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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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The mechanosensory and mechanotransductive processes mediated by ion channels and the impact on bone metabolism: A systematic review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 711:109020. [PMID: 34461086 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical environments were associated with alterations in bone metabolism. Ion channels present on bone cells are indispensable for bone metabolism and can be directly or indirectly activated by mechanical stimulation. This review aimed to discuss the literature reporting the mechanical regulatory effects of ion channels on bone cells and bone tissue. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Studies about mechanically induced alteration of bone cells and bone tissue by ion channels were included. Ion channels including TRP family channels, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRACs), Piezo1/2 channels, purinergic receptors, NMDA receptors, voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs), TREK2 potassium channels, calcium- and voltage-dependent big conductance potassium (BKCa) channels, small conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SKCa) channels and epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) present on bone cells and bone tissue participate in the mechanical regulation of bone development in addition to contributing to direct or indirect mechanotransduction such as altered membrane potential and ionic flux. Physiological (beneficial) mechanical stimulation could induce the anabolism of bone cells and bone tissue through ion channels, but abnormal (harmful) mechanical stimulation could also induce the catabolism of bone cells and bone tissue through ion channels. Functional expression of ion channels is vital for the mechanotransduction of bone cells. Mechanical activation (opening) of ion channels triggers ion influx and induces the activation of intracellular modulators that can influence bone metabolism. Therefore, mechanosensitive ion channels provide new insights into therapeutic targets for the treatment of bone-related diseases such as osteopenia and aseptic implant loosening.
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Bahmaee H, Owen R, Boyle L, Perrault CM, Garcia-Granada AA, Reilly GC, Claeyssens F. Design and Evaluation of an Osteogenesis-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device Incorporating 3D Cell Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:557111. [PMID: 33015017 PMCID: PMC7509430 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.557111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic-based tissue-on-a-chip devices have generated significant research interest for biomedical applications, such as pharmaceutical development, as they can be used for small volume, high throughput studies on the effects of therapeutics on tissue-mimics. Tissue-on-a-chip devices are evolving from basic 2D cell cultures incorporated into microfluidic devices to complex 3D approaches, with modern designs aimed at recapitulating the dynamic and mechanical environment of the native tissue. Thus far, most tissue-on-a-chip research has concentrated on organs involved with drug uptake, metabolism and removal (e.g., lung, skin, liver, and kidney); however, models of the drug metabolite target organs will be essential to provide information on therapeutic efficacy. Here, we develop an osteogenesis-on-a-chip device that comprises a 3D environment and fluid shear stresses, both important features of bone. This inexpensive, easy-to-fabricate system based on a polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsion (polyHIPE) supports proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (hES-MPs) over extended time periods (up to 21 days). Cells respond positively to both chemical and mechanical stimulation of osteogenesis, with an intermittent flow profile containing rest periods strongly promoting differentiation and matrix formation in comparison to static and continuous flow. Flow and shear stresses were modeled using computational fluid dynamics. Primary cilia were detectable on cells within the device channels demonstrating that this mechanosensory organelle is present in the complex 3D culture environment. In summary, this device aids the development of ‘next-generation’ tools for investigating novel therapeutics for bone in comparison with standard laboratory and animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahmaee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Owen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Boyle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile M Perrault
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Eden Microfluidics, Paris, France
| | | | - Gwendolen C Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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PIEZO1 and TRPV4, which Are Distinct Mechano-Sensors in the Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells, Modify Cell-Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194960. [PMID: 31597314 PMCID: PMC6801562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical-loading and unloading can modify osteoblast functioning. Ca2+ signaling is one of the earliest events in osteoblasts to induce a mechanical stimulus, thereby demonstrating the importance of the underlying mechanical sensors for the sensation. Here, we examined the mechano-sensitive channels PIEZO1 and TRPV4 were involved in the process of mechano-sensation in the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The analysis of mRNA expression revealed a high expression of Piezo1 and Trpv4 in these cells. We also found that a PIEZO1 agonist, Yoda1, induced Ca2+ response and activated cationic currents in these cells. Ca2+ response was elicited when mechanical stimulation (MS), with shear stress, was induced by fluid flow in the MC3T3-E1 cells. Gene knockdown of Piezo1 in the MC3T3-E1 cells, by transfection with siPiezo1, inhibited the Yoda1-induced response, but failed to inhibit the MS-induced response. When MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with siTrpv4, the MS-induced response was abolished and Yoda1 response was attenuated. Moreover, the MS-induced response was inhibited by a TRPV4 antagonist HC-067047 (HC). Yoda1 response was also inhibited by HC in MC3T3-E1 cells and HEK cells, expressing both PIEZO1 and TRPV4. Meanwhile, the activation of PIEZO1 and TRPV4 reduced the proliferation of MC3T3-E1, which was reversed by knockdown of PIEZO1, and TRPV4, respectively. In conclusion, TRPV4 and PIEZO1 are distinct mechano-sensors in the MC3T3-E1 cells. However, PIEZO1 and TRPV4 modify the proliferation of these cells, implying that PIEZO1 and TRPV4 may be functional in the osteoblastic mechano-transduction. Notably, it is also found that Yoda1 can induce TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ response, when both PIEZO1 and TRPV4 are highly expressed.
