. Over the past decade, high ALDH activity has been increasingly used as a selectable marker for normal cell populations enriched in stem and progenitor cells, as well as for cell populations from cancer tissues enriched in tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Mounting evidence suggests that ALDH not only may be used as a marker for stem cells but also may well regulate cellular functions related to self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and resistance to drugs and radiation. ALDH exerts its functional actions partly through RA biosynthesis, as all-trans RA reverses the functional effects of pharmacological inhibition or genetic suppression of ALDH activity in many cell types in vitro. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the role of ALDH as a stem cell marker comes down to the specific isoform(s) expressed in a particular tissue. Much emphasis has been placed on the ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 members of the ALDH1 family of cytosolic enzymes required for RA biosynthesis. ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 regulate cellular function in both normal stem cells and tumor-initiating stem-like cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to drugs and radiation. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which ALDH regulates cellular function will likely open new avenues in many fields, especially in tissue regeneration and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Andriolo G, Provasi E, Lo Cicero V, Brambilla A, Soncin S, Torre T, Milano G, Biemmi V, Vassalli G, Turchetto L, Barile L, Radrizzani M. Exosomes From Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells for Therapeutic Applications: Development of a GMP-Grade Manufacturing Method. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1169. [PMID: 30197601 PMCID: PMC6117231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, nanosized membrane vesicles secreted by cardiac progenitor cells (Exo-CPC), inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis under stress conditions, promote angiogenesis in vitro, and prevent the early decline in cardiac function after myocardial infarction in vivo in preclinical rat models. The recognition of exosome-mediated effects has moved attempts at developing cell-free approaches for cardiac repair. Such approaches offer major advantages including the fact that exosomes can be stored as ready-to-use agents and delivered to patients with acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present work was the development of a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade method for the large-scale preparation of Exo-CPC as a medicinal product, for a future clinical translation. A GMP-compliant manufacturing method was set up, based on large-scale cell culture in xeno-free conditions, collection of up to 8 l of exosome-containing conditioned medium and isolation of Exo-CPC through tangential flow filtration. Quality control tests were developed and carried out to evaluate safety, identity, and potency of both cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) as cell source and Exo-CPC as final product (GMP-Exo-CPC). CPC, cultured in xeno-free conditions, showed a lower doubling-time than observed in research-grade condition, while producing exosomes with similar features. Cells showed the typical phenotype of mesenchymal progenitor cells (CD73/CD90/CD105 positive, CD14/CD20/CD34/CD45/HLA-DR negative), and expressed mesodermal (TBX5/TBX18) and cardiac-specific (GATA4/MESP1) transcription factors. Purified GMP-Exo-CPC showed the typical nanoparticle tracking analysis profile and expressed main exosome markers (CD9/CD63/CD81/TSG101). The GMP manufacturing method guaranteed high exosome yield (>1013 particles) and consistent removal (≥97%) of contaminating proteins. The resulting GMP-Exo-CPC were tested for safety, purity, identity, and potency in vitro, showing functional anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic activity. The therapeutic efficacy was validated in vivo in rats, where GMP-Exo-CPC ameliorated heart function after myocardial infarction. Our standardized production method and testing strategy for large-scale manufacturing of GMP-Exo-CPC open new perspectives for reliable human therapeutic applications for acute myocardial infarction syndrome and can be easily applied to other cell sources for different therapeutic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Andriolo
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Provasi
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Lo Cicero
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Brambilla
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Soncin
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Torre
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Heart and Vessels, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Division of Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Turchetto
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marina Radrizzani
