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Zhang X, Ji Y, Moussian B, Yang S, Zhang J, Zhang T, Zhang M. Serpentine and Vermiform Are Produced Autonomously to Fulfill Their Function in Drosophila Wings. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050406. [PMID: 37233034 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Group I chitin deacetylases (CDAs), CDA1 and CDA2, play an essential role in cuticle formation and molting in the process of insect wing development. A recent report showed that trachea are able to take up a secreted CDA1 (serpentine, serp) produced in the fat body to support normal tracheal development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, whether CDAs in wing tissue were produced locally or derived from the fat body remains an open question. To address this question, we applied tissue-specific RNAi against DmCDA1 (serpentine, serp) and DmCDA2 (vermiform, verm) in the fat body or the wing and analyzed the resulting phenotypes. We found that repression of serp and verm in the fat body had no effect on wing morphogenesis. RT-qPCR showed that RNAi against serp or verm in the fat body autonomously reduced their expression levels of serp or verm in the fat body but had no non-autonomous effect on the expression in wings. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of serp or verm in the developing wing caused wing morphology and permeability deficiency. Taken together, the production of Serp and Verm in the wing was autonomous and independent of the fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Shumin Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Biopesticides, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Yang G, Hou X, Lu J, Wang M, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu Q, Liu S, Fang Y. Enzymatic modification of native chitin and chitin oligosaccharides by an alkaline chitin deacetylase from Microbacterium esteraromaticum MCDA02. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:671-678. [PMID: 35122801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitin deacetylase from Microbacterium esteraromaticum MCDA02 (MeCDA) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, and superdex column chromatography. The molecular weight of purified MeCDA was approximately 26 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of purified MeCDA were 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively. The enzyme activity is enhanced by metal ions K+ and Sr+ and inhibited by Co2+, Cd2+, and EDTA. The degree of deacetylation through enzymatic modification of MeCDA was removed an average of 32.75% of the acetyl groups for ɑ-chitin by acid-base titration. Meanwhile, MeCDA can catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of the acetamido bond in GlcNAc units within chitin oligomers and polymers. Hence, the MeCDA is a potent chitin decomposer to catalyze chitin and chitin oligosaccharides deacetylation to prepare chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide. This is a value-added utilization of chitin based biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China; College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China; College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China; College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Minbo Wang
- College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qitong Liu
- College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China; College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Yaowei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China; College of food science and engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Song L, Chen Y, An X, Ding C, Bu C. Chitin deacetylase 2 is essential for molting and survival of Tetranychus urticae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104962. [PMID: 34802539 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin metabolism has long been considered promising targets for development of biorational pesticides. Considering the increasing challenges of controlling the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the roles of chitin deacetylases (CDAs) during molting process and mite development are explored. TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 differ in expression patterns during the development process. Feeding of double-strand RNA (dsRNA) against TuCDA1 or TuCDA2 has lethal effects on the mites. Especially TuCDA2 displays a much stronger phenotype than TuCDA1 (p = 0.0003). The treated mites fail to shed the old cuticle and are trapped within exuviate until they die. The aberrant cuticle structure observed by scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) may be responsible for the lethal phenotype of TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 knocked down mites. However, treatment with both dsRNA-CDA1 and dsRNA-CDA2 cannot significantly enhance the lethal effects of dsRNA-CDA2, which indicates partially redundant function of TuCDA1 and TuCDA2. TuCDA2 may play a key role during the molting and development process. Chitin-modifying enzyme such as TuCDA2 is potential target of RNA interference through feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Song
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangshun An
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunya Bu
- Key Laboratory of Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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Zhang M, Ma PJ, Zhang TT, Gao ZM, Zhao P, Liu XJ, Zhang XY, Liu WM, Yu RR, Moussian B, Zhang JZ. Roles of LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 in cuticle formation in the foregut and hindgut of Locusta migratoria. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1314-1325. [PMID: 33037856 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitin deacetylases (CDAs, including CDA1 and CDA2) are considered key enzymes for body cuticle formation and tracheal morphogenesis in various insect species. However, their functions in the formation of the cuticular intima of the foregut and hindgut are unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of their respective genes LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 in this process, in the hemimetabolous insect Locusta migratoria. Transcripts of LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 were highly expressed both before and after molting in the foregut. In the hindgut, their expression was high only before molting. In both the foregut and hindgut, LmCDA1 protein was localized in the basal half of the chitin matrix (procuticle), whereas LmCDA2 was detected in the upper half of the procuticle. Knockdown of LmCDA1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in 5th-instar nymphs caused no visible defects of the hindgut cuticle. By contrast, the chitinous lamellae of the cuticular intima in the foregut of knockdown animals were less compact than in control animals. RNAi against LmCDA2 led to thickening of both the foregut and hindgut cuticles, with a greater number of thinner laminae than in the respective control cuticles. Taken together, our results show that LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 have distinct, but overlapping, functions in chitin organization in the foregut cuticle. However, in the hindgut, this process seems independent of LmCDA1 activity but requires LmCDA2 function. Thus, the CDAs reflect tissue-specific differences in cuticular organization and function, which need further detailed molecular and histological analyses for full comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Peng-Juan Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Gao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Yao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong-Rong Yu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
- iBV, Université Côte d'Azur, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Jian-Zhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Zhang T, Ma P, Zhou J, He Y, Liu W, Liu X, Zhang X, Yu R, Zhang M, Moussian B, Zhang J. Group I CDAs are responsible for a selective CHC-independent cuticular barrier in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104854. [PMID: 33993972 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitin deacetylases including CDA1 and CDA2, containing a chitin deacetylase domain and an LDL domain, have been reported to be essential for cuticle structure differentiation in different insect species. However, it is yet unexplored whether CDA1 and CDA2 activity is needed for the function of the cuticle as a barrier against pathogen and xenobiotics penetration. In this study, we studied the efficiency of fungal infection in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria in dependence of LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 function. Second instar nymphs injected with dsRNA against LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 transcripts were less resistant against the infection by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae than control nymphs. At the same time, permeability to organophosphorus pesticides was increased in these nymphs. Interestingly, the CHC amounts at the cuticle surface were unaffected upon LmCDA1 and LmCDA2 reduction. These results suggest that the barrier function of the locust cuticle not only depends on surface CHCs, but also on an intact procuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Pengjuan Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yingying He
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Rongrong Yu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030619, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | | | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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