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Cheng B, Zhu Q, Lin W, Wang L. MicroRNA-122 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatic stellate cells induced by the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:284-290. [PMID: 30651793 PMCID: PMC6307443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 may stimulate the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), resulting in the development of liver fibrosis. As micro RNA (miRNA)-122 is known to be associated with liver inflammation, its effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HSCs through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 4 (Smad4) signaling pathway were investigated. The MTT assay was performed to explore the optimum TGF-β1 concentration suitable for HSC stimulation. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the transfection efficiency and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to observe gene and protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Smad4, respectively, in HSCs treated with TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 and miRNA-122. MTT assay results indicated that the concentration of 10 µg/l TGF-β1 was suitable for maximum growth and survival of HSCs. Notably, the mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin and α-SMA were significantly increased (each, P<0.05), but the expression levels of E-cadherin were decreased following 10 µg/l TGF-β1 treatment. Similar results were observed regarding the protein expression levels of N-cadherin, α-SMA and E-cadherin. Furthermore, the expression of F-actin was increased in the 10 µg/l TGF-β1 treated group compared with the 0 µg/l TGF-β1 treaded group and stretching of the muscle fiber filament was observed. miRNA-122 lentiviral vector transfection significantly decreased the mRNA expression of N-cadherin and increased the mRNA expression of E-cadherin in HSCs stimulated with TGF-β1, as evident from RT-qPCR results. Similar results were also observed regarding the protein expression levels of N-cadherin and E-cadherin. The expression levels of Smad4, the primary component of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, were significantly lower in cells treated with TGF-β1 and miRNA-122 (P<0.01) compared those treated with TGF-β1. Thus, miRNA-122 may inhibit the activation and EMT of HSCs stimulated by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianqiao Cheng
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Lin
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou Affiliated Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P.R. China
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Gong X, Li G, Huang Y, Fu Z, Song X, Chen C, Yang L. Synergistically regulated spontaneous calcium signaling is attributed to cartilaginous extracellular matrix metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9711-9722. [PMID: 30370672 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ has been recognized as a key molecule for chondrocytes, however, the role and mechanism of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i signaling in cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism regulation are unclear. Here we found that spontaneous Ca 2+ signal of in-situ porcine chondrocytes was [Ca 2+ ] o dependent, and mediated by [Ca 2+ ] i store release. T-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (T-VDCC) mediated [Ca 2+ ] o influx was associated with decreased cell viability and expression levels of ECM deposition genes. Further analysis revealed that chondrocytes expressed both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) and Orai isoforms. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ release and store-operated calcium entry significantly abolished spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i signaling of in-situ chondrocytes. Moreover, blocking ER Ca 2+ release with InsP3R inhibitors significantly upregulated ECM degradation enzymes production, and was accompanied by decreased proteoglycan and collagen type II intensity. Taken together, our data provided evidence that spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i signaling of in-situ porcine chondrocytes was tightly regulated by [Ca 2+ ] o influx, InsP3Rs mediated [Ca 2+ ] i store release, and Orais mediated calcium release-activated calcium channels activation. Both T-VDCC mediated [Ca 2+ ] o influx and InsP3Rs mediated ER Ca 2+ release were found crucial to cartilaginous ECM metabolism through distinct regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Gong
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenlan Fu
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongbo Song
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Altered spontaneous calcium signaling of in situ chondrocytes in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17093. [PMID: 29213100 PMCID: PMC5719003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling is an essential universal secondary messenger in articular chondrocytes. However, little is known about its spatiotemporal features in the context of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, by examining the cartilage samples collected from patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery, we investigated the spatiotemporal features of spontaneous [Ca2+]i signaling in in situ chondrocytes at different OA stages. Our data showed zonal dependent spontaneous [Ca2+]i signaling in healthy cartilage samples under 4 mM calcium environment. This signal was significantly attenuated in healthy cartilage samples but increased in early-degenerated cartilage when cultured in 0 mM calcium environment. No significant difference was found in [Ca2+]i intensity oscillation in chondrocytes located in middle zones among ICRS 1–3 samples under both 4 and 0 mM calcium environments. However, the correlation was found in deep zone chondrocytes incubated in 4 mM calcium environment. In addition, increased protein abundance of Cav3.3 T-type voltage dependent calcium channel and Nfatc2 activity were observed in early-degenerated cartilage samples. The present study exhibited OA severity dependent spatiotemporal features of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations of in situ chondrocytes, which might reflect the zonal specific role of chondrocytes during OA progression and provide new insight in articular cartilage degradation during OA progression.
