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Li Y, Yun H, Chen R, Jiao N, Zheng Q, Yang Y, Zhang R. Characterization of a Vibriophage Infecting Pathogenic Vibrio harveyi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16202. [PMID: 38003392 PMCID: PMC10671443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diseases caused by Vibrio spp. are prevalent in aquaculture and can lead to high mortality rates among aquatic species and significant economic losses. With the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant Vibrio strains, phage therapy is being explored as a potential alternative to antibiotics for biocontrol of infectious diseases. Here, a new lytic phage named vB_VhaS_R21Y (R21Y) was isolated against Vibrio harveyi BVH1 obtained from seawater from a scallop-farming area in Rongcheng, China. Its morphology, infection cycle, lytic profile, phage stability, and genetic features were characterized. Transmission electronic microscopy indicated that R21Y is siphovirus-like, comprising an icosahedral head (diameter 73.31 ± 2.09 nm) and long noncontractile tail (205.55 ± 0.75 nm). In a one-step growth experiment, R21Y had a 40-min latent period and a burst size of 35 phage particles per infected cell. R21Y was highly species-specific in the host range test and was relatively stable at pH 4-10 and 4-55 °C. Genomic analysis showed that R21Y is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome size of 82,795 bp and GC content of 47.48%. Its high tolerance and lytic activity indicated that R21Y may be a candidate for phage therapy in controlling vibriosis in aquacultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.C.); (N.J.); (Q.Z.)
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Huayi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.C.); (N.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ruo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.C.); (N.J.); (Q.Z.)
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.C.); (N.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (R.C.); (N.J.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yunlan Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
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Cai L, Tian Y, Li Z, Yang Y, Ai C, Zhang R. A broad-host-range lytic phage vB_VhaS-R18L as a candidate against vibriosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191157. [PMID: 37333633 PMCID: PMC10272388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibriosis is one of the most common bacterial diseases that cause high rates of mortality and considerable economic losses in aquaculture. Phage therapy has been considered as a promising alternative method to antibiotics in the biocontrol of infectious diseases. Genome sequencing and characterization of the phage candidates are prerequisites before field applications to ensure environmental safety. In this study, a lytic phage, named vB_VhaS-R18L (R18L), was isolated from the coastal seawater of Dongshan Island, China. The phage was characterized in terms of morphology, genetic content, infection kinetics, lytic profile, and virion stability. Transmission electronic microscopy indicated that R18L is siphovirus-like, comprising an icosahedral head (diameter 88.6 ± 2.2 nm) and a long noncontractile tail (225 × 11 nm). Genome analysis indicated R18L to be a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome size of 80,965 bp and a G + C content of 44.96%. No genes that encode known toxins or genes implicated in lysogeny control were found in R18L. A one-step growth experiment showed that R18L had a latent period of approximately 40 min and a burst size of 54 phage particles per infected cell. R18L showed lytic activity against a wide range of at least five Vibrio species (V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. harveyi, V. parahemolyticus, and V. proteolyticus). R18L was relatively stable at pH 6-11 and at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 50°C. The broad lytic activity across Vibrio species and the stability in the environment make R18L a potential candidate for phage therapy in controlling vibriosis in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunlan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunxiang Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
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Benala M, Vaiyapuri M, Sivam V, Raveendran K, Mothadaka MP, Badireddy MR. Genome Characterization and Infectivity Potential of Vibriophage-ϕLV6 with Lytic Activity against Luminescent Vibrios of Penaeus vannamei Shrimp Aquaculture. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040868. [PMID: 37112848 PMCID: PMC10141217 DOI: 10.3390/v15040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture, especially during the hatchery phase, is prone to economic losses due to infections caused by luminescent vibrios. In the wake of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria and the food safety requirements of farmed shrimp, aqua culturists are seeking alternatives to antibiotics for shrimp health management, and bacteriophages are fast emerging as natural and bacteria-specific antimicrobial agents. This study analyzed the whole genome of vibriophage-ϕLV6 that showed lytic activity against six luminescent vibrios isolated from the larval tanks of P. vannamei shrimp hatcheries. The Vibriophage-ϕLV6 genome was 79,862 bp long with 48% G+C content and 107 ORFs that coded for 31 predicted protein functions, 75 hypothetical proteins, and a tRNA. Pertinently, the vibriophage-ϕLV6 genome harbored neither AMR determinants nor virulence genes, indicating its suitability for phage therapy. There is a paucity of whole genome-based information on vibriophages that lyse luminescent vibrios, and this study adds pertinent data to the database of V. harveyi infecting phage genomes and, to our knowledge, is the first vibriophage genome report from India. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of vibriophage-ϕLV6 revealed an icosahedral head (~73 nm) and a long, flexible tail (~191 nm) suggesting siphovirus morphology. The vibriophage-ϕLV6 phage at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 80 inhibited the growth of luminescent V. harveyi at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% salt gradients. In vivo experiments conducted with post-larvae of shrimp showed that vibriophage-ϕLV6 reduced luminescent vibrio counts and post-larval mortalities in the phage-treated tank compared to the bacteria-challenged tank, suggesting the potentiality of vibriophage-ϕLV6 as a promising candidate in treating luminescent vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture. The vibriophage-ϕLV6 survived for 30 days in salt (NaCl) concentrations ranging from 5 ppt to 50 ppt and was stable at 4 °C for 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikantha Benala
