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Baek JS, Lee JH, Kim JH, Cho SS, Kim YS, Yang JH, Shin EJ, Kang HG, Kim SJ, Ahn SG, Park EY, Baek DJ, Yim SK, Kang KW, Ki SH, Kim KM. An inducible sphingosine kinase 1 in hepatic stellate cells potentiates liver fibrosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116520. [PMID: 39236934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a role in hepatic fibrosis and sphingosine kinase (SphK) is involved in biological processes. As studies on the regulatory mechanisms and functions of SphK in HSCs during liver fibrosis are currently limited, this study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism and connected pathways of SphK upon HSC activation. The expression of SphK1 was higher in HSCs than in hepatocytes, and upregulated in activated primary HSCs. SphK1 was also increased in liver homogenates of carbon tetrachloride-treated or bile duct ligated mice and in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated LX-2 cells. TGF-β-mediated SphK1 induction was due to Smad3 signaling in LX-2 cells. SphK1 modulation altered the expression of liver fibrogenesis-related genes. This SphK1-mediated profibrogenic effect was dependent on SphK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling through ERK. Epigallocatechin gallate blocked TGF-β-induced SphK1 expression and hepatic fibrogenesis by attenuating Smad and MAPK activation. SphK1 induced by TGF-β facilitates HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis, which is reversed by epigallocatechin gallate. Accordingly, SphK1 and related signal transduction may be utilized to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sol Baek
- MRC-OSTRC, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- MRC-OSTRC, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- MRC-OSTRC, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- MRC-OSTRC, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Institute of Well-Aging Medicare & Chosun University G-LAMP Project Group, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Institute of Well-Aging Medicare & Chosun University G-LAMP Project Group, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Institute of Well-Aging Medicare & Chosun University G-LAMP Project Group, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kun Yim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, 21-7, Nonggongdanji 4Gil, Wando-eup, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do 59108, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- MRC-OSTRC, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biological Sciences & BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; Institute of Well-Aging Medicare & Chosun University G-LAMP Project Group, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Chen D, Wu J, Qiu X, Luo S, Huang S, Wei E, Qin M, Huang J, Liu S. SPHK1 potentiates colorectal cancer progression and metastasis via regulating autophagy mediated by TRAF6-induced ULK1 ubiquitination. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:410-419. [PMID: 38135696 PMCID: PMC10940154 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A sphingolipid metabolite regulator, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), plays a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies have demonstrated that invasion and metastasis of CRC are promoted by SPHK1-driven autophagy. However, the exact mechanism of SPHK1 drives autophagy to promote tumor progression remains unclear. Here, immunohistochemical detection showed the expression of SPHK1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) in human CRC tissues was stronger than in adjacent normal tissues, they were both associated with distance metastasis. It was discovered that knockdown of SPHK1 reduced the expression of TRAF6, inhibited autophagy, and inhibited the growth and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro. Moreover, the effects of SPHK1-downregulating were reversed by overexpression of TRAF6 in CRC cells transfected by double-gene. Overexpression of SPHK1 and TRAF6 promoted the expression of autophagy protein LC3 and Vimentin, while downregulated the expression of autophagy protein P62 and E-cadherin. The expression of autophagy-related ubiquitination protein ULK1 and Ubiquitin protein were significantly upregulated in TRAF6-overexpressed CRC cells. In addition, autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) significantly inhibited the metastasis-promoting effect of SPHK1 and TRAF6, suppressed the expression of LC3 and Vimentin, and promoted the expression of P62 and E-cadherin, in CRC cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed SPHK1 and TRAF6 were co-localized in HT29 CRC cell membrane and cytoplasm. Immunoprecipitation detection showed SPHK1 was efficiently combined with the endogenous TRAF6, and the interaction was also detected reciprocally. Additionally, proteasome inhibitor MG132 treatment upregulated the expression of TRAF6 and the level of Ubiquitin protein, in SPHK1-downregulating CRC cells. These results reveal that SPHK1 potentiates CRC progression and metastasis via regulating autophagy mediated by TRAF6-induced ULK1 ubiquitination. SPHK1-TRAF6-ULK1 signaling axis is critical to the progression of CRC and provides a new strategy for the therapeutic control of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiangni Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xinze Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shibo Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shanpei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Erdan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shiquan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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Tang M, Wu H, Zhang H, Xu X, Jiang B, Chen Q, Wei Y, Qian H, Han L. Actin filament-associated protein 1-antisense RNA1 promotes the development and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via the AFAP1-AS1/miR-133a-5p/ZIC2 axis. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3654. [PMID: 38282153 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to explore the biological role and underlying mechanism of the long non-coding RNA actin filament-associated protein 1-antisense RNA1 (lncRNA AFAP1-AS1) in the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). METHODS A quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-qPCR) was conducted to assess relative levels of the miR-133a-5p, lncRNAs AFAP1-AS1 and zinc finger family member 2 (ZIC2) in TSCC cell lines and specimens, whereas ZIC2 protein levels were measured using western blotting. After modifying the levels of expression of lncRNA AFP1-AS1, miR-133a-5p and ZIC2 using lentivirus or plasmid transfection, we examined AKT/epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling pathway alterations, in vivo carcinogenesis of TSCC in nude mice and in vitro malignant phenotypes. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the targeting relationship between ZIC2 and miR-133a-5p, as well as between miR-133a-5p and lncRNA AFAP1-AS1. