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Moharir S, Khobragade P, Rane R, Suryawanshi M, Pal K, Gawade B, Kumar D, Satpute B. Discovery of Novel Diesters Incorporating Kojic Acid With NSAIDs and Palmitic Acid as Dual Inhibitor of Melanogenesis and Inflammation. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1769-1778. [PMID: 38663499 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Our study focuses on creating hybrid compounds and assessing their suitability for use in skincare products. The synergistic combination of Kojic acid, NSAIDs, and Palmitic acid proved to be an effective approach in inhibiting melanin production, making it a promising solution for individuals with hyperpigmentation concerns with Kojic acid (KA) Ibuprofen monoester (IBUM) and Ibuprofen-Kojic acid-Palmitic acid diester (IBUD) exhibiting a potential tyrosinase (38 % and 49 % inhibition at 200 µM) and anti-melanogenesis activity (77 % and 79 % inhibition at 100 µM). Furthermore, these compounds exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects, Kojic acid-Diclofenac monoester (DICM) and Diclofenac-Kojic acid-Palmitic acid diester (DICD) offering potential benefits for inflammation by lowering the paw volume. A stability study under chemical conditions and enzymatic conditions was also performed, wherein DICM and DICD showed a better half-life of 515, 593 h under chemical stability and 6.3, 7.5 h under enzymatic stability studies respectively. The diester hybrids IBUD, DICD, Naproxen-Kojic acid-Palmitic acid diester (NAPD) showed a better permeation and penetration profiles compared to their parent drugs. In-vitro cell line studies were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of these hybrid esters, with promising results. The dual inhibitor demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity and remarkable anti-melanogenic and anti-inflammatory activities, showing its potential as a versatile agent in addressing both melanogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyash Moharir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
| | - Prachi Khobragade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
| | - Rajesh Rane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India.
| | - Mugdha Suryawanshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India.
| | - Kavita Pal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Bapu Gawade
- Cleanchem Lifesciences Pvt. Ltd., Kopar-Khairane, Navi Mumbai 400710, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India.
| | - Bharat Satpute
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India
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Wang JH, Hwang SJ, Lee SK, Choi Y, Byun CK, Son CG. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Fractioned Cynanchum atratum by Regulation of cAMP/MITF Pathway in a UVB-Stimulated Mice Model. Cells 2023; 12:1390. [PMID: 37408224 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on traditional pharmacological applications and partial in vitro data, Cynanchum atratum (CA) is proposed to act on skin whitening. However, its functional evaluation and underlying mechanisms have yet to be identified. This study aimed to examine the anti-melanogenesis activity of CA fraction B (CAFB) on UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Forty C57BL/6j mice were exposed to UVB (100 mJ/cm2, five times/week) for eight weeks. After irradiation, CAFB was applied to the left ear once a day for 8 weeks (the right ear served as an internal control). The results showed that CAFB significantly reduced melanin production in the ear skin, as indicated by the gray value and Mexameter melanin index. In addition, CAFB treatment notably decreased melanin production in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanocytes, along with a significant reduction in tyrosinase activity. Cellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) were also noticeably downregulated by CAFB. In conclusion, CAFB is a promising ingredient for treating skin disorders caused by the overproduction of melanin and its underlying mechanisms involving the modulation of tyrosinase, mainly mediated by the regulation of the cAMP cascade and MITF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Wang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Hwang
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Keun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Se-Myung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Byun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Republic of Korea
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Nishio T, Kishi R, Sato K, Sato K. Blue light exposure enhances oxidative stress, causes DNA damage, and induces apoptosis signaling in B16F1 melanoma cells. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kurbanoglu S, Cevher SC, Toppare L, Cirpan A, Soylemez S. Electrochemical biosensor based on three components random conjugated polymer with fullerene (C 60). Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108219. [PMID: 35933973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a conjugated polymer and fullerene bearing architecture-based electrochemical Tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme inhibition biosensor for indomethacin (INDO) drug active compound has been developed. For this purpose, three moieties of benzoxadiazole, thienopyrroledione, and benzodithiophene containing conjugated polymer; poly[BDT-alt-(TP;BO)] was used as a transducer modifier together with fullerene for catechol detection. The specific combination of these materials is considered an effective way to fabricate highly sensitive and fast response catechol biosensors for the first time. Electrochemical and surface characteristics of the modified electrodes were obtained by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The effect of the parameters during chronoamperometric measurements on the biosensor response was also studied. Using optimized conditions, biosensing of catechol was achieved between 0.5 and 62.5 µM with a limit of the detection 0.11 µM. Tyr inhibition was followed with INDO drug active compound and it was found that INDO has a mixed type characteristic of enzyme kinetics with an I50 value of 15.11 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevki Can Cevher
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58100 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ali Cirpan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GUNAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Saniye Soylemez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090 Konya, Turkey.
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Kim D, Kim HJ, Jun HS. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Extract Stimulates Melanogenesis by Induction of COX2 Expression through the Activation of p38 MAPK in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7642019. [PMID: 32714420 PMCID: PMC7334760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7642019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) root extracts have been used for treating graying hair in Oriental medicine; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the melanogenic effects of PM root have not been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the melanogenic effects of an ethanolic extract of PM root (PME) and the mechanisms involved. We examined the effects of PME on cell viability, cellular melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells. The melanogenic mechanism of PME was explored using signaling inhibitors and examining the expression of melanogenic genes and signaling molecules by western blot and RT-qPCR analyses. PME did not exhibit any cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells compared to that in control cells. PME treatment significantly increased melanin production and tyrosinase activity. In addition, PME induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) as well as that of melanogenic genes, such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF), tyrosinase-related protein (Trp) 1, Trp2, and tyrosinase, in B16F10 cells. PME treatment increased the level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and pretreatment with SB 203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, significantly suppressed this PME-induced increase in the expression of COX2 and melanogenic genes. These results indicate that PME induced the expression of melanogenic genes by inducing COX2 expression via the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, thereby contributing to the enhancement of melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Gomeni R, Xu T, Gao X, Bressolle-Gomeni F. Model based approach for estimating the dosage regimen of indomethacin a potential antiviral treatment of patients infected with SARS CoV-2. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2020; 47:189-198. [PMID: 32435882 PMCID: PMC7237801 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-020-09690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To face SARS-CoV-2 pandemic various attempts are made to identify potential effective treatments by repurposing available drugs. Among them, indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory drug, was shown to have potent in-vitro antiviral properties on human SARS-CoV-1, canine CCoV, and more recently on human SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar range. Our objective was to show that indomethacin could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and to provide criteria for comparing benefits of alternative dosage regimens using a model-based approach. A multi-stage model-based approach was developed to characterize % of recovery and viral load in CCoV-infected dogs, to estimate the PK of indomethacin in dog and human using published data after administration of immediate (IR) and sustained-release (SR) formulations, and to estimate the expected antiviral activity as a function of different assumptions on the effective exposure in human. Different dosage regimens were evaluated for IR formulation (25 mg and 50 mg three-times-a-day, and 25 mg four-times-a-day), and SR formulation (75 mg once and twice-a-day). The best performing dosing regimens were: 50 mg three-times-a-day for the IR formulation, and 75 mg twice-a-day for the SR formulation. The treatment with the SR formulation at the dose of 75 mg twice-a-day is expected to achieve a complete response in three days for the treatment in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. These results suggest that indomethacin could be considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 whose potential therapeutic effect need to be further assessed in a prospective clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gomeni
- Pharmacometrica, Lieu-Dit Longcol, 12270, La Fouillade, France.
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Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of a hot-water extract of coccolithophore Pleurochrysis carterae on melanogenesis in B16F1 and B16F10 melanoma cells. P. carterae extract inhibited the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-enhanced melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. P. carterae also inhibited unstimulated melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Western blotting showed that the P. carterae extract inhibited tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a dose-dependent manner. The reporter assay also revealed a decline in the tyrosinase promoter activity in the presence of P. carterae extract. Furthermore, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that P. carterae extract downregulated the mRNA levels of tyrosinase and MITF. Finally, our study demonstrated that the hot-water extract of P. carterae inhibits melanin synthesis via the down-regulation of MITF mRNA level. Our findings indicate that P. carterae extract could be a possible cosmetic ingredient.
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Metabolic targeting synergizes with MAPK inhibition and delays drug resistance in melanoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:453-463. [PMID: 30481565 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors, including melanomas, frequently show an accelerated glucose metabolism. Mutations in the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), detected in about 50% of all melanomas, result in further enhancement of glycolysis. Therefore anti-metabolic substances might enhance the impact of RAF inhibitors. We have identified the two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac and lumiracoxib being able to restrict energy metabolism in human melanoma cells by targeting lactate release and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In combination with the RAF inhibitor vemurafenib strong synergism was observed: Diclofenac as well as lumiracoxib increased the anti-glycolytic impact of vemurafenib and prevented RAF-inhibitor induced metabolic reprogramming towards OXPHOS. Consequently, both NSAIDs sensitized melanoma cells to vemurafenib triggered proliferation arrest and enhanced the anti-tumor effect of RAF inhibitors from cytostatic to cytotoxic. Furthermore the addition of NSAIDs delayed the onset of RAF inhibitor resistance, most likely by counteracting the upregulation of MITF. Our data suggest that selected NSAIDs could be a promising combination partner for MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of BRAFV600E mutated melanomas.
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