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Sar T, Harirchi S, Ramezani M, Bulkan G, Akbas MY, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ. Potential utilization of dairy industries by-products and wastes through microbial processes: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152253. [PMID: 34902412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry generates excessive amounts of waste and by-products while it gives a wide range of dairy products. Alternative biotechnological uses of these wastes need to be determined to aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems due to their high chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and rich nutrient (lactose, protein and fat) contents. This work presents a critical review on the fermentation-engineering aspects based on defining the effective use of dairy effluents in the production of various microbial products such as biofuel, enzyme, organic acid, polymer, biomass production, etc. In addition to microbial processes, techno-economic analyses to the integration of some microbial products into the biorefinery and feasibility of the related processes have been presented. Overall, the inclusion of dairy wastes into the designed microbial processes seems also promising for commercial approaches. Especially the digestion of dairy wastes with cow manure and/or different substrates will provide a positive net present value (NPV) and a payback period (PBP) less than 10 years to the plant in terms of biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gülru Bulkan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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2
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Chen M, Wang J, Lin L, Xu X, Wei W, Shen Y, Wei D. Synergistic Regulation of Metabolism by Ca 2+/Reactive Oxygen Species in Penicillium brevicompactum Improves Production of Mycophenolic Acid and Investigation of the Ca 2+ Channel. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:273-285. [PMID: 34941247 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although Penicillium brevicompactum is a very important industrial strain for mycophenolic acid production, there are no reports on Ca2+/reactive oxygen species (ROS) synergistic regulation and calcium channels, Cch-pb. This study initially intensified the concentration of the intracellular Ca2+ in the high yielding mycophenolic acid producing strain NRRL864 to explore the physiological role of intracellular redox state in metabolic regulation by Penicillium brevicompactum. The addition of Ca2+ in the media caused an increase of intracellular Ca2+, which was accompanied by a strong increase, 1.5 times, in the higher intracellular ROS concentration. In addition, the more intensive ROS sparked the production of an unreported pigment and increase in mycophenolic acid production. Furthermore, the Ca2+ channel, the homologous gene of Cch1, Cch-pb, was investigated to verify the relationship between Ca2+ and the intracellular ROS. The Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was overexpressed, which was bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla, reducing the intracellular ROS concentration to verify the relationship between the redox state and the yield of mycophenolic acid. The strain pb-VGB expressed the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin exhibited a lower intracellular ROS concentration, 30% lower, and decreased the yield of mycophenolic acid as 10% lower at the same time. Subsequently, with the NRRL864 fermented under 1.7 and 28 mM Ca2+, the [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios were detected and the higher [NADH]/[NAD+] ratios (4 times higher with 28 mM) meant a more robust primary metabolism which provided more precursors to produce the pigment and the mycophenolic acid. Finally, the 10 times higher calcium addition in the media resulted in 25% enhanced mycophenolic acid production to 6.7 g/L and induced pigment synthesis in NRRL864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, People’s Republic of China
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Zaozhuang jie nuo enzyme co. ltd, Zaozhuang 277100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Yu F, Zhao X, Wang Z, Liu L, Yi L, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G. Recent Advances in the Physicochemical Properties and Biotechnological Application of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071455. [PMID: 34361891 PMCID: PMC8306070 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb), the first discovered bacterial hemoglobin, is a soluble heme-binding protein with a faster rate of oxygen dissociation. Since it can enhance cell growth, product synthesis and stress tolerance, VHb has been widely applied in the field of metabolic engineering for microorganisms, plants, and animals. Especially under oxygen-limited conditions, VHb can interact with terminal oxidase to deliver enough oxygen to achieve high-cell-density fermentation. In recent years, with the development of bioinformatics and synthetic biology, several novel physicochemical properties and metabolic regulatory effects of VHb have been discovered and numerous strategies have been utilized to enhance the expression level of VHb in various hosts, which greatly promotes its applications in biotechnology. Thus, in this review, the new information regarding structure, function and expressional tactics for VHb is summarized to understand its latest applications and pave a new way for the future improvement of biosynthesis for other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Luyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Lingfeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (F.Y.); (Z.W.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.L.); (J.C.)
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (G.D.)