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we additionally validated AFP1-AS1. The potential biological pathway for AFP1-AS1 was investigated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We also evaluated the clinical diagnostic capacities of AFP1-AS1 and clustered the most potential biomarkers with the Mfuzz expression pattern. Finally, we also made relevant drug predictions for AFP1-AS1. RESULTS In TSCC cell lines and specimens, lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 was upregulated. ZIC2 was upregulated in TSCC cells as a result of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 overexpression, which also promoted TSCC cell migration, invasion, viability, and proliferation. Via the microRNA sponge effect, it was found that lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 could upregulate ZIC2 by competitively inhibiting miR-133a-5p. Interestingly, knockdown of ZIC2 reversed the biological roles of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 with respect to inducing malignant phenotypes in TSCC cells. In addition, in vivo overexpression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 triggered subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice implanted with TSCC cells and upregulated ZIC2 in the tumors. The TCGA database findings revealed that AFAP1-AS1 was significantly upregulated in TSCC specimens and had good clinical diagnostic value. The results of GSEA showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway was significantly correlated with low expression of AFP1-AS1. Finally, the results of drug prediction indicated that the group with high AFAP1-AS1 expression was more sensitive to docetaxel, AZD4547, AZD7762 and nilotinib. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1, which increases TSCC cell viability, migration, proliferation and invasion via the AFAP1-AS1/miR-133a-5p/ZIC2 axis, aids in the progression of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaiqin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rugao People's Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjiang Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingze Wei
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Qian
- Central Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Kim KM, Shin EJ, Yang JH, Ki SH. Integrative roles of sphingosine kinase in liver pathophysiology. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:549-564. [PMID: 37779595 PMCID: PMC10541397 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids and enzymes that metabolize sphingolipid-related substances have been considered as critical messengers in various signaling pathways. One such enzyme is the crucial lipid kinase, sphingosine kinase (SphK), which mediates the conversion of sphingosine to the potent signaling substance, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Several studies have demonstrated that SphK metabolism is strictly regulated to maintain the homeostatic balance of cells. Here, we summarize the role of SphK in the course of liver disease and illustrate its effects on both physiological and pathological conditions of the liver. SphK has been implicated in a variety of liver diseases, such as steatosis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure. This study may advance the understanding of the cellular and molecular foundations of liver disease and establish therapeutic approaches via SphK modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-Do 58245 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
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Almansa-Gómez S, Prieto-Ruiz F, Cansado J, Madrid M. Autophagy Modulation as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Osteosarcoma: Current Insights and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13827. [PMID: 37762129 PMCID: PMC10531374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process that enables the recycling and degradation of cellular components, is essential for homeostasis, which occurs in response to various types of stress. Autophagy plays an important role in the genesis and evolution of osteosarcoma (OS). The conventional treatment of OS has limitations and is not always effective at controlling the disease. Therefore, numerous researchers have analyzed how controlling autophagy could be used as a treatment or strategy to reverse resistance to therapy in OS. They highlight how the inhibition of autophagy improves the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments and how the promotion of autophagy could prove positive in OS therapy. The modulation of autophagy can also be directed against OS stem cells, improving treatment efficacy and preventing cancer recurrence. Despite promising findings, future studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its relationship to OS, as well as the mechanisms underlying the functioning of autophagic modulators. Careful evaluation is required as autophagy modulation may have adverse effects on normal cells, and the optimization of autophagic modulators for use as drugs in OS is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Cansado
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Marisa Madrid
- Yeast Physiology Group, Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.A.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
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Autophagy as a self-digestion signal in human cancers: Regulation by microRNAs in affecting carcinogenesis and therapy response. Pharmacol Res 2023; 189:106695. [PMID: 36780958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is defined as a "self-digestion" signal, and it is a cell death mechanism its primary function is degrading toxic agents and aged organelles to ensure homeostasis in cells. The basic leve ls of autophagy are found in cells, and when its levels exceed to standard threshold, cell death induction is observed. Autophagy dysregulation in cancer has been well-documented, and regulation of this pathway by epigenetic factors, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), is interesting and noteworthy. miRNAs are considered short endogenous RNAs that do not encode functional proteins, and they are essential regulators of cell death pathways such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Accumulating data has revealed miRNA dysregulation (upregulation or downregulation) during tumor progression, and their therapeutic manipulation provides new insight into cancer therapy. miRNA/autophagy axis in human cancers has been investigated an exciting point is the dual function of both autophagy and miRNAs as oncogenic and onco-suppressor factors. The stimulation of pro-survival autophagy by miRNAs can increase the survival rate of tumor cells and mediates cancer metastasis via EMT inductionFurthermore, pro-death autophagy induction by miRNAs has a negative impact on the viability of tumor cells and decreases their survival rate. The miRNA/autophagy axis functions beyond regulating the growth and invasion of tumor cells, and they can also affect drug resistance and radio-resistance. These subjects are covered in the current review regarding the new updates provided by recent experiments.
