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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Liu Y. Recent status of sesaminol and its glucosides: Synthesis, metabolism, and biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12043-12056. [PMID: 35821660 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sesamum indicum is a major and important oilseed crop that is believed to promote human health in many countries, especially in China. Sesame seeds contain two types of lignans: lipid-soluble lignans and water-soluble glucosylated lignans. The major glucosylated lignans are sesaminol glucosides (SGs). So far, four sesaminol isomers and four SGs are identified. During the naturally occurring process of SGs production, sesaminol is generated first from two molecules of E-coniferyl alcohol, and then the sugar is added to the sesaminol one by one, leading to production of SGs. Sesaminol can be prepared from SGs, from sesamolin, and through artificial synthesis. SGs are metabolized in the liver and intestine and are then transported to other tissues. They exhibit several biological activities, most of which are based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we present an overview of the current status of research on sesaminol and SGs. We have also discussed their synthesis, preparation, metabolism, and biological activities. It has been suggested that sesaminol and SGs are important biological substances with strong antioxidant properties in vitro and in vivo and are widely used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetic products. The recovery and utilization of SGs from sesame seed cake after oil processing will generate massive economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Yanai T, Takahashi Y, Katsumura E, Sakai N, Takeshita K, Imaizumi R, Matsuura H, Hongo S, Waki T, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Kataoka K, Nakayama T, Yamashita S. Structural insights into a bacterial β-glucosidase capable of degrading sesaminol triglucoside to produce sesaminol: toward the understanding of the aglycone recognition mechanism by the C-terminal lid domain. J Biochem 2023; 174:335-344. [PMID: 37384427 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sesaminol triglucoside (STG)-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus sp. (PSTG1), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3), is a promising catalyst for the industrial production of sesaminol. We determined the X-ray crystal structure of PSTG1 with bound glycerol molecule in the putative active site. PSTG1 monomer contained typical three domains of GH3 with the active site in domain 1 (TIM barrel). In addition, PSTG1 contained an additional domain (domain 4) at the C-terminus that interacts with the active site of the other protomer as a lid in the dimer unit. Interestingly, the interface of domain 4 and the active site forms a hydrophobic cavity probably for recognizing the hydrophobic aglycone moiety of substrate. The short flexible loop region of TIM barrel was found to be approaching the interface of domain 4 and the active site. We found that n-heptyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside detergent acts as an inhibitor for PSTG1. Thus, we propose that the recognition of hydrophobic aglycone moiety is important for PSTG1-catalyzed reactions. Domain 4 might be a potential target for elucidating the aglycone recognition mechanism of PSTG1 as well as for engineering PSTG1 to create a further excellent enzyme to degrade STG more efficiently to produce sesaminol.
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Key Words
- glycoside hydrolase family 3
- sesaminol triglucoside
- β-glucosidase.Abbreviations: STG, sesaminol triglucoside; PSTG1, STG-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus sp; GH3, Glycoside Hydrolase Family 3; TIM, Triosephosphate isomerase, Fn-III, Fibronectin type III; 2-SDG, 2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylsesaminol; 6-SDG, 6-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylsesaminol; SMG, β-D-glucopyranosylsesaminol; HTG, n-Heptyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside; OTG, n-Octyl-β-D-glucoside; pNP-β-Glc, p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yanai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yukino Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eri Katsumura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakai
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Riki Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hongo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Waki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kunishige Kataoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-11, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Hernandez AI, Dos Santos Azevedo R, Werhli AV, Dos Santos Machado K, Nornberg BF, F Marins L. Phylogenetic analysis, computer modeling and catalytic prediction of an Amazonian soil β-glucosidase against a soybean saponin. Integr Biol (Camb) 2022; 14:204-211. [PMID: 36691944 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are amphipathic glycosides with detergent properties present in vegetables. These compounds, when ingested, can cause difficulties in absorbing nutrients from food and even induce inflammatory processes in the intestine. There is already some evidence that saponins can be degraded by β-glucosidases of the GH3 family. In the present study, we evaluated, through computational tools, the possibility of a β-glucosidase (AMBGL17) obtained from a metagenomic analysis of the Amazonian soil, to catalytically interact with a saponin present in soybean. For this, the amino acid sequence of AMBGL17 was used in a phylogenetic analysis to estimate its origin and to determine its three-dimensional structure. The 3D structure of the enzyme was used in a molecular docking analysis to evaluate its interaction with soy saponin as a ligand. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that AMBGL17 comes from a microorganism of the phylum Chloroflexi, probably related to species of the order Aggregatinales. Molecular docking showed that soybean saponin can interact with the catalytic site of AMBGL17, with the amino acid GLY345 being important in this catalytic interaction, especially with a β-1,2 glycosidic bond present in the carbohydrate portion of saponin. In conclusion, AMBGL17 is an enzyme with interesting biotechnological potential in terms of mitigating the anti-nutritional and pro-inflammatory effects of saponins present in vegetables used for human and animal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Hernandez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Raíza Dos Santos Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano V Werhli
