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Ma S, Liu J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao R. In ovo betaine injection improves breast muscle growth in newly hatched goslings through FXR/IGF-2 pathway. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104075. [PMID: 39094501 PMCID: PMC11345595 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Betaine has been shown to enhance growth performance and increase breast muscle yield in ducks and broilers through various mechanisms, including the modification of DNA methylation. However, the impact of in ovo betaine injection on muscle growth in newly hatched goslings remains unclear. In this study, fifty eggs were injected with saline or betaine at 7.5 mg/egg prior to incubation, and the subsequent effects on breast muscle growth in the newly hatched goslings were investigated. Betaine significantly increased (P < 0.05) the hatch weight, breast muscle weight, and breast muscle index, accompanied by an augmentation in muscle bundle cross-sectional area. Concurrently, betaine significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, including myogenin (MyoG) and paired box 7 (Pax7) both mRNA and protein, while downregulating (P < 0.05) the mRNA and protein levels of myostatin (MSTN). Histological analysis revealed a higher abundance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Pax7 immune-positive cells in the breast muscle of the betaine group, consistent with elevated PCNA and Pax7 mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, significantly increased (P < 0.05) contents of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) were observed in the breast muscle of the betaine group, so was mRNA expression of IGF-1, IGF-2, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Betaine also significantly in8creased (P < 0.05) global DNA methylation of the breast muscle, accompanied by enhanced mRNA and protein levels of methionine cycle and DNA methylation-related enzymes, Interestingly, the promoter regions of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF-1R genes were significantly hypomethylated (P < 0.05). Moreover, in ovo betaine injection significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the protein level of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in breast muscle and FXR binding to the promoter of IGF-2 gene. These findings suggest that in ovo betaine injection promotes breast muscle growth during embryonic development in goslings through the FXR-mediated IGF-2 pathway, ultimately improving hatch weight and breast muscle weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China; National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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2
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Yue 岳珂 K, Cao 曹芹芹 QQ, Shaukat A, Zhang 张才 C, Huang 黄淑成 SC. Insights into the evaluation, influential factors and improvement strategies for poultry meat quality: a review. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:62. [PMID: 39251637 PMCID: PMC11385947 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat, an essential source of animal protein, requires stringent safety and quality measures to address public health concerns and growing international attention. This review examines both direct and indirect factors that compromise poultry meat quality in intensive farming systems. It highlights the integration of rapid and micro-testing with traditional methods to assess meat safety. The paper advocates for adopting probiotics, prebiotics, and plant extracts to improve poultry meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yue 岳珂
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Qin-Qin Cao 曹芹芹
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cai Zhang 张才
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Huang 黄淑成
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Gao T, Chen Y. Effects of thyroid hormone on monochromatic light combinations mediate skeletal muscle fiber pattern in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103999. [PMID: 39013299 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that monochromatic green light and blue light promote skeletal muscle development in early (P0-P26) and later growth stages (P27-P42), respectively. This study further investigated the effects of monochromatic light combinations on myogenesis and myofiber types transformation in broilers. Here, a total of 252 chicks were exposed to monochromatic light [red (R), green (G), blue (B), or white light (W)], and monochromatic light combination [green and blue light combination (GB), blue and green light combination (BG), red and blue combination (RB)] until P42. Compared with other groups, GB significantly increased body weight, and muscle organ index, both proportions of larger-size myofibers and oxidative myofibers in the pectoralis major (PM) and gastrocnemius muscle (GAS). Meanwhile, GB up-regulated the abundance of oxidative genes MYH7B and MYH1B, transcription factors PAX7 and Myf5, antioxidant proteins Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX4, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx, and T-AOC, but down-regulated the abundance of glycolytic related genes MYH 1A, MyoD, MyoG, Mstn, Keap1, TNFa, and MDA levels. Consistent with the change of myofiber pattern, GB significantly reduced serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels, up-regulated skeletal muscle deiodinase DIO3 expression and down-regulated deiodinase DIO2 expression, which may directly lead to the reduction of intramuscular TH levels to affect myofiber types transformation. In contrast, the proportion of fast glycolytic muscle fibers increased in the RR with increasing TH levels. After thyroidectomy, the above parameters were inversed and resulted in no significant difference of each color light treatment group. These data suggested that GB significantly increased the proportion of oxidative muscle fibers and antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle of broilers, which was regulated by TH-DIO2/DIO3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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4