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Regulation of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Osteosarcoma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020398. [PMID: 36830767 PMCID: PMC9953423 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process that has been linked to the promotion of aggressive cellular features in many cancer types. It is characterized by the loss of the epithelial cell phenotype and a shift to a more mesenchymal phenotype and is accompanied by an associated change in cell markers. EMT is highly complex and regulated via multiple signaling pathways. While the importance of EMT is classically described for carcinomas-cancers of epithelial origin-it has also been clearly demonstrated in non-epithelial cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS), a primary bone cancer predominantly affecting children and young adults. Recent studies examining EMT in OS have highlighted regulatory roles for multiple proteins, non-coding nucleic acids, and components of the tumor micro-environment. This review serves to summarize these experimental findings, identify key families of regulatory molecules, and identify potential therapeutic targets specific to the EMT process in OS.
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circSYPL1 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the Upregulation of EZH2 Expression by Competing with hsa-miR-506-3p. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2659563. [PMID: 35345511 PMCID: PMC8957443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2659563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs are crucial for progressing of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the function or mechanisms of a newly discovered circRNA, circSYPL1, as well as miR-506-3p, in the progression of HCC are mostly unexplained. The purpose of this research was to determine the mechanisms by which circSYPL1 and miR-506-3p regulate the malignant features of HCC. Methods. The expression level of circSYPL1 was indeed detected using real-time PCR in HCC cell lines, primary as well as metastatic cancers. To assess the functionality of circSYPL1 upregulation and knockdown, we used proliferation and apoptosis, in addition to migration assays, as well as tumor xenograft and lung metastasis assays. The mechanisms of competing endogenous RNAs with circSYPL1/miR-506-3p/EZH2 were investigated using luciferase as well as RNA pull-down experiments. Lastly, cell proliferation and migration, in addition to tumor xenograft tests, were used to validate the biological significance of the circSYPL1/miR-506-3p/EZH2 signaling axis through overexpression or otherwise silencing. Results. circSYPL1 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines, in addition to primary and metastatic tumors of patients with HCC. Additionally, it may promote HCC initiation, development as well as progression. By knocking down circSYPL1 siRNA, we were able to drastically decrease the aggressiveness of HCC cells. circSYPL1 sponged miR-506-3p to boost EZH2 expression levels, as indicated by luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Furthermore, circSYPL1 overexpression could upregulate EZH2 expression, while miR-506-3p mimics or EZH2 shRNAs could reverse the circSYPL1-induced malignancy of HCC cells. Conclusion. On a mechanistic level, circSYPL1 can interact with miR-506-3p in a competitive manner to upregulate EZH2, hence increasing the aggressiveness of tumors.
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Si L, Yang Z, Ding L, Zhang D. Regulatory effects of lncRNAs and miRNAs on the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT in cancer: a new era for cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:547-564. [PMID: 35083552 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) are the two principal biological processes and ideal therapeutic targets during cancer development. Autophagy, a highly conserved process for degrading dysfunctional cellular components, plays a dual role in tumors depending on the tumor stage and tissue types. The EMT process is the transition differentiation from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal-like cell and acquiring metastatic potential. There is evidence that the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT is complex in cancer. In recent years, more studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in autophagy, EMT, and their crosstalk. Therefore, accurate understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and miRNAs in autophagy, EMT and their interactions is crucial for the clinical management of cancers. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted on the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The keywords used for the search included: autophagy, EMT, crosstalk, lncRNAs, miRNAs, cancers, diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. This search provided relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals until 2021. Data from these various studies were extracted and used in this review. RESULTS The results showed that lncRNAs/miRNAs as tumor inhibitors or tumor inducers could regulate autophagy, EMT, and their interaction by regulating several molecular signaling pathways. The lncRNAs/miRNAs involved in autophagy and EMT processes could have potential uses in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. CONCLUSION Such information could help find and develop lncRNAs/miRNAs based new tools for diagnosing, prognosis, and creating anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Si
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Duoduo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
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Sadri Nahand J, Salmaninejad A, Mollazadeh S, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Rezaee M, Sheida AH, Sadoughi F, Dana PM, Rafiyan M, Zamani M, Taghavi SP, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Moghoofei M, Karimzadeh M, Vosough M, Mirzaei H. Virus, Exosome, and MicroRNA: New Insights into Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1401:97-162. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Uzuner E, Ulu GT, Gürler SB, Baran Y. The Role of MiRNA in Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2257:375-422. [PMID: 34432288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1170-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is also determined by the alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These gene expressions can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNA). At this point, researchers focus on addressing two main questions: "How are oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes regulated by miRNAs?" and "Which other mechanisms in cancer cells are regulated by miRNAs?" In this work we focus on gathering the publications answering these questions. The expression of miRNAs is affected by amplification, deletion or mutation. These processes are controlled by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which regulate different mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression including cell proliferation, cell growth, apoptosis, DNA repair, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, metabolic regulation, and immune response regulation in cancer cells. In addition, profiling of miRNA is an important step in developing a new therapeutic approach for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Uzuner