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4
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Chen X, Yi J, Song W, Liu J, Luo Q, Liu L. Chassis engineering of Escherichia coli for trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline production. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:392-402. [PMID: 32396278 PMCID: PMC7936311 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (Hyp) offers significant advantages over conventional chemical extraction. However, it is still challenging for industrial production of Hyp due to its low production efficiency. Here, chassis engineering was used for tailoring Escherichia coli cellular metabolism to enhance enzymatic production of Hyp. Specifically, four proline 4-hydroxylases (P4H) were selected to convert l-proline to Hyp, and the recombinant strain overexpressing DsP4H produced 32.5 g l-1 Hyp with α-ketoglutarate addition. To produce Hyp without α-ketoglutarate addition, α-ketoglutarate supply was enhanced by rewiring the TCA cycle and l-proline degradation pathway, and oxygen transfer was improved by fine-tuning heterologous haemoglobin expression. In a 5-l fermenter, the engineered strain E. coliΔsucCDΔputA-VHb(L) -DsP4H showed a significant increase in Hyp titre, conversion rate and productivity up to 49.8 g l-1 , 87.4% and 1.38 g l-1 h-1 respectively. This strategy described here provides an efficient method for production of Hyp, and it has a great potential in industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Juyang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Shaoxing Baiyin Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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5
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The Potential Production of the Bioactive Compound Pinene Using Whey Permeate. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinene is a secondary plant metabolite that has functional properties as a flavor additive as well as potential cognitive health benefits. Although pinene is present in low concentrations in several plants, it is possible to engineer microorganisms to produce pinene. However, feedstock cost is currently limiting the industrial scale-up of microbial pinene production. One potential solution is to leverage waste streams such as whey permeate as an alternative to expensive feedstocks. Whey permeate is a sterile-filtered dairy effluent that contains 4.5% weight/weight lactose, and it must be processed or disposed of due its high biochemical oxygen demand, often at significant cost to the producer. Approximately 180 million m3 of whey is produced annually in the U.S., and only half of this quantity receives additional processing for the recovery of lactose. Given that organisms such as recombinant Escherichia coli grow on untreated whey permeate, there is an opportunity for dairy producers to microbially produce pinene and reduce the biological oxygen demand of whey permeate via microbial lactose consumption. The process would convert a waste stream into a valuable coproduct. This review examines the current approaches for microbial pinene production, and the suitability of whey permeate as a medium for microbial pinene production.
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6
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Álvarez-Cao ME, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Becerra M. Bioconversion of Beet Molasses to Alpha-Galactosidase and Ethanol. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 30899250 PMCID: PMC6416216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molasses are sub-products of the sugar industry, rich in sucrose and containing other sugars like raffinose, glucose, and fructose. Alpha-galactosidases (EC. 3.2.1.22) catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6) bonds of galactose residues in galacto-oligosaccharides (melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose) and complex galactomannans. Alpha-galactosidases have important applications, mainly in the food industry but also in the pharmaceutical and bioenergy sectors. However, the cost of the enzyme limits the profitability of most of these applications. The use of cheap sub-products, such as molasses, as substrates for production of alpha-galactosidases, reduces the cost of the enzymes and contributes to the circular economy. Alpha-galactosidase is a specially indicated bioproduct since, at the same time, it allows to use the raffinose present in molasses. This work describes the development of a two-step system for the valuation of beet molasses, based on their use as substrate for alpha-galactosidase and bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Since this yeast secretes high amounts of invertase, to avoid congest the secretory route and to facilitate alpha-galactosidase purification from the culture medium, a mutant in the SUC2 gene (encoding invertase) was constructed. After a statistical optimization of culture conditions, this mutant yielded a very high rate of molasses bioconversion to alpha-galactosidase. In the second step, the SUC2 wild type yeast strain fermented the remaining sucrose to ethanol. A procedure to recycle the yeast biomass, by using it as nitrogen source to supplement molasses, was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Esperanza Cerdán
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Becerra
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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7