- Visakhapatnam Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Visakhapatnam 530003, India
- Department of Microbiology and FST, School of Science, GITAM, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Murugadas Vaiyapuri
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Visnuvinayagam Sivam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Karthika Raveendran
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Mukteswar Prasad Mothadaka
- Visakhapatnam Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Visakhapatnam 530003, India
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Willingdon Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Madhusudana Rao Badireddy
- Visakhapatnam Research Centre of ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Visakhapatnam 530003, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-900-024-7825; Fax: +91-891-2567040
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Xu K, Wang Y, Yang W, Cai H, Zhang Y, Huang L. Strategies for Prevention and Control of Vibriosis in Asian Fish Culture. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010098. [PMID: 36679943 PMCID: PMC9862775 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that vibriosis account for about half of the economic losses in Asian fish culture. Consequently, the prevention and control of vibriosis is one of the priority research topics in the field of Asian fish culture disease. Relevant measures have been proposed to control some Vibrios that pose a threat to Asian fish culture, but there are currently only a few effective vaccines available to combat these Vibrios. The purpose of our review is to sum up the main prevention methods and the latest control strategies of seven Vibrio species that cause great harm to Asian aquaculture, including Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. Strategies such as antibiotics, probiotics, bacteriophages, antimicrobials from plants and other natural sources, as well as vaccines, are compared and discussed here. We expect this review will provide some new views and recommendations for the future better prevention and control of vibriosis in Asian fish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Xu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wangxiaohan Yang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.H.)
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Droubogiannis S, Katharios P. Genomic and Biological Profile of a Novel Bacteriophage, Vibrio phage Virtus, Which Improves Survival of Sparus aurata Larvae Challenged with Vibrio harveyi. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060630. [PMID: 35745484 PMCID: PMC9229204 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, commonly known as “superbugs”, phage therapy for the control of bacterial diseases rose in popularity. In this context, the use of phages for the management of many important bacterial diseases in the aquaculture environment is auspicious. Vibrio harveyi, a well-known and serious bacterial pathogen, is responsible for many disease outbreaks in aquaculture, resulting in huge economic and production losses. We isolated and fully characterized a novel bacteriophage, Vibrio phage Virtus, infecting V. harveyi strain VH2. Vibrio phage Virtus can infect a wide spectrum of Vibrio spp., including strains of V. harveyi, V. owensii, V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. mediterranei. It has a latent period of 40 min with an unusually high burst size of 3200 PFU/cell. Vibrio phage Virtus has a double-stranded DNA of 82,960 base pairs with 127 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). No virulence, antibiotic resistance, or integrase-encoding genes were detected. In vivo phage therapy trials in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, larvae demonstrated that Vibrio phage Virtus was able to significantly improve the survival of larvae for five days at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, which suggests that it can be an excellent candidate for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Droubogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Pantelis Katharios
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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Carascal MB, dela Cruz-Papa DM, Remenyi R, Cruz MCB, Destura RV. Phage Revolution Against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Pathogens in Southeast Asia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820572. [PMID: 35154059 PMCID: PMC8830912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia (SEA) can be considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. As recent surveillance efforts in the region reported the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, the pursuit of therapeutic alternatives against AMR becomes a matter of utmost importance. Phage therapy, or the use of bacterial viruses called bacteriophages to kill bacterial pathogens, is among the standout therapeutic prospects. This narrative review highlights the current understanding of phages and strategies for a phage revolution in SEA. We define phage revolution as the radical use of phage therapy in infectious disease treatment against MDR infections, considering the scientific and regulatory standpoints of the region. We present a three-phase strategy to encourage a phage revolution in the SEA clinical setting, which involves: (1) enhancing phage discovery and characterization efforts, (2) creating and implementing laboratory protocols and clinical guidelines for the evaluation of phage activity, and (3) adapting regulatory standards for therapeutic phage formulations. We hope that this review will open avenues for scientific and policy-based discussions on phage therapy in SEA and eventually lead the way to its fullest potential in countering the threat of MDR pathogens in the region and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Carascal
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Donna May dela Cruz-Papa
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Roland Remenyi