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tugçe Ulu
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevim Beyza Gürler
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
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Yang M, Yang Z, Pan X, Huang X, Yang L, Xue Y. miR-506-3p regulates TGF- 1 and affects dermal fibroblast proliferation, migration and collagen formation after thermal injury. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101548. [PMID: 33940568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are a promising candidate for cellular-based therapies for thermal wound healing because of their capacity of producing extracellular matrix (ECM), promoting wound contraction and the synthesis of type I collagen, and secreting growth factors. miRNAs (MicroRNAs) might mediate the role of TGF-β1(Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1), one of the major profibrotic cytokines, in improving thermal injury repair. In the present study, we observed the abnormal downregulation of TGF-β1 following thermal injury in the burnt dermis (in vivo) and heat-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (in vitro). TGF-β1 overexpression reversed heat stimulation-induced repression on fibroblast viability, migration, and ECM synthesis. As demonstrated by online tool prediction and experimental analysis, miR-506-3p downregulated TGF-β1 levels via directly targeting TGFB1. In heat-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts, miR-506-3p expression showed to be significantly upregulated. miR-506-3p inhibition also reversed heat stimulation-induced repression on fibroblast viability, migration, and ECM synthesis; more importantly, TGF-β1 silencing aggravated the thermal injury in vitro and significantly reversed the effects of miR-506-3p inhibition on heat-stimulated dermal fibroblasts. In conclusion, miR-506-3p and its downstream target TGF-β1 form a regulatory axis, modulating the cell viability, migration, and ECM synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts following burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Xinwen Pan
- College of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiangjun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yaling Xue
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
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13
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Zhao X, Bai X, Li W, Gao X, Wang X, Li B. microRNA-506-3p suppresses the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells via targeting SNAI2. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Ho WY. Unraveling the roles of miRNAs in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105818. [PMID: 34400316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most prevalent primary bone tumors with a high metastatic and recurrence rate with poor prognosis. MiRNAs are short and non-coding RNAs that could regulate various cellular activities and one of them is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Osteosarcoma cells that have undergone EMT would lose their cellular polarity and acquire invasive and metastatic characteristics. Our literature search showed that many pre-clinical and clinical studies have reported the roles of miRNAs in modulating the EMT process in osteosarcoma and compared to other cancers like breast cancer, there is a lack of review article which effectively summarizes the various roles of EMT-regulating miRNAs in osteosarcoma. This review, therefore, was aimed to discuss and summarize the EMT-promoting and EMT-suppressing roles of different miRNAs in osteosarcoma. The review would begin with the discussion on the concepts and principles of EMT, followed by the exploration of the diverse roles of EMT-regulating miRNAs in osteosarcoma. Subsequently, the potential use of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in osteosarcoma to predict the likelihood of metastases and as therapeutic agents would be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Wu JN, Lin L, Luo SB, Qiu XZ, Zhu LY, Chen D, Wei ED, Fu ZH, Qin MB, Liang ZH, Huang JA, Liu SQ. SphK1-driven autophagy potentiates focal adhesion paxillin-mediated metastasis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6010-6021. [PMID: 34268882 PMCID: PMC8419751 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related death. Accumulating evidence suggested that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) promoted the metastasis of CRC and autophagy played an important role in SphK1 promoting the metastasis of malignancy. However, the mechanism by which SphK1‐driven autophagy promotes invasion and metastasis in CRC remains to be clarified. In the present study, immunohistochemical detection showed the expression of SphK1 and paxillin was higher in human CRC tissues than those of normal colorectal mucosal tissues, they were both associated with TNM staging, lymphatic, and distance metastasis. In addition, study of in situ tumor transplantation model in nude mice showed that the suppression of SphK1 inhibited the growth of colonic orthotopic implantation tumors and the expression of paxillin, p‐paxillin, LC3 in the tumor. So, SphK1 may promote CRC metastasis via inducing the expression of paxillin expression and its phosphorylation, in vivo. Furthermore, results of CCK8 assay, transwell and wound healing assays showed that SphK1 promoted the viability, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells. Transmission electron microscopy detection showed that SphK1 is the key factor in autophagy induction in CRC cells. Moreover, western blot examination indicated that the expression of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, paxillin, p‐paxillin, MMP‐2, and vimentin was enhanced in SphK1‐overexpressed CRC cells and suppressed in SphK1 knockdown CRC cells, meanwhile, the expression of E‐cadherin was suppressed in SphK1‐overexpressed CRC cells and enhanced in SphK1 knockdown CRC cells. Suppression of autophagy by 3MA reversed the expression of paxillin and its phosphorylation in SphK1‐overexpressed CRC cells, indicated that SphK1‐driven autophagy induced the expression of paxillin and its phosphorylation in CRC cells. Together, these findings reveal that SphK1‐driven autophagy may promote the invasion and metastasis of CRC via promoting the expression of focal adhesion paxillin and its phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ni Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bo Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ze Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ye Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Da Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Er-Dan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Bin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hai Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jie-An Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Quan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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16