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Li X, McLean N, MacIsaac J, Martynenko A, Rathgeber B. Effect of photoperiod during incubation on embryonic temperature, hatch traits and performance of two commercial broiler strains. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102632. [PMID: 37031587 PMCID: PMC10120375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Provision of light during incubation has shown the potential to enhance hatching traits and affect posthatch productivity, physiology, and behavior. In this study, 2 repeated trials were conducted to investigate the effect of photoperiod and strain on the embryo temperature, hatching traits and posthatch growth performance of 2 commercial strains of broilers (Ross 308 and Cobb 500). In each trial, hatching eggs were randomly distributed into 6 incubators with 3 photoperiod treatments: blue LED light for 12 h d-1 (12L:12D) or 18 h d-1 (18L:6D) during entire incubation were compared with no illumination condition (DARK). Data were analyzed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with the trial as the blocking factor. Embryos incubated under 12L:12D and 18L:6D had lower air cell temperature (P < 0.05) than the DARK embryos from d 13 of incubation onward except on the day of candling. The response of air cell temperature to periodic illumination differed between 2 strains. Cobb embryos had lower air cell temperature in 12L:12D than those incubated with 18L:6D from d 16 of incubation onward, whereas lower air cell temperature was found in Ross embryos when illuminated with 18L:6D photoperiod compared to those under 12L:12D. The 12L:12D treatment was associated with improved (P < 0.05) navel closure condition of hatchlings. There were no differences in hatchability, embryo mortality, body weight, or length at hatch among photoperiod groups or its combination with strain. No differences in production parameters were found between DARK and illuminated groups. However, 12L:12D had heavier (P < 0.05) body weight on d 14 of age and higher (P < 0.05) body weight gain than 18L:6D from d 7 to 14 of age. The results of this study indicate that providing blue LED light up to 18 h d-1 has no detrimental effect on production of broilers, however, 12L:12D light regime improved chick quality at hatch compared to DARK and resulted in heavier birds by d 14 compared to 18L:6D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Li
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Nancy McLean
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Janice MacIsaac
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Alex Martynenko
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Bruce Rathgeber
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Yang Y, Xu P, Liu J, Zhao M, Cong W, Han W, Wang D, Zhao R. Constant light exposure in early life induces m 6A-mediated inhibition of IGF gene family in the chicken. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6596166. [PMID: 35641104 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family plays important roles in regulating the development of various organ systems through stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Photoperiod is an important factor affecting growth and development in the chicken, yet the effect of constant light exposure in early life on IGF1 and IGF2 expression in the chicken remains unclear. In this study, one-day-old chickens were kept in either constant light (24L:0D, LL) or natural photoperiod (12L:12D, LD) for the first week of life and then maintained in constant light from 8 d to 21 d of age. Constant light exposure in early life reduced mRNA expression of IGF gene family, including mRNA expression of IGF1, IGF2 and IGF2 binding proteins (IGF2BPs), in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and liver of chickens at both 7 d and 21 d of age. Moreover, constant light exposure increased mRNA expression of genes involved in RNA methylation N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) in a tissue-specific manner. Interestingly, higher m 6A on 3'UTR of IGF2 mRNA coincides with lower IGF2 mRNA, indicating a possible role of m 6A in the post-transcriptional regulation of IGF2 expression in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and liver of chickens. These findings suggest a m 6A-mediated gene regulation of IGF gene family in different organs of chicken and expand our knowledge on mechanism of gene regulation in response to early life experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Peirong Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mindie Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Han