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
| | - Mely Cherrylynne B. Cruz
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raul V. Destura
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
- National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
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Ramos-Vivas J, Superio J, Galindo-Villegas J, Acosta F. Phage Therapy as a Focused Management Strategy in Aquaculture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10436. [PMID: 34638776 PMCID: PMC8508683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic bacteriophages, commonly called as phages, are a promising potential alternative to antibiotics in the management of bacterial infections of a wide range of organisms including cultured fish. Their natural immunogenicity often induces the modulation of a variated collection of immune responses within several types of immunocytes while promoting specific mechanisms of bacterial clearance. However, to achieve standardized treatments at the practical level and avoid possible side effects in cultivated fish, several improvements in the understanding of their biology and the associated genomes are required. Interestingly, a particular feature with therapeutic potential among all phages is the production of lytic enzymes. The use of such enzymes against human and livestock pathogens has already provided in vitro and in vivo promissory results. So far, the best-understood phages utilized to fight against either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacterial species in fish culture are mainly restricted to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae, and the Siphoviridae, respectively. However, the current functional use of phages against bacterial pathogens of cultured fish is still in its infancy. Based on the available data, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about phage, identify gaps, and provide insights into the possible bacterial control strategies they might represent for managing aquaculture-related bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramos-Vivas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (F.A.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Joshua Superio
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway;
| | | | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.R.-V.); (F.A.)
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Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li W, Zhu W, Wang J, Wang X. Application of a Novel Lytic Podoviridae Phage Pu20 for Biological Control of Drug-Resistant Salmonella in Liquid Eggs. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010034. [PMID: 33406779 PMCID: PMC7823707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a globally distributed zoonotic pathogen. Among them, S. pullorum is a host-specific pathogen that seriously affects the development of the poultry breeding industry in China. It mainly infects chickens and can cause white scabs, and the mortality rate after infection is almost 100%. As antibiotics are widely used in animal feed and other production processes, Salmonella resistance has gradually increased. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop new technologies to control multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and confirm their actual effectiveness in the target food matrix. Bacteriophage can efficiently and specifically lyse bacteria, and will be a potential bactericide to replace antibiotics. In this study, 34 strains of Salmonella bacteriophages were isolated from environmental resources. Therein, phage Pu20 with the widest host spectrum had the strongest ability to lyse tested Salmonella strains. Further studies showed that Pu20 had high pH tolerance and heat resistance, short incubation period. Pu20 can effectively inhibit the growth of two strains of MDR Salmonella in liquid egg white and yolk at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. According to morphological and phylogenetic analysis, Pu20 belongs to the Podoviridae family. Genomic analysis of Pu20 indicates a linear 59435 bp dsDNA sequence with no homology to virulence or antibiotic resistance-related genes. Together, these results sheds light on the potential biocontrol application value of Pu20 in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wanning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Cao Y, Zhang Y, Lan W, Sun X. Characterization of vB_VpaP_MGD2, a newly isolated bacteriophage with biocontrol potential against multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:413-426. [PMID: 33389104 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen and is also pathogenic to shrimp. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains, bacteriophages have shown promise as antimicrobial agents that could be used for controlling antibiotic-resistant strains. Here, a V. parahaemolyticus phage, vB_VpaP_MGD2, was isolated from a clam (Meretrix meretrix) and further characterized to evaluate its potential capability for biocontrol. Podophage vB_VpaP_MGD2 had a wide host range and was able to lyse 27 antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains. A one-step growth curve showed that vB_VpaP_MGD2 has a short latent period of 10 min and a large burst size of 244 phages per cell. Phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 was able to tolerate a wide range of temperature (30 °C-50 °C) and pH (pH 3-pH 10). Two multidrug-resistant strains (SH06 and SA411) were suppressed by treatment with phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 at a multiplicity of infection of 100 for 24 h without apparent regrowth of bacterial populations. The frequency of mutations causing bacteriophage resistance was relatively low (3.1 × 10-6). Phage vB_VpaP_MGD2 has a double-stranded DNA with a genome size of 45,105 bp. Among the 48 open reading frames annotated in the genome, no lysogenic genes or virulence genes were detected. Sequence comparisons suggested that vB_VpaP_MGD2 is a member of a new species in the genus Zindervirus within the subfamily Autographivirinae. This is the first report of a member of the genus Zindervirus that can infect V. parahaemolyticus. These findings suggest that vB_VpaP_MGD2 may be a candidate biocontrol agent against early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) caused by multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhang XH, He X, Austin B. Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:231-245. [PMID: 32419972 PMCID: PMC7223180 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi, which belongs to family Vibrionaceae of class Gammaproteobacteria, includes the species V. carchariae and V. trachuri as its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp, V. harveyi is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricans where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of V. harveyi may be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway. V. harveyi may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Xinxin He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Brian Austin