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Sadri Nahand J, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Taghizadieh M, Ebrahimi MS, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Khatami A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Mirzaei HR, Rahimian N, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Oncogenic viruses and chemoresistance: What do we know? Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105730. [PMID: 34119621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is often referred to as a major leading reason for cancer therapy failure, causing cancer relapse and further metastasis. As a result, an urgent need has been raised to reach a full comprehension of chemoresistance-associated molecular pathways, thereby designing new therapy methods. Many of metastatic tumor masses are found to be related with a viral cause. Although combined therapy is perceived as the model role therapy in such cases, chemoresistant features, which is more common in viral carcinogenesis, often get into way of this kind of therapy, minimizing the chance of survival. Some investigations indicate that the infecting virus dominates other leading factors, i.e., genetic alternations and tumor microenvironment, in development of cancer cell chemoresistance. Herein, we have gathered the available evidence on the mechanisms under which oncogenic viruses cause drug-resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Liu XL, Liu WJ, Chen Q, Liu J, Yang CQ, Zhang G, Zhang SL, Guo WH, Li JB, Zhao G, Yin DC, Zhang CY. miR-506-loaded gelatin nanospheres target PENK and inactivate the ERK/Fos signaling pathway to suppress triple-negative breast cancer aggressiveness. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:538-555. [PMID: 34062009 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) were abnormally expressed in TNBC, and they are closely related to the occurrence and progression of TNBC. Here, we found that miR-506 was significantly downregulated in TNBC and relatively lower miR-506 expression predicted a poorer prognosis. Moreover, we found that miR-506 could inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion, and suppress the ERK/Fos oncogenic signaling pathway through upregulating its direct target protein proenkephalin (PENK). Therefore, miR-506 was proposed as a nucleic acid drug for TNBC therapy. However, miRNA is unstable in vivo, which limiting its application as a therapeutic drug via conventional oral or injected therapies. Here, a gelatin nanosphere (GN) delivery system was applied for the first time to load exogenous miRNA. Exogenous miR-506 mimic was loaded on GNs and injected into the in situ TNBC animal model, and the miR-506 could achieve sustained and controlled release. The results confirmed that overexpression of miR-506 and PENK in vivo through loading on GNs inhibited in situ triple-negative breast tumor growth and metastasis significantly in the xenograft model. Moreover, we indicated that the ERK/Fos signaling pathway was intensively inactivated after overexpression of miR-506 and PENK both in vitro and in vivo, which was further validated by the ERK1/2-specific inhibitor SCH772984. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that miR-506-loaded GNs have great potential in anti-TNBC aggressiveness therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang-Qing Yang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Hong Guo
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Bao Li
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen-Yan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Wang Z, Liu Q, Huang P, Cai G. miR-299-3p suppresses cell progression and induces apoptosis by downregulating PAX3 in gastric cancer. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:266-276. [PMID: 33817318 PMCID: PMC8005920 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is ranked the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, with an over 75% mortality rate worldwide. In recent years, miR-299-3p has been identified as a biomarker in multiple cancers, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia, thyroid cancer, and lung cancer. However, the regulatory mechanism of miR-299-3p in GC cell progression is still largely unclear. Cell viability and apoptosis tests were performed by CCK8 and flow cytometry assay, respectively. Transwell assay was recruited to examine cell invasion ability. The interaction between miR-299-3p and PAX3 was determined by the luciferase reporter system. PAX3 protein level was evaluated by western blot assay. The expression of miR-299-3p was downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines (MKN-45, AGS, and MGC-803) compared with the normal tissues and cells. Besides, overexpression of miR-299-3p significantly suppressed proliferation and invasion and promoted apoptosis in GC. Next, we clarified that PAX3 expression was regulated by miR-299-3p using a luciferase reporter system, qRT-PCR, and western blot assay. Additionally, downregulation of PAX3 repressed GC cell progression. The rescue experiments indicated that restoration of PAX3 inversed miR-299-3p-mediated inhibition on cell proliferation and invasion. miR-299-3p suppresses cell proliferation and invasion as well as induces apoptosis by regulating PAX3 expression in GC, representing desirable biomarkers for GC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, No. 19 Xiuhua Rd, Xiuying District, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, No. 19 Xiuhua Rd, Xiuying District, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, No. 19 Xiuhua Rd, Xiuying District, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guohao Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, No. 19 Xiuhua Rd, Xiuying District, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
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19