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Deyun Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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6
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Tainika B, Bayraktar ÖH. Lighted incubation: embryonic development, hatchability and hatching quality of broiler chicks. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.1988806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tainika
- Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Ayhan Şahenk Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Özer Hakan Bayraktar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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7
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Qin X, Liu X, Yan X, Long M, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Cao J. Melatonin mediates monochromatic light-induced expression of somatostatin in the hypothalamus and pituitary of chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101285. [PMID: 34229215 PMCID: PMC8261012 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) plays an important role in regulating growth and development of organisms and the cellular metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the role of MEL in mediating monochromatic light-induced secretion of somatostatin (SST) in the hypothalamus and pituitary in chicks. Pinealectomy models of newly hatched broilers were exposed to white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), and blue (BL) lights. The results showed that SST immunoreactive neurons and fibers were distributed in the hypothalamus. SST and SST receptor 2 (SSTR2) mRNA and protein levels in the hypothalamus and pituitary were higher in chicks exposed to RL than in chicks exposed to GL and BL. However, after pinealectomy, the mRNA and protein levels of SST and SSTR2 in the hypothalamus and pituitary in the different light groups were increased, and the differences between the groups disapeared. The expression trend of SSTR5 mRNA in the pituitary was the idential to that of SSTR2 mRNA in the pituitary. In vitro, exogenous SST inhibited growth hormone (GH) secretion, and selective antogonists of SSTR2 and SSTR5 promoted GH secretion. Selective antogonists of the melatonin receptor 1b (Mel1b) and Mel1c increased the relative concentrations of SST in the adenohypophysis cells. These results indicated that monochromatic light affects the expression of SST in chick hypothalamus and pituitary. MEL, via Mel1b and Mel1c, decreased SST secretion under GL, which was associated with the inhibition of SST, SSTR2, and SSTR5 in adenohypophysis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingyue Yan
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Long
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Ibrahim MMA, Nelson JR, Archer GS, Athrey G. Effects of Monochromatic Lighting During Incubation and Vaccination on the Splenic Transcriptome Profiles of Chicken. Front Genet 2021; 12:628041. [PMID: 34093639 PMCID: PMC8173116 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.628041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lighting is a crucial environmental variable in poultry operations, but illumination during incubation is relatively understudied. The ability to stimulate development or immune performance using in ovo lighting is a promising approach for improving poultry health and welfare. This study investigated how monochromatic green light during incubation and vaccination method and timing affected chicken splenic gene expression patterns. We performed this study with 1,728 Hy-Line white layer eggs incubated under two light treatments during incubation: continuous dark and continuous green monochromatic light, over the entire incubation period. Half the eggs in each light treatment received in ovo vaccination, applied on embryonic day 18 (ED18). The remaining half were vaccinated by spraying on hatch day. After hatching, the light treatments followed the industry-standard lighting regimens. The study had six treatment groups with light-dark pairs for non-vaccinated, in ovo vaccinated, and post-hatch vaccinated. We assessed splenic gene expression at ED18 and at 7 days post-hatch (PH) in all the treatments. We isolated and sequenced 24 mRNA libraries on the Illumina platform, followed by bioinformatics and differential gene expression analyses. RNAseq analysis showed between 62 and 6,755 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between comparisons, with the most prominent differences observed between ED and PH samples, followed by comparisons between vaccination methods. In contrast, light vs. dark treatments at ED showed limited effects on transcriptomic profiles. However, we observed a synergistic effect of lighting during incubation on post-hatch vaccination responses, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) unique to the light treatment showing stimulation of cell proliferation with significance for immune activity (inferred from gene ontology terms). Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated biological processes like cellular component organization or biogenesis, rhythmic process, developmental process, response to stimulus, and immune system processes were explained by the DEGs. While lighting is an important source of circadian stimulation, other controlled studies are required to clarify whether in ovo circadian entrainment plays a role in modulating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. A. Ibrahim