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Alvarez F, Lozano Puerto RM, Pérez-Maceda B, Grillo CA, Fernández Lorenzo de Mele M. Time-Lapse Evaluation of Interactions Between Biodegradable Mg Particles and Cells. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1-12. [PMID: 26810154 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mg-based implants have promising applications as biodegradable materials in medicine for orthopedic, dental, and cardiovascular therapies. During wear and degradation microdebris are released. Time-lapse multidimensional microscopy (MM) is proposed here as a suitable tool to follow, in fixed intervals over 24-h periods, the interaction between cells and particles. Results of MM show interactions of macrophages (J774) with the magnesium particles (MgPa) that led to modifications of cell size and morphology, a decrease in duplication rate, and cell damage. Corrosion products were progressively formed on the surface of the particles and turbulence was generated due to hydrogen development. Changes were more significant after treating MgPa with potassium fluoride. In order to complement MM observations, membrane damage as detected by a lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and mitochondrial activity as detected by a WST-1 assay with macrophages and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were compared. A more significant concentration-dependent effect was detected for macrophages exposed to MgPa than for osteoblasts. Accordingly, complementary data showed that viability and cell cycle seem to be more altered in macrophages. In addition, protein profiles and expression of proteins associated with the adhesion process changed in the presence of MgPa. These studies revealed that time-lapse MM is a helpful tool for monitoring changes of biodegradable materials and the biological surrounding in real time and in situ. This information is useful in studies related to biodegradable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Alvarez
- 1Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA),1900 La Plata,Argentina
| | - Rosa M Lozano Puerto
- 2Cell-Biomaterial Recognition Group,Cellular and Molecular Biology Department,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC),28040 Madrid,Spain
| | - Blanca Pérez-Maceda
- 2Cell-Biomaterial Recognition Group,Cellular and Molecular Biology Department,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC),28040 Madrid,Spain
| | - Claudia A Grillo
- 1Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA),1900 La Plata,Argentina
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Lu J, Fan Y, Gong X, Zhou X, Yi C, Zhang Y, Pan J. The Lineage Specification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Directed by the Rate of Fluid Shear Stress. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1752-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Yijuan Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Xiaoyuan Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Caixia Yi
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Yinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing China
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Goodman CA, Hornberger TA, Robling AG. Bone and skeletal muscle: Key players in mechanotransduction and potential overlapping mechanisms. Bone 2015; 80:24-36. [PMID: 26453495 PMCID: PMC4600534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone mass is critical for movement, health and issues associated with the quality of life. Skeletal muscle and bone mass are regulated by a variety of factors that include changes in mechanical loading. Moreover, bone mass is, in large part, regulated by muscle-derived mechanical forces and thus by changes in muscle mass/strength. A thorough understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for mechanotransduction in bone and skeletal muscle is essential for the development of effective exercise and pharmaceutical strategies aimed at increasing, and/or preventing the loss of, mass in these tissues. Thus, in this review we will attempt to summarize the current evidence for the major molecular mechanisms involved in mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle and bone. By examining the differences and similarities in mechanotransduction between these two tissues, it is hoped that this review will stimulate new insights and ideas for future research and promote collaboration between bone and muscle biologists.(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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