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK
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12
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Application of a Novel Phage LPSEYT for Biological Control of Salmonella in Foods. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030400. [PMID: 32178465 PMCID: PMC7142823 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne diseases, and in recent years, many isolates have exhibited a high level of antibiotic resistance, which has led to huge pressures on public health. Phages are a promising strategy to control food-borne pathogens. In this study, one of our environmental phage isolates, LPSEYT, was to be able to restrict the growth of zoonotic Salmonellaenterica in vitro over a range of multiplicity of infections. Phage LPSEYT exhibited wide-ranging pH and thermal stability and rapid reproductive activity with a short latent period and a large burst size. Phage LPSEYT demonstrated potential efficiency as a biological control agent against Salmonella in a variety of food matrices, including milk and lettuce. Morphological observation, comparative genomic, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LPSEYT does not belong to any of the currently identified genera within the Myoviridae family, and we suggest that LPSEYT represents a new genus, the LPSEYTvirus. This study contributes a phage database, develops beneficial phage resources, and sheds light on the potential application value of phages LPSEYT on food safety.
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Thammatinna K, Egan ME, Htoo HH, Khanna K, Sugie J, Nideffer JF, Villa E, Tassanakajon A, Pogliano J, Nonejuie P, Chaikeeratisak V. A novel vibriophage exhibits inhibitory activity against host protein synthesis machinery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2347. [PMID: 32047244 PMCID: PMC7012835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of deadly pathogens and multidrug-resistant bacteria at an alarmingly increased rate, bacteriophages have been developed as a controlling bioagent to prevent the spread of pathogenic bacteria. One of these pathogens, disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) which induces acute hepatopancreatic necrosis, is considered one of the deadliest shrimp pathogens, and has recently become resistant to various classes of antibiotics. Here, we discovered a novel vibriophage that specifically targets the vibrio host, VPAHPND. The vibriophage, designated Seahorse, was classified in the family Siphoviridae because of its icosahedral capsid surrounded by head fibers and a non-contractile long tail. Phage Seahorse was able to infect the host in a broad range of pH and temperatures, and it had a relatively short latent period (nearly 30 minutes) in which it produced progeny at 72 particles per cell at the end of its lytic cycle. Upon phage infection, the host nucleoid condensed and became toroidal, similar to the bacterial DNA morphology seen during tetracycline treatment, suggesting that phage Seahorse hijacked host biosynthesis pathways through protein translation. As phage Seahorse genome encodes 48 open reading frames with many hypothetical proteins, this genome could be a potential untapped resource for the discovery of phage-derived therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrongkhwan Thammatinna
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - MacKennon E Egan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Htut Htut Htoo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph Sugie
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason F Nideffer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Villa
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Joe Pogliano
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Poochit Nonejuie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Genome Analysis of Two Novel Lytic Vibrio maritimus Phages Isolated from the Coastal Surface Seawater of Qingdao, China. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1225-1233. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Xiang Y, Wang S, Li J, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Lin L, Ji X. Isolation and characterization of two lytic cold-active bacteriophages infecting Pseudomonas fluorescens from the Napahai plateau wetland. Can J Microbiol 2017; 64:183-190. [PMID: 29253355 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As the "kidneys of the Earth", wetlands play important roles as biodiversity reservoirs, in water purification, and in flood control. In this study, 2 lytic cold-active bacteriophages, named VW-6S and VW-6B, infecting Pseudomonas fluorescens W-6 cells from the Napahai plateau wetland in China were isolated and characterized. Electron microscopy showed that both VW-6S and VW-6B had an icosahedral head (66.7 and 61.1 nm, respectively) and a long tail (8.3 nm width × 233.3 nm length and 11.1 nm width × 166.7 nm length, respectively). The bacteriophages VW-6S and VW-6B were classified as Siphoviridae and had an approximate genome size of 30-40 kb. The latent and burst periods of VW-6S were 60 and 30 min, whereas those of VW-6B were 30 and 30 min, respectively. The optimal pH values for the bacteriophages VW-6S and VW-6B were 8.0 and 10.0, respectively, and their activity decreased rapidly at temperatures higher than 60 °C. These cold-active bacteriophages provide good materials for further study of cold-adaptation mechanisms and interaction with the host P. fluorescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xiang
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.,b Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiankai Li
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lianbing Lin
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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