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Álvarez-Cao ME, Rico-Díaz A, Cerdán ME, Becerra M, González-Siso MI. Valuation of agro-industrial wastes as substrates for heterologous production of α-galactosidase. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:137. [PMID: 30176892 PMCID: PMC6122717 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recycling of agro-industrial wastes is at present limited by the availability of efficient and low-cost enzyme cocktails. The use of these materials as culture media to produce the enzymes can contribute to the profitability of the recycling process and to the circular economy. The aim of this work is the construction of a recombinant yeast strain efficient to grow in mixed whey (residue of cheese making) and beet molasses (residue of sugar manufacture) as culture medium, and to produce heterologous α-galactosidase, an enzyme with varied industrial applications and wide market. Results The gene MEL1, encoding the α-galactosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was integrated (four copies) in the LAC4 locus of the Kluyveromyces lactis industrial strain GG799. The constructed recombinant strain produces high levels of extracellular α-galactosidase under the control of the LAC4 promoter, inducible by lactose and galactose, and the native MEL1 secretion signal peptide. K. lactis produces natively beta-galactosidase and invertase thus metabolizing the sugars of whey and molasses. A culture medium based on whey and molasses was statistically optimized, and then the cultures scaled-up at laboratory level, thus obtaining 19 U/mL of heterologous α-galactosidase with a productivity of 0.158 U/L h, which is the highest value reported hitherto from a cheap waste-based medium. Conclusions A K. lactis recombinant strain was constructed and a sustainable culture medium, based on a mixture of cheese whey and beet molasses, was optimized for high productivity of S. cerevisiae α-galactosidase, thus contributing to the circular economy by producing a heterologous enzyme from two agro-industrial wastes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0988-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Agustín Rico-Díaz
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Esperanza Cerdán
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Becerra
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- EXPRELA Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
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Sar T, Seker G, Erman AG, Stark BC, Yesilcimen Akbas M. Repeated batch fermentation of immobilized E. coli expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin for long-term use. Bioengineered 2017; 8:651-660. [PMID: 28394725 PMCID: PMC5639835 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1303024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes an efficient and reusable process for ethanol production from medium containing whey powder, using alginate immobilized ethanologenic E. coli strains either expressing (TS3) or not expressing (FBR5) Vitreoscilla hemoglobin. Reuseabilities of the FBR5 and TS3 strains were investigated regarding their ethanol production capacities over the course of 15 successive 96-h batch fermentations. The ethanol production was fairly stable over the entire duration of the experiment, with strain TS3 maintaining a substantial advantage over strain FBR5. Storage of both strains in 2 different solutions for up to 60 d resulted in only a modest loss of ethanol production, with strain TS3 consistently outperforming strain FBR5 by a substantial amount. Strains stored for 15 or 30 d maintained their abilities to produce ethanol without dimunition over the course of 8 successive batch fermentations; again strain TS3 maintained a substantial advantage over strain FBR5 throughout the entire experiment. Thus, immobilization is a useful strategy to maintain the advantage in ethanol productivity afforded by expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin over long periods of time and large numbers of repeated batch fermentations, including, as in this case, using media with food processing wastes as the carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Sar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Seker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Erman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Benjamin C. Stark
- Biology Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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9
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Sar T, Stark BC, Yesilcimen Akbas M. Effective ethanol production from whey powder through immobilized E. coli expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin. Bioengineered 2017; 8:171-181. [PMID: 27579556 PMCID: PMC5398575 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1218581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol production from whey powder was investigated by using free as well as alginate immobilized E. coli and E. coli expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) in both shake flask and fermenter cultures. Media with varying levels of whey (lactose contents of 3%, 5%, 8% or 15%) and yeast extract (0.3% or 0.5%) were evaluated with fermentation times of 48-96 h. Immobilization and VHb expression resulted in higher ethanol production with all media; the increases ranged from 2% to 89% for immobilization and from 2% to 182% for VHb expression. It was determined that growth medium containing 8% lactose with 0.5% yeast extract yielded the highest ethanol production for free or immobilized strains, with or without VHb expression, in both shake flask and fermenter cultures. Immobilization with alginate was found to be a promising process for ethanol production by VHb-expressing ethanologenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Sar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Benjamin C. Stark
- Biology Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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10