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Ding L, Sun R, Yan Q, Wang C, Han X, Cui Y, Li R, Liu J. MiR-506 exerts antineoplastic effects on osteosarcoma cells via inhibition of the Skp2 oncoprotein. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6724-6739. [PMID: 33621206 PMCID: PMC7993745 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) performs oncogenic functions in cancers; however, how Skp2 is regulated post-transcriptionally is elusive in osteosarcoma. Therefore, we determined whether miR-506 could directly target Skp2 in osteosarcoma to perform its tumor suppressive functions. Here, we found that miR-506 mimics suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and attenuated migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, upregulation of Skp2 accelerated cell viability and motility and rescued the tumor suppressive effect of miR-506 in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, downregulation of Skp2 inhibited cell viability and decreased cell motility, which enhanced the antitumor activity induced by miR-506 mimic transfection in osteosarcoma cells. Our western blotting results implied that miR-506 inhibited Skp2 expression and subsequently upregulated Foxo1 and p57 in OS cells. In summary, miR-506 performs an anticancer activity via directly targeting Skp2 in osteosarcoma cells, indicating that inactivation of Skp2 by miR-506 might be an alternative strategy for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Postdoctoral Research Center on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rongxin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Han
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rong Li
- Postdoctoral Research Center on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Center on Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Postdoctoral Research Center on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.,Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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20
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Motono N, Ueda Y, Shimasaki M, Iwai S, Iijima Y, Usuda K, Uramoto H. Prognostic Impact of Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:2632010X20988531. [PMID: 33623898 PMCID: PMC7879003 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x20988531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipid is clearly relevant to lung physiology. The relationship of the bioactive sphingolipid pathway to pulmonary disease has been studied in cellular, tissue, and animal model, including lung cancer models. The samples of 53 patients diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) between June 2009 and May 2014 at our hospital were analyzed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed. The degree of immunostaining was reviewed and scored. Using this method of assessment, we evaluated the IHC score of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), vimentin, E-cadherin, and Ki-67. Both invasive adenocarcinoma cell and squamous cell carcinoma cell were well stained by SPHK1, and fibroblasts were also well stained by SPHK1. Although the IHC score of SPHK1 was not significantly differed between invasive adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the IHC scores of fibroblast, vimentin, and Ki-67 were higher in squamous cell carcinoma than invasive adenocarcinoma. Correlation among IHC scores in each of invasive adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma was performed. SPHK1 had positive correlation with both fibroblast and Ki-67, and fibroblast and Ki-67 had also positive correlation in invasive adenocarcinoma. On the contrary, SPHK1 had no significant correlation with fibroblast, and had negative correlation with Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma. Although there was not significant prognostic difference in SPHK1 score (P = .09), IHC score high group tended to be worse on relapse-free survival. SPHK1 might be prognostic factor in lung-invasive adenocarcinoma and novel target for drug against lung-invasive adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Motono
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Ueda
- Department of Pathology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Miyako Shimasaki
- Department of Pathology II, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Shun Iwai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Iijima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Katsuo Usuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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21
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Wang X, Sun Y, Peng X, Naqvi SMAS, Yang Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen H, Yan H, Wei G, Hong P, Lu Y. The Tumorigenic Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Its Potential Therapeutic Target. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820976664. [PMID: 33317322 PMCID: PMC8480355 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820976664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) regulates cell proliferation and survival by converting sphingosine to the signaling mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SPHK1 is widely overexpressed in most cancers, promoting tumor progression and is associated with clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have explored SPHK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, due to insufficient knowledge of SPHK1 oncogenic mechanisms, its inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer still needs further investigation. In this review, we summarized the metabolic balance regulated by the SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway and highlighted the oncogenic mechanisms of SPHK1 via the upregulation of autophagy, proliferation, and survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Drug candidates targeting SPHK1 were also discussed at the end. This review provides new insights into the oncogenic effect of SPHK1 and sheds light on the future direction for targeting SPHK1 as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Syed Manzar Abbas Shah Naqvi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Meiwen Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyue Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huizi Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Guangliang Wei
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Hong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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22
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Transcriptional Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112437. [PMID: 33171624 PMCID: PMC7695205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be primarily structural in nature, sphingolipids have become increasingly appreciated as second messengers in a wide array of signaling pathways. Sphingosine kinase 1, or SK1, is one of two sphingosine kinases that phosphorylate sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is generally pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and pro-survival; therefore, high SK1 expression and activity have been associated with certain inflammatory diseases and cancer. It is thus important to develop an understanding of the regulation of SK1 expression and activity. In this review, we explore the current literature on SK1 transcriptional regulation, illustrating a complex system of transcription factors, cytokines, and even micro-RNAs (miRNAs) on the post transcriptional level.