- Center of Computational Science (C3), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Dos Santos Machado
- Center of Computational Science (C3), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna F Nornberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F Marins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Andargie M, Vinas M, Rathgeb A, Möller E, Karlovsky P. Lignans of Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.): A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:883. [PMID: 33562414 PMCID: PMC7914952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major lignans of sesame sesamin and sesamolin are benzodioxol--substituted furofurans. Sesamol, sesaminol, its epimers, and episesamin are transformation products found in processed products. Synthetic routes to all lignans are known but only sesamol is synthesized industrially. Biosynthesis of furofuran lignans begins with the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol, followed by the formation of dioxoles, oxidation, and glycosylation. Most genes of the lignan pathway in sesame have been identified but the inheritance of lignan content is poorly understood. Health-promoting properties make lignans attractive components of functional food. Lignans enhance the efficiency of insecticides and possess antifeedant activity, but their biological function in plants remains hypothetical. In this work, extensive literature including historical texts is reviewed, controversial issues are critically examined, and errors perpetuated in literature are corrected. The following aspects are covered: chemical properties and transformations of lignans; analysis, purification, and total synthesis; occurrence in Seseamum indicum and related plants; biosynthesis and genetics; biological activities; health-promoting properties; and biological functions. Finally, the improvement of lignan content in sesame seeds by breeding and biotechnology and the potential of hairy roots for manufacturing lignans in vitro are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebeaselassie Andargie
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Vinas
- Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS), University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Jose, Costa Rica;
| | - Anna Rathgeb
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Evelyn Möller
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.R.); (E.M.)
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Ono E, Waki T, Oikawa D, Murata J, Shiraishi A, Toyonaga H, Kato M, Ogata N, Takahashi S, Yamaguchi MA, Horikawa M, Nakayama T. Glycoside-specific glycosyltransferases catalyze regio-selective sequential glucosylations for a sesame lignan, sesaminol triglucoside. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1221-1233. [PMID: 31654577 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds contain a large number of lignans, phenylpropanoid-related plant specialized metabolites. (+)-Sesamin and (+)-sesamolin are major hydrophobic lignans, whereas (+)-sesaminol primarily accumulates as a water-soluble sesaminol triglucoside (STG) with a sugar chain branched via β1→2 and β1→6-O-glucosidic linkages [i.e. (+)-sesaminol 2-O-β-d-glucosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucoside-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucoside]. We previously reported that the 2-O-glucosylation of (+)-sesaminol aglycon and β1→6-O-glucosylation of (+)-sesaminol 2-O-β-d-glucoside (SMG) are mediated by UDP-sugar-dependent glucosyltransferases (UGT), UGT71A9 and UGT94D1, respectively. Here we identified a distinct UGT, UGT94AG1, that specifically catalyzes the β1→2-O-glucosylation of SMG and (+)-sesaminol 2-O-β-d-glucosyl-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucoside [termed SDG(β1→6)]. UGT94AG1 was phylogenetically related to glycoside-specific glycosyltransferases (GGTs) and co-ordinately expressed with UGT71A9 and UGT94D1 in the seeds. The role of UGT94AG1 in STG biosynthesis was further confirmed by identification of a STG-deficient sesame mutant that predominantly accumulates SDG(β1→6) due to a destructive insertion in the coding sequence of UGT94AG1. We also identified UGT94AA2 as an alternative UGT potentially involved in sugar-sugar β1→6-O-glucosylation, in addition to UGT94D1, during STG biosynthesis. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that UGT71A9, UGT94AG1, and UGT94AA2 were found to interact with a membrane-associated P450 enzyme, CYP81Q1 (piperitol/sesamin synthase), suggesting that these UGTs are components of a membrane-bound metabolon for STG biosynthesis. A comparison of kinetic parameters of these UGTs further suggested that the main β-O-glucosylation sequence of STG biosynthesis is β1→2-O-glucosylation of SMG by UGT94AG1 followed by UGT94AA2-mediated β1→6-O-glucosylation. These findings together establish the complete biosynthetic pathway of STG and shed light on the evolvability of regio-selectivity of sequential glucosylations catalyzed by GGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Ono
- Suntory Global Innovation Center (SIC) Ltd., Research Institute, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Waki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Daiki Oikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jun Murata
- Suntory Bioorganic Research Institute (SUNBOR), Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Suntory Bioorganic Research Institute (SUNBOR), Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyonaga
- Suntory Global Innovation Center (SIC) Ltd., Research Institute, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogata
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Horikawa
- Suntory Bioorganic Research Institute (SUNBOR), Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
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