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jill R. Nelson
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gregory S. Archer
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Giridhar Athrey
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Faculty of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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9
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A Green and Blue Monochromatic Light Combination Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress and Enhances B-Lymphocyte Proliferation through Promoting Melatonin Secretion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5595376. [PMID: 33828639 PMCID: PMC8004379 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Artificial illumination may interfere with biological rhythms and distort physiological homeostasis in avian. Our previous study demonstrated that 660 nm red light exacerbates oxidative stress, but a combination of green and blue lights (G→B) can improve the antibody titer in chickens compared with single monochromatic light. Melatonin acts as an antioxidant which is a critical signaling to the coordination between external light stimulation and the cellular response from the body. This study further clarifies the potential role of melatonin in monochromatic light combination-induced bursa B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. A total of 192 chicks were exposed to a single monochromatic light (red (R), green (G), blue (B), or white (W) lights) or various monochromatic light combinations (B→G, G→B, and R→B) from P0 to P42. We used qRT-PCR, MTT, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and Elisa to explore the effect of a combination of monochromatic light on bursa B-lymphocytes and its intracellular signal pathways. With consistency in the upregulation in melatonin level of plasma and antioxidant enzyme ability, we observed increases in organ index, follicle area, lymphocyte density, B-lymphocyte proliferation, PCNA-positive cells, and cyclin D1 expression in bursa of the G→B group compared with other light-treated groups. Melatonin bound to Mel1a and Mel1c and upregulated p-AKT, p-PKC, and p-ERK expression, thereby activating PI3K/AKT and PKC/ERK signaling and inducing B-lymphocyte proliferation. Overall, these findings suggested that melatonin modulates a combination of green and blue light-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation in chickens by reducing oxidative stress and activating the Mel1a/PI3K/AKT and Mel1c/PKC/ERK pathways.
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Dishon L, Avital-Cohen N, Zaguri S, Bartman J, Heiblum R, Druyan S, Porter TE, Gumulka M, Rozenboim I. In ovo green light photostimulation during the late incubation stage affects somatotropic axis activity. Poult Sci 2020; 100:467-473. [PMID: 33518098 PMCID: PMC7858043 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted green light photostimulation during the last stage of broiler incubation increases expression of the somatotropic axis. The purpose of this study was to further shorten the in ovo green light photostimulation and determine the critical age for photostimulation in broilers embryos, as a future strategy for broiler incubation. Fertile broilers eggs (n = 420) were divided into 5 treatment groups. The first group was incubated under standard conditions (in the dark) as the negative control group. The second was incubated under intermittent monochromatic green light using light-emitting diode lamps with an intensity of 0.1 W/m2 at shell level from embryonic day (ED) 0 of incubation until hatch, as a positive control. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were incubated under intermittent monochromatic green light from ED 15, 16, and 18 of incubation, respectively, until hatch. All treatment groups showed elevated somatotropic axis expression compared with the negative control, with the group incubated under monochromatic green light from ED 18 until hatch showing results closest to the positive control. This suggests that broiler embryos can be exposed to in ovo green light photostimulation from a late stage of incubation (when transferring the eggs to the hatchery) and exhibit essentially the same outcome as obtained by photostimulation during the entire incubation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dishon
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - N Avital-Cohen
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S Zaguri
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J Bartman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - R Heiblum
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S Druyan
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - T E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
| | - M Gumulka