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Gong X, Li W, Dong L, Qu F. CircUBAP2 promotes SEMA6D expression to enhance the cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma through sponging miR-506-3p by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Mol Histol 2020. [PMID: 32472335 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of chemo-resistance is an essential reason for the high morbidity of osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been involved in the regulation of chemo-resistance in cancers. Semaphorins 6D (SEMA6D) is abnormally expressed in many cancers. However, the roles of circUBAP2 and SEMA6D in the chemo-resistance of OS are still unclear. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of circUBAP2, SEMA6D and microRNA-506-3p (miR-506-3p). The cisplatin resistance and proliferation of cells were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2 thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway biomarkers and SEMA6D. Also, the apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were assessed by Flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. Besides, Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-506-3p and circUBAP2 or SEMA6D. We found that the expression levels of circUBAP2 and SEMA6D were increased in cisplatin-resistant OS tissues and cells. Knockdown of circUBAP2 inhibited the cisplatin resistance, silenced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, hindered cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant OS cells, all of which could be reversed by overexpression of SEMA6D. MiR-506-3p could be sponged by circUBAP2 and could target SEMA6D. The suppression of miR-506-3p overexpression on the progression of OS cisplatin resistance could be reversed by SEMA6D overexpression, while miR-506-3p inhibitor also could invert the inhibitory effect of circUBAP2 silencing on the progression of OS cisplatin resistance. In conclusion, CircUBAP2 and SEMA6D played active roles in the progression of OS cisplatin resistance through miR-506-3p, which might provide some new ideas for studying the countermeasures of OS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Avenue, Mouping District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangfei Qu
- Department of Special Inspection, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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24
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Gong X, Li W, Dong L, Qu F. CircUBAP2 promotes SEMA6D expression to enhance the cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma through sponging miR-506-3p by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:329-340. [PMID: 32472335 PMCID: PMC7368871 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of chemo-resistance is an essential reason for the high morbidity of osteosarcoma (OS) patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been involved in the regulation of chemo-resistance in cancers. Semaphorins 6D (SEMA6D) is abnormally expressed in many cancers. However, the roles of circUBAP2 and SEMA6D in the chemo-resistance of OS are still unclear. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of circUBAP2, SEMA6D and microRNA-506-3p (miR-506-3p). The cisplatin resistance and proliferation of cells were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2 thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the protein levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway biomarkers and SEMA6D. Also, the apoptosis, migration and invasion of cells were assessed by Flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. Besides, Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the interaction between miR-506-3p and circUBAP2 or SEMA6D. We found that the expression levels of circUBAP2 and SEMA6D were increased in cisplatin-resistant OS tissues and cells. Knockdown of circUBAP2 inhibited the cisplatin resistance, silenced Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, hindered cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant OS cells, all of which could be reversed by overexpression of SEMA6D. MiR-506-3p could be sponged by circUBAP2 and could target SEMA6D. The suppression of miR-506-3p overexpression on the progression of OS cisplatin resistance could be reversed by SEMA6D overexpression, while miR-506-3p inhibitor also could invert the inhibitory effect of circUBAP2 silencing on the progression of OS cisplatin resistance. In conclusion, CircUBAP2 and SEMA6D played active roles in the progression of OS cisplatin resistance through miR-506-3p, which might provide some new ideas for studying the countermeasures of OS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Avenue, Mouping District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangfei Qu
- Department of Special Inspection, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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25
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Khoei SG, Sadeghi H, Samadi P, Najafi R, Saidijam M. Relationship between Sphk1/S1P and microRNAs in human cancers. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:279-287. [PMID: 32275078 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases type 1 (SphK1) is a key enzyme in the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Different abnormalities in SphK1 functions may correspond with poor prognosis in various cancers. Additionally, upregulated SphK1/S1P could promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, mobility, invasion, and metastasis. MicroRNAs as conserved small noncoding RNAs play major roles in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, etc. Their posttranscriptionally mechanisms could affect the development of cancer growth or tumorigenesis suppression. The growing number of studies has described that various microRNAs can be regulated by SphK1, and its expression level can also be regulated by microRNAs. In this review, the relationship of SphK1 and microRNA functions and their interaction in human malignancies have been discussed. Based on them novel treatment strategies can be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Li L, Wei H, Zhang H, Xu F, Che G. Circ_100565 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer through upregulating HMGA2 via sponging miR-506-3p. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:160. [PMID: 32425695 PMCID: PMC7216320 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the development of various cancers. Circ_100565 was found to be a highly expressed circRNA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues screened by microarray profiles of circRNAs. However, the role of circ_100565 in NSCLC still remains unknown. Methods Microarray analysis was used to screen for differentially expressed circRNAs in NSCLC tissues. The expression levels of circ_100565, microRNA-506-3p (miR-506-3p) and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Transwell assay was used to determine the migration and invasion of cells. Besides, Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to assess the levels of proliferation and metastasis-related proteins and HMGA2 protein. Moreover, animal experiments were used to confirm the effect of circ_100565 on NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the interaction between miR-506-3p and circ_100565 or HMGA2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay or biotin-labeled pull-down assay. Results Circ_100565 was upregulated in NSCLC, and its high expression was positively associated with the poor overall survival of NSCLC patients. Silencing of circ_100565 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and reduced the tumor growth of NSCLC in vivo. Circ_100565 could sponge miR-506-3p, and miR-506-3p could target HMGA2. Moreover, miR-506-3p inhibitor or HMGA2 overexpression could reverse the inhibition effect of circ_100565 knockdown on NSCLC progression. Conclusion Circ_100565 increased HMGA2 expression to promote proliferation, migration and invasion in NSCLC via absorbing miR-506-3p. Our findings provided a new biomarker for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China.,2School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001 Henan China
| | - Haitao Wei
- 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000 Henan China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000 Henan China
| | - Feng Xu
- 4Department of Respiratory, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000 Henan China
| | - Guowei Che
- 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
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Jamali Z, Taheri-Anganeh M, Shabaninejad Z, Keshavarzi A, Taghizadeh H, Razavi ZS, Mottaghi R, Abolhassan M, Movahedpour A, Mirzaei H. Autophagy regulation by microRNAs: Novel insights into osteosarcoma therapy. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1306-1321. [PMID: 32233112 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a kind of primary bone cancer that is considered as the leading cause of children death. Surgery and chemotherapy are considered as common treatment approaches for OS; the rate of survival for patients is almost 60-70%. Besides the used therapeutic approaches, it seems that there is a crucial need to launch new treatments for OS. In this regard, more understanding about cellular and molecular pathways involved in OS can contribute to recovery and develop new therapeutic platforms. Autophagy is a cellular machinery that digests and degrades dysfunctional proteins and organelles, so it can regulate the cell proliferation and survival. Most of the time, OS cells use autophagy to increase their survival and proliferation and to gain the ability to resist chemotherapy. Although, there are several controversial evidences on how OS cells use autophagy. A variety of cellular and molecular pathways, that is, microRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate autophagy. MiRNAs are some endogenous, approximately 22 nucleotide RNAs that have an important role in posttranscriptional regulation of mRNAs by targeting them. There are many evidences that the various miRNA expressions in OS cells are dysregulated, so it can propel a normal cell to cancerous one by influencing the cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy, and eventually increased chemoresitance. Hence, miRNAs can be considered as new biomarkers for OS diagnosis, and according to the role of autophagy in OS progression, miRNAs can use inhibiting or promoting autophagy agents. The present review summarizes the effects of aberrant expression of miRNAs in OS diagnosis and treatment with focus on their roles in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jamali
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nanotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Surgical Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Taghizadeh
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mottaghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Abolhassan
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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28
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Li X, Zeng X. Shikonin suppresses progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by modulating miR-106b/SMAD7/TGF-β signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:467-476. [PMID: 31617643 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin is a natural naphthoquinone component with antioxidant and anti-tumor function and has been used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. According to the previous study, many herbs can regulate cancer cell progression by targeting specific microRNA (miRNA) (Liu, 2016). However, the underlying pathological mechanism of shikonin in HCC therapy is still unclear. The detection of cell growth and death rate were performed by hemacytometry and trypan blue staining, respectively. The expression of miR-106b and SMAD7 messenger RNA (mRNA) in HCC cells was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The expression of proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, SMAD7, TGF-β1, p-SMAD3, SMAD3, and GAPDH was examined by western blot. The interaction between SMAD7 and miR-106b was assessed by luciferase reporter system. Shikonin inhibited Huh7 and HepG2 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner while induced cell death in a time-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of miR-106b was reduced after shikonin treatment. Moreover, miR-106b attenuated the suppressive effects of shikonin on HCC cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SMAD7 was predicted as a target of miR-106b and the prediction was confirmed by luciferase reporter system. Additionally, we observed that SMAD7 reversed the promotive effects of miR-106b on HCC cell progression and EMT. The subsequent western blot assay revealed that shikonin could modulate SMAD7/TGF-β signaling pathway by targeting miR-106b. In conclusion, Shikonin suppresses cell progression and EMT and accelerates cell death of HCC cells via modulating miR-106b/SMAD7/TGF-β signaling pathway, suggesting shikonin could be an effective agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xianpeng Zeng
- Department of Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
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29
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhang L. MicroRNAs play an essential role in autophagy regulation in various disease phenotypes. Biofactors 2019; 45:844-856. [PMID: 31418958 PMCID: PMC6916288 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and fundamental biological process in eukaryotic cells. It recycles intracellular components to provide nutrients during starvation and maintains quality control of organelles and proteins. In addition, autophagy is a well-organized homeostatic cellular process that is responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and intracellular pathogens. Moreover, it also modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Micro ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) are a mature class of post-transcriptional modulators that are widely expressed in tissues and organs. And, it can suppress gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs for translational repression or, at a lesser extent, degradation. Research indicates that microRNAs regulate autophagy through different pathways, playing an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. It is an important regulator of fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, autophagy, and cell apoptosis. In this review article, we first review the current knowledge of autophagy and the function of microRNAs. Then, we summarize the mechanism of autophagy and the signaling pathways related to autophagy by citing at least the main proteins involved in the different phases of the process. Second, we introduce other members of RNA and report some examples in various pathologies. Finally, we review the current literature regarding microRNA-based therapies for cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiac disease, tuberculosis, and viral diseases. MicroRNAs can cause autophagy upregulation or downregulation by targeting genes or affecting autophagy-related signaling pathways. Therefore, the microRNAs have a huge potential in autophagy regulation, and it is the function as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Zhao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ze Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Linbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyCollege of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
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30
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Liao YX, Yu HY, Lv JY, Cai YR, Liu F, He ZM, He SS. Targeting autophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance and reduce metastasis in osteosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1213-1222. [PMID: 31638211 PMCID: PMC6831203 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy, mainly affecting children and adolescents. Currently, surgical resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy has been standardized for OS treatment. Despite great advances in chemotherapy for OS, its clinical prognosis remains far from satisfactory; this is due to chemoresistance, which has become a major obstacle to improving OS treatment. Autophagy, a catabolic process through which cells eliminate and recycle their own damaged proteins and organelles to provide energy, can be activated by chemotherapeutic drugs. Accumulating evidence has indicated that autophagy plays the dual role in the regulation of OS chemoresistance by either promoting drug resistance or increasing drug sensitivity. The aim of the present review was to demonstrate thatautophagy has both a cytoprotective and an autophagic cell death function in OS chemoresistance. In addition, methods to detect autophagy, autophagy inducers and inhibitors, as well as autophagy‑mediated metastasis, immunotherapy and clinical prognosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Rong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Sheng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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