- Lugano Cell Factory, Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland
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36
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Secco I, Barile L, Torrini C, Zentilin L, Vassalli G, Giacca M, Collesi C. Notch pathway activation enhances cardiosphere in vitro expansion. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5583-5595. [PMID: 30138533 PMCID: PMC6201224 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiospheres (CSps) are self‐assembling clusters of a heterogeneous population of poorly differentiated cells outgrowing from in vitro cultured cardiac explants. Scanty information is available on the molecular pathways regulating CSp growth and their differentiation potential towards cardiac and vascular lineages. Here we report that Notch1 stimulates a massive increase in both CSp number and size, inducing a peculiar gene expression programme leading to a cardiovascular molecular signature. These effects were further enhanced using Adeno‐Associated Virus (AAV)‐based gene transfer of activated Notch1‐intracellular domain (N1‐ICD) or soluble‐Jagged1 (sJ1) ligand to CSp‐forming cells. A peculiar effect was exploited by selected pro‐proliferating miRNAs: hsa‐miR‐590‐3p induced a cardiovascular gene expression programme, while hsa‐miR‐199a‐3p acted as the most potent stimulus for the activation of the Notch pathway, thus showing that, unlike in adult cardiomyocytes, these miRNAs involve Notch signalling activation in CSps. Our results identify Notch1 as a crucial regulator of CSp growth and differentiation along the vascular lineage, raising the attracting possibility that forced activation of this pathway might be exploited to promote in vitro CSp expansion as a tool for toxicology screening and cell‐free therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Secco
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucio Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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37
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Barile L, Biemmi V, Ciullo A, Torre T, Demerzis S, Mauri P, Lionetti V, Cervio E, Milano G, Moccetti T, Vassalli G. P4224Superior exosome-mediated paracrine effects of cardiac progenitor cells compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the same patient for cardiac repair. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Biemmi
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - A Ciullo
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - T Torre
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Demerzis
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - P Mauri
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Lionetti
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - E Cervio
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - G Milano
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - T Moccetti
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - G Vassalli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland
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38
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Puttini S, Plaisance I, Barile L, Cervio E, Milano G, Marcato P, Pedrazzini T, Vassalli G. ALDH1A3 Is the Key Isoform That Contributes to Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity and Affects in Vitro Proliferation in Cardiac Atrial Appendage Progenitor Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 30087899 PMCID: PMC6066537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhi) activity has been reported in normal and cancer stem cells. We and others have shown previously that human ALDHhi cardiac atrial appendage cells are enriched with stem/progenitor cells. The role of ALDH in these cells is poorly understood but it may come down to the specific ALDH isoform(s) expressed. This study aimed to compare ALDHhi and ALDHlo atrial cells and to identify the isoform(s) that contribute to ALDH activity, and their functional role. Methods and Results: Cells were isolated from atrial appendage specimens from patients with ischemic and/or valvular heart disease undergoing heart surgery. ALDHhi activity assessed with the Aldefluor reagent coincided with primitive surface marker expression (CD34+). Depending on their ALDH activity, RT-PCR analysis of ALDHhi and ALDHlo cells demonstrated a differential pattern of pluripotency genes (Oct 4, Nanog) and genes for more established cardiac lineages (Nkx2.5, Tbx5, Mef2c, GATA4). ALDHhi cells, but not ALDHlo cells, formed clones and were culture-expanded. When cultured under cardiac differentiation conditions, ALDHhi cells gave rise to a higher number of cardiomyocytes compared with ALDHlo cells. Among 19 ALDH isoforms known in human, ALDH1A3 was most highly expressed in ALDHhi atrial cells. Knocking down ALDH1A3, but not ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH2, ALDH4A1, or ALDH8A1 using siRNA decreased ALDH activity and cell proliferation in ALDHhi cells. Conversely, overexpressing ALDH1A3 with a retroviral vector increased proliferation in ALDHlo cells. Conclusions: ALDH1A3 is the key isoform responsible for ALDH activity in ALDHhi atrial appendage cells, which have a propensity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. ALDH1A3 affects in vitro proliferation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Puttini
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Plaisance
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paola Marcato
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cardiovascular Department, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
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39
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Altomare C, Biemmi V, Pernigoni N, Ciullo A, Pianezzi E, Barile L, Vassalli G, Milano G. Electrical abnormalities and sarcolemmal T-tubular disarray of cardiomyocytes induced by Doxorubicin vs. Trastuzumab chemotherapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin which have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication. All major cardiac cell types-including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts-release exosomes that modulate cellular functions. Exosomes released from human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are cardioprotective and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction to an extent comparable with that achieved by their parent cells. Cardiac progenitor cell-derived exosomes are enriched in cardioprotective microRNAs, particularly miR-146a-3p. Circulating exosomes mediate remote ischaemic preconditioning. Moreover, they currently are being investigated as diagnostic markers. The discovery that cell-derived extracellular signalling organelles mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells suggests that cell-free strategies could supplant cell transplantation. This review discusses emerging roles of exosomes in cardiovascular physiology, with a focus on cardioprotective activities of CPC-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland.,University of Lausanne Medical Center, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
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41
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Barile L, Cervio E, Lionetti V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Biemmi V, Bolis S, Altomare C, Matteucci M, Di Silvestre D, Brambilla F, Fertig TE, Torre T, Demertzis S, Mauri P, Moccetti T, Vassalli G. Cardioprotection by cardiac progenitor cell-secreted exosomes: role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Altomare
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marco Matteucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna and UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Torre
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefanos Demertzis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), via Tesserete 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Heart and Vessels Department, CHUV-University of Lausanne Medical Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Alghisi G, Bamat J, Ponsonnet L, Bieler G, Bonnard C, Hasmim M, Vassalli G, Paroz C, Oguey D, Rüegg C. Expressed isolated integrin β1 subunit cytodomain induces endothelial cell death secondary to detachment. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1160/th05-02-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryExpression of isolated β integrin cytoplasmic domains in cultured endothelial cells was reported to induce cell detachment and death. To test whether cell death was the cause or the consequence of cell detachment, we expressed isolated integrin β1 cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (CH1) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and monitored detachment, viability, caspase activation and signaling. CH1 expression induced dose-dependent cell detachment. At 24 h over 90% of CH1-expressing HUVEC were detached but largely viable (>85%). No evidence of pro-caspase-8, –3, and PARP cleavage or suppression of phosphorylation of ERK, PKB and Iκ-B was observed. The caspase inhibitor z-VAD did not prevent cell detachment. At 48 h, however, CH1-expressing cells were over 50% dead. As a comparison trypsin-mediated detachment resulted in a time-dependent cell death, paralleled by caspase-3 activation and suppression of ERK, PKB and Iκ-B phosphoyrylation at 24 h or later after detachment. HUVEC stimulation with agents that strengthen integrin-mediated adhesion (i.e.PMA, the Src inhibitor PP2 and COMP-Ang1) did not prevent CH1-induced detachment. Expression of CH1 in rat carotid artery endothelial cells in vivo caused endothelial cell detachment and increased nuclear DNA fragmentation among detached cells. A construct lacking the integrin cytoplasmic domain (CH2) had no effect on adhesion and cell viability in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that isolated β1 cytoplasmic domain expression induces caspase-independent detachment of viable endothelial cells and that death is secondary to detachment (i.e. anoikis). They also reveal an essential role for integrins in the adhesion and survival of quiescent endothelial cells in vivo.