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Improved production of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline by chromosomal integration of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene into recombinant Escherichia coli with expression of proline-4-hydroxylase. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Akbas MY, Stark BC. Recent trends in bioethanol production from food processing byproducts. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:1593-1609. [PMID: 27565674 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of corn starch and sugarcane as sources of sugar for the production of ethanol via fermentation may negatively impact the use of farmland for production of food. Thus, alternative sources of fermentable sugars, particularly from lignocellulosic sources, have been extensively investigated. Another source of fermentable sugars with substantial potential for ethanol production is the waste from the food growing and processing industry. Reviewed here is the use of waste from potato processing, molasses from processing of sugar beets into sugar, whey from cheese production, byproducts of rice and coffee bean processing, and other food processing wastes as sugar sources for fermentation to ethanol. Specific topics discussed include the organisms used for fermentation, strategies, such as co-culturing and cell immobilization, used to improve the fermentation process, and the use of genetic engineering to improve the performance of ethanol producing fermenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey. .,Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
| | - Benjamin C Stark
- Biology Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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12
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Cho K, Lee J, Han G, Kim NK, Bae H, Hwang S. Resource recovery using whey permeate to cultivate Phellinus linteus mycelium: Solid-state and submerged liquid fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:6739-48. [PMID: 26233453 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth characteristics of Phellinus linteus mycelium were assessed and compared under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) systems on whey permeate medium. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the growth rates of mycelia under various conditions of operating temperature (TO), initial pH, and substrate concentration ([S]). The optimal growth conditions of P. linteus mycelium were determined to be 26.1°C, pH 4.6, and 60.3g of lactose/L in the SSF system, and 29.0°C, pH 5.0, and 65.3g of lactose/L in the SLF system. The maximum growth rates were predicted to be 1.92 ± 0.01 mm/d in SSF and 192.1 ± 0.0mg/L per day in SLF. Random trials were conducted to experimentally validate the evaluated optimal conditions. The differences between the modeled and observed values were only 5.3% in the SSF system and 6.1% in the SLF system. Significant engineering factors differed between the fermentation techniques; TO was significant in both cultivation systems, whereas initial pH was significant in SSF but [S] was significant in SLF. Our findings can be used to guide the operation of the bioconversion process for cultivating P. linteus mycelium using whey permeate wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Cho
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeob Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuseong Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 North Mathews Ave., Urbana 61801
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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Sumer F, Stark BC, Yesilcimen Akbas M. Efficient ethanol production from potato and corn processing industry waste using E. coli engineered to express Vitreoscilla haemoglobin. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2319-2327. [PMID: 25766084 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1026846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of ethanologenic E. coli to express the haemoglobin (VHb) from the bacterium Vitreoscilla has been shown to enhance ethanol production by fermentation of pure sugars, sugars from hydrolysis of lignocellulose, components of whey, and sugars from wastewater produced during potato processing. Here, these studies were extended to see whether the same effect could be seen when a mixture of waste materials from processing of potatoes and corn into potato and corn chips were used as sugar sources. Consistent increases in ethanol production coincident with VHb expression were seen in shake flasks at both low aeration and high aeration conditions. The ethanol increases were due almost entirely to increases in the amount of ethanol produced per unit of cell mass. The VHb strategy for increasing fermentation to ethanol (and perhaps other valuable fermentation products) may be of general use, particularly regarding conversion of otherwise discarded materials into valuable commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sumer
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze , Kocaeli 41400 , Turkey
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Recent applications of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin technology in bioproduct synthesis and bioremediation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:1627-36. [PMID: 25575886 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its first use in 1990 to enhance production of α-amylase in E. coli, engineering of heterologous hosts to express the hemoglobin from the bacterium Vitreoscilla (VHb) has become a widely used strategy to enhance production of a variety of bioproducts, stimulate bioremediation, and increase growth and survival of engineered organisms. The hosts have included a variety of bacteria, yeast, fungi, higher plants, and even animals. The beneficial effects of VHb expression are presumably the result of one or more of its activities. The available evidence indicates that these include oxygen binding and delivery to the respiratory chain and oxygenases, protection against reactive oxygen species, and control of gene expression. In the past 4 to 5 years, the use of this "VHb technology" has continued in a variety of biotechnological applications in a wide range of organisms. These include enhancement of production of an ever wider array of bioproducts, new applications in bioremediation, a possible role in enhancing aerobic waste water treatment, and the potential to enhance growth and survival of both plants and animals of economic importance.
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