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Musa M, Enaholo E, Aluyi-Osa G, Atuanya GN, Spadea L, Salati C, Zeppieri M. Herpes simplex keratitis: A brief clinical overview. World J Virol 2024; 13:89934. [PMID: 38616855 PMCID: PMC11008405 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.89934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye. The virus may remain dormant for extended periods. Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur, leading to recurrent episodes of HSK. Factors triggering reactivation include stress, illness, immunosuppression, or trauma. Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns, ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease. The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals. Severe cases of HSK, especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring, can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases. The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision, and scarring can compromise this, potentially leading to visual impairment. The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization. Antiviral medications, such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir, may be prescribed for prophylaxis. The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage. Inflammation, caused by the body's attempt to control the infection, may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues. Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation. In summary, the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin 300283, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
| | - Ehimare Enaholo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Sight Africa, Nkpor 434101, Nigeria
| | - Gladness Aluyi-Osa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
| | | | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00142, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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Hitzenbichler F, Weber M, Salzberger B. Infection image: reoccurrence of Kaposi`s sarcoma after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in an HIV-infected patient. Infection 2024; 52:283-284. [PMID: 38055117 PMCID: PMC10811143 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hitzenbichler
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weber
- Department of Sarcoma Surgery, Barmherzige Brueder Regensburg, Prüfeninger Str. 86, 93049, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Ikema S, Miura G, Shimizu D, Baba T. Long-term follow-up of a young male who developed acute macular neuroretinopathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8181. [PMID: 38028086 PMCID: PMC10645608 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents the clinical findings and prