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Zhong F, Reik ME, Ragusa MJ, Pletneva EV. The structure of the diheme cytochrome c 4 from Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveals multiple contributors to tuning reduction potentials. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112496. [PMID: 38330683 PMCID: PMC11034767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome c4 (c4) is a diheme protein implicated as an electron donor to cbb3 oxidases in multiple pathogenic bacteria. Despite its prevalence, understanding of how specific structural features of c4 optimize its function is lacking. The human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) thrives in low oxygen environments owing to the activity of its cbb3 oxidase. Herein, we report characterization of Ng c4. Spectroelectrochemistry experiments of the wild-type (WT) protein have shown that the two Met/His-ligated hemes differ in potentials by ∼100 mV, and studies of the two His/His-ligated variants provided unambiguous assignment of heme A from the N-terminal domain of the protein as the high-potential heme. The crystal structure of the WT protein at 2.45 Å resolution has revealed that the two hemes differ in their solvent accessibility. In particular, interactions made by residues His57 and Ser59 in Loop1 near the axial ligand Met63 contribute to the tight enclosure of heme A, working together with the surface charge, to raise the reduction potential of the heme iron in this domain. The structure reveals a prominent positively-charged patch, which encompasses surfaces of both domains. In contrast to prior findings with c4 from Pseudomonas stutzeri, the interdomain interface of Ng c4 contributes minimally to the values of the heme iron potentials in the two domains. Analyses of the heme solvent accessibility, interface properties, and surface charges offer insights into the interplay of these structural elements in tuning redox properties of c4 and other multiheme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Morgan E Reik
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Michael J Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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Response of neutrophilic Shewanella violacea to acid stress: growth rate, organic acid production, and gene expression. Extremophiles 2019; 23:319-326. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-019-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fujimori K, Fujii S, Lisdiana L, Wakai S, Yagi H, Sambongi Y. Differences in biochemical properties of two 5'-nucleotidases from deep- and shallow-sea Shewanella species under various harsh conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1085-1093. [PMID: 30764715 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1578641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deep-sea Shewanella violacea 5'-nucleotidase (SVNTase) activity exhibited higher NaCl tolerance than that of a shallow-sea Shewanella amazonensis homologue (SANTase), the sequence identity between them being 70.4%. Here, SVNTase exhibited higher activity than SANTase with various inorganic salts, similar to the difference in their NaCl tolerance. In contrast, SVNTase activity decreased with various organic solvents, while SANTase activity was retained with the same concentrations of the solvents. Therefore, SVNTase is more robust than SANTase with inorganic salts, but more vulnerable with organic solvents. As to protein stability, SANTase was more stable against organic solvents and heat than SVNTase, which correlated with the differences in their enzymatic activities. We also found that SANTase retained higher activity for three weeks than SVNTase did in the presence of glycerol. These findings will facilitate further application of these enzymes as appropriate biological catalysts under various harsh conditions. Abbreviations: NTase: 5'-nucleotidase; SANTase: Shewanella amazonensis 5'-nucleotidase; SVNTase: Shewanella violacea 5'-nucleotidase; CD: circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiko Fujimori
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Sotaro Fujii
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Lisa Lisdiana
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan.,b Department of Biology , Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Kampus Unesa Ketintang , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Satoshi Wakai
- c Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Hisashi Yagi
- d Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Sustainability Science , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan.,e Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
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Wakai S. Biochemical and thermodynamic analyses of energy conversion in extremophiles. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:49-64. [PMID: 30381012 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1538769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of extreme environments, characterized by extreme values of various physicochemical parameters (temperature, pressure, salinity, pH, and so on), are found on Earth. Organisms that favorably live in such extreme environments are called extremophiles. All living organisms, including extremophiles, must acquire energy to maintain cellular homeostasis, including extremophiles. For energy conversion in harsh environments, thermodynamically useful reactions and stable biomolecules are essential. In this review, I briefly summarize recent studies of extreme environments and extremophiles living in these environments and describe energy conversion processes in various extremophiles based on my previous research. Furthermore, I discuss the correlation between the biological system of electrotrophy, a third biological energy acquisition system, and the mechanism underlying microbiologically influenced corrosion. These insights into energy conversion in extremophiles may improve our understanding of the "limits of life". Abbreviations: PPi: pyrophosphate; PPase: pyrophosphatase; ITC: isothermal titration microcalorimetry; SVNTase: Shewanella violacea 5'-nucleotidase; SANTase: Shewanella amazonensis 5'-nucleotidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wakai
- a Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
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Fujii S, Masanari-Fujii M, Kobayashi S, Kato C, Nishiyama M, Harada Y, Wakai S, Sambongi Y. Commonly stabilized cytochromes c from deep-sea Shewanella and Pseudomonas. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1-8. [PMID: 29540113 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1448255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two cytochromes c5 (SBcytc and SVcytc) have been derived from Shewanella living in the deep-sea, which is a high pressure environment, so it could be that these proteins are more stable at high pressure than at atmospheric pressure, 0.1 MPa. This study, however, revealed that SBcytc and SVcytc were more stable at 0.1 MPa than at higher pressure. In addition, at 0.1-150 MPa, the stability of SBcytc and SVcytc was higher than that of homologues from atmospheric-pressure Shewanella, which was due to hydrogen bond formation with the heme in the former two proteins. This study further revealed that cytochrome c551 (PMcytc) of deep-sea Pseudomonas was more stable than a homologue of atmospheric-pressure Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and that specific hydrogen bond formation with the heme also occurred in the former. Although SBcytc and SVcytc, and PMcytc are phylogenetically very distant, these deep-sea cytochromes c are commonly stabilized through hydrogen bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Fujii
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
- b Global Career Design Center , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Misa Masanari-Fujii
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Shinya Kobayashi
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Chiaki Kato
- c Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology , Yokosuka , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiyama
- d The HAKUBI Center for Advanced Research , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- e Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakai
- f Graduate School of Science Technology and Innovation , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
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Yamane-Koshizawa D, Fujii S, Maruno T, Kobayashi Y, Yamanaka M, Wakai S, Sambongi Y. Stabilization of mesophilic Allochromatium vinosum cytochrome c′ through specific mutations modeled by a thermophilic homologue. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:304-311. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1419856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
AVCP cytochrome c′ from mesophilic Allochromatium vinosum exhibits lower stability than a thermophilic counterpart, Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus cytochrome c′ (PHCP), in which the six specific amino acid residues that are not conserved in AVCP are responsible for its stability. Here we measured the stability of AVCP variants carrying these specific residues instead of the original AVCP ones. Among the six single AVCP variants, all of which formed a dimeric structure similar to that of the wild-type, three were successfully stabilized compared with the wild-type, while one showed lower stability than the wild-type. In addition, the most stabilized and destabilized AVCP variants could bind CO, similar to the wild-type. These results indicated that mesophilic AVCP could be stabilized through specific three mutations modeled by the thermophilic counterpart, PHCP, without changing the CO binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotaro Fujii
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Global Career Design Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakai
- Graduate School of Science Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sambongi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Difference in NaCl tolerance of membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidases purified from deep-sea and brackish water Shewanella species. Extremophiles 2017; 21:357-368. [PMID: 28050644 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella species are widely distributed in sea, brackish, and fresh water areas, growing psychrophilically or mesophilically, and piezophilically or piezo-sensitively. Here, membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidases (NTases) from deep-sea Shewanella violacea and brackish water Shewanella amazonensis were examined from the aspect of NaCl tolerance to gain an insight into protein stability against salt. Both NTases were single polypeptides with molecular masses of ~59 kDa, as determined on mass spectroscopy. They similarly required 10 mM MgCl2 for their activities, and they exhibited the same pH dependency and substrate specificity for 5'-nucleotides. However, S. violacea 5'-nucleotidase (SVNTase) was active enough in the presence of 2.5 M NaCl, whereas S. amazonensis 5'-nucleotidase (SANTase) exhibited significantly reduced activity with the same concentration of the salt. Although SVNTase and SANTase exhibited high sequence identity (69.7%), differences in the ratio of acidic to basic amino acid residues and the number of potential salt bridges maybe being responsible for the difference in the protein stability against salt. 5'-Nucleotidases from these Shewanella species will provide useful information regarding NaCl tolerance, which may be fundamental for understanding bacterial adaptation to growth environments.
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