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Obregon C, Kumar R, Pascual MA, Vassalli G, Golshayan D. Update on Dendritic Cell-Induced Immunological and Clinical Tolerance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1514. [PMID: 29250057 PMCID: PMC5715373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) as highly efficient antigen-presenting cells are at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. As such, they are key mediators of immunity and antigen-specific immune tolerance. Due to their functional specialization, research efforts have focused on the characterization of DCs subsets involved in the initiation of immunogenic responses and in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs)-based therapies have been designed as promising strategies to prevent and control autoimmune diseases as well as allograft rejection after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Despite successful experimental studies and ongoing phase I/II clinical trials using autologous tolDCs in patients with type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and in SOT recipients, additional basic research will be required to determine the optimal DC subset(s) and conditioning regimens for tolDCs-based treatments in vivo. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of human DCs and recent advances in their classification, as well as the role of DCs in immune regulation and their susceptibility to in vitro or in vivo manipulation for the development of tolerogenic therapies, with a focus on the potential of tolDCs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the prevention of allograft rejection after SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Obregon
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Antonio Pascual
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Transplantation Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Département coeur-vaisseaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Swiss Institute of Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Department of Medicine, Transplantation Centre and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Service of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Transplantation Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Barile L, Milano G, Vassalli G. Beneficial effects of exosomes secreted by cardiac-derived progenitor cells and other cell types in myocardial ischemia. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:93. [PMID: 29270419 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When injected into acutely infarcted rodent or pig hearts, naturally secreted nanovesicles known as exosomes from cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CPCs) reduce scar size and improve cardiac function. In this regard, exosomes fully mimic the benefits of injecting their parent cells. This recognition paves the way to the development of exosome-based, cell-free treatments for heart disease that could possibly supplant cell-based therapies. Mechanisms of benefit of these vesicles are incompletely understood but cytoprotection, stimulation of angiogenesis, induction of antifibrotic cardiac fibroblasts, and modulation of M1/M2 polarization of macrophages infiltrating the infarcted region can all play important roles. Accordingly, the beneficial molecules carried by CPC-secreted exosomes have been identified only in part but cytoprotective and proangiogenic microRNAs (miRNA) and proteins have been described. Besides CPC-secreted exosomes, vesicles released from other cell types including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iSPCs) have also been associated with cardioprotection. This review aims to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of secreted vesicles in cardiac repair, with a focus on CPC-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM) and Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM) and Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Heart and Vessel Department, CHUV University of Lausanne Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM) and Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Heart and Vessel Department, CHUV University of Lausanne Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Altomare C, Pianezzi E, Cervio E, Bolis S, Biemmi V, Benzoni P, Camici GG, Moccetti T, Barile L, Vassalli G. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from cardiac progenitor cells: effects of selective ion channel blockade. Europace 2017; 18:iv67-iv76. [PMID: 28011833 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are likely to revolutionize electrophysiological approaches to arrhythmias. Recent evidence suggests the somatic cell origin of hiPSCs may influence their differentiation potential. Owing to their cardiomyogenic potential, cardiac-stromal progenitor cells (CPCs) are an interesting cellular source for generation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. The effect of ionic current blockade in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated from CPCs has not been characterized yet. METHODS AND RESULTS Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were generated from adult CPCs and skin fibroblasts from the same individuals. The effect of selective ionic current blockade on spontaneously beating hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes was assessed using multi-electrode arrays. Cardiac-stromal progenitor cells could be reprogrammed into hiPSCs, then differentiated into hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes of cardiac origin showed higher upregulation of cardiac-specific genes compared with those of fibroblastic origin. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes of both somatic cell origins exhibited sensitivity to tetrodotoxin, a blocker of Na+ current (INa), nifedipine, a blocker of L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL), and E4031, a blocker of the rapid component of delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes of cardiac origin exhibited sensitivity to JNJ303, a blocker of the slow component of delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs). CONCLUSION In hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes of cardiac origin, INa, ICaL, IKr, and IKs were present as tetrodotoxin-, nifedipine-, E4031-, and JNJ303-sensitive currents, respectively. Although cardiac differentiation efficiency was improved in hiPSCs of cardiac vs. non-cardiac origin, no major functional differences were observed between hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes of different somatic cell origins. Further studies are warranted to characterize electrophysiological properties of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated from CPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Altomare