- Department of Swine and Small Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Rozenboim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Melatonin mediates monochromatic green light-induced satellite cell proliferation and muscle growth in chick embryo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216392. [PMID: 31059537 PMCID: PMC6502336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Green light penetrates the skull and has directly affected on the secretion of melatonin in plasma, which regulates the endocrine activities to influence the muscle growth, satellite cell mitotic activity and quality properties of meat from the embryonic period to posthatch in chick. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 6–38 (PACAP6-38) could inhibit the synthesis and secretion of pineal melatonin. Finding a new way for exploring the mechanism of light-regulated muscle growth in ovo is essential for promoting the productive performance in poultry. Methods Chick embryos were exposed to darkness (D-group) and green light (G-group) throughout the embryonic period, and injected with PACAP6-38 or saline at embryonic day 8. Plasma hormone, skeletal muscle fiber areas, satellite cell proliferation activity, paired domain homeobox transcription factor 7 and myogenic regulatory factors were observed. Results By saline treatment, the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactive cells and mitotic activity of satellite cells in skeletal muscle were higher in G-group than those of in D-group at post-hatching day 0. With the increase of plasma melatonin, green light promoted the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin like factor 1 (IGF-1) in plasma, the satellite cell proliferation, the size of muscle fiber, as well as the mRNA expressions of Pax7, myogenic regulatory factors and IGF-1R. After PACAP6-38 treatment to inhibit the secretion of melatonin in ovo, aforementioned parameters were remarkably decreased and the difference of these parameters was disappeared between D-group and G-group. Conclusion These data indicated that stimulation with monochromatic green light during incubation enhanced the secretion of melatonin and up-regulation of GH-IGF-1 axis to activate the satellite cells proliferation and myofiber formation, involving the expression of Pax7 and myogenic regulatory factors.
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Mel1c Mediated Monochromatic Light-Stimulated IGF-I Synthesis through the Intracellular G αq/PKC/ERK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071682. [PMID: 30987295 PMCID: PMC6480035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that monochromatic light affects plasma melatonin (MEL) levels, which in turn regulates hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion via the Mel1c receptor. However, the intracellular signaling pathway initiated by Mel1c remains unclear. In this study, newly hatched broilers, including intact, sham operation, and pinealectomy groups, were exposed to either white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), or blue (BL) light for 14 days. Experiments in vivo showed that GL significantly promoted plasma MEL formation, which was accompanied by an increase in the MEL receptor, Mel1c, as well as phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2), and IGF-I expression in the liver, compared to the other light-treated groups. In contrast, this GL stimulation was attenuated by pinealectomy. Exogenous MEL elevated the hepatocellular IGF-I level, which is consistent with increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Gαq, phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), and p-ERK1/2 expression. However, the Mel1c selective antagonist prazosin suppressed the MEL-induced expression of IGF-I, Gαq, p-PKC, and p-ERK1/2, while the cAMP concentration was barely affected. In addition, pretreatment with Ym254890 (a Gαq inhibitor), Go9863 (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) markedly attenuated MEL-stimulated IGF-I expression and p-ERK1/2 activity. These results indicate that Mel1c mediates monochromatic GL-stimulated IGF-I synthesis through intracellular Gαq/PKC/ERK signaling.
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Wang Y, Bai X, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Dong Y, Chen Y. Various LED Wavelengths Affected Myofiber Development and Satellite Cell Proliferation of Chick Embryos via the IGF-1 Signaling Pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1492-1501. [PMID: 28708285 DOI: 10.1111/php.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An effect of monochromatic light illumination on muscle mass has been discovered in chickens; however, its effect on the development of embryonic muscle remains unclear. Our previous studies demonstrated that monochromatic green light promoted satellite cell proliferation and muscle growth in posthatching broilers. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of monochromatic light exposure on muscle development in late embryogenesis. Seven hundred and fifty fertile broiler eggs were randomly assigned to blue (B-group), green (G-group), red (R-group), white (W-group) lights or darkness (D-group) throughout the incubation period. The muscle weight and fiber size were highest in the G-group compared to the other groups during embryonic days (E) 17 to E20. The proliferation of satellite cells isolated from the G-group was highest, and in vivo green light remarkably increased the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, plasma IGF-1 was higher (15.5-16.2%) in the G-group than that in D- and R-groups, and the satellite cells isolated from the G-group had a more sensitive response to IGF-1. These findings demonstrate green monochromatic photobiomodulation promoted the muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation was related to the IGF-1 signaling pathway in late embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bai
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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