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Enea Pianezzi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cervio
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Biemmi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Benzoni
- Fibroblast Reprogramming Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Moccetti
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), 6807 Taverne Switzerland and Cardiocentro Ticino, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical Center (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ciullo A, Biemmi V, Milano G, Cervio E, Torre T, Demertzis S, Moccetti T, Camici G, Vassalli G, Barile L. P2566Exosomes secreted from CXCR4 overexpressing cardiac progenitor cells exhibit enhanced internalization by cardiomyocytes and cytoprotective activity. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Favre S, Ginet V, Puyal J, Nigro P, Barile L, Biemmi V, Vassalli G, Pompilio G, Von Segesser L, Samaja M, Milano G. P763Chronic hypoxia selectively impairs autophagy in the right ventricle in a model of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Virtually all cells in the organism secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles that transport and deliver payloads of proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells, thus playing central roles in cell-cell communications. Exosomes, nanosized EVs of endosomal origin, regulate many pathophysiological processes including immune responses and inflammation, tumour growth, and infection. Healthy subjects and patients with different diseases release exosomes with different RNA and protein contents into the circulation, which can be measured as biomarkers. The discovery of exosomes as natural carriers of functional small RNA and proteins has raised great interest in the drug delivery field, as it may be possible to harness these vesicles for therapeutic delivery of miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, lncRNA, peptides, and synthetic drugs. However, systemically delivered exosomes accumulate in liver, kidney, and spleen. Targeted exosomes can be obtained by displaying targeting molecules, such as peptides or antibody fragments recognizing target antigens, on the outer surface of exosomes. Display of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored nanobodies on EVs is a novel technique that enables EV display of a variety of proteins including antibodies, reporter proteins, and signaling molecules. However, naturally secreted exosomes show limited pharmaceutical acceptability. Engineered exosome mimetics that incorporate desirable components of natural exosomes into synthetic liposomes or nanoparticles, and are assembled using controllable procedures may be more acceptable pharmaceutically. In this communication, we review the current understanding of physiological and pathophysiological roles of exosomes, their potential applications as diagnostic markers, and current efforts to develop improved exosome-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM), Taverne, Switzerland; Dept. of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Favre S, Gambini E, Nigro P, Scopece A, Bianciardi P, Caretti A, Pompilio G, Corno AF, Vassalli G, von Segesser LK, Samaja M, Milano G. Sildenafil attenuates hypoxic pulmonary remodelling by inhibiting bone marrow progenitor cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:871-880. [PMID: 27860185 PMCID: PMC5387166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells to the lung is related to pulmonary remodelling and the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although sildenafil is a known target in PH treatment, the underlying molecular mechanism is still elusive. To test the hypothesis that the therapeutic effect of sildenafil is linked to the reduced recruitment of BM-derived progenitor cells, we induced pulmonary remodelling in rats by two-week exposure to chronic hypoxia (CH, 10% oxygen), a trigger of BM-derived progenitor cells. Rats were treated with either placebo (saline) or sildenafil (1.4 mg/kg/day ip) during CH. Control rats were kept in room air (21% oxygen) with no treatment. As expected, sildenafil attenuated the CH-induced increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. However, sildenafil suppressed the CH-induced increase in c-kit+ cells in the adventitia of pulmonary arteries. Moreover, sildenafil reduced the number of c-kit+ cells that colocalize with tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and CD68 (a marker for macrophages), indicating a positive effect on moderating hypoxia-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation without affecting the pulmonary levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Furthermore, sildenafil depressed the number of CXCR4+ cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that the improvement in pulmonary haemodynamic by sildenafil is linked to decreased recruitment of BM-derived c-kit+ cells in the pulmonary tissue. The attenuation of the recruitment of BM-derived c-kit+ cells by sildenafil may provide novel therapeutic insights into the control of pulmonary remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Favre
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caretti
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Departments of Cardiology and Heart Surgery, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Barile L, Beltrami C, Georgescu A, Cervio E, Lionetti V, Milano G, Ciullo A, Altomare C, Torre T, Demertzis S, Moccetti T, Mauri P, Vassalli G, Shantikumar S, Laftha A, Besnier M, Rajakaruna C, Shearn A, Angelini GD, Emanueli C, Alexandru N, Andrei E, Dragan E, Safciuc F, Daraban AM, Badila E. Microparticles: Induced Exosomes in Cardiovascular Pathology255Exosomes from human cardiac-resident progenitor cells are more cardioprotective than exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via a pregnancy-associated plasma protein-a-dependent mechanism256The human pericardial fluid is enriched with cardiovascular-expressed microRNAs and exosomes with therapeutic potential257Circulating microparticles of healthy origins protect against atherosclerotic vascular disease via microRNA transfer to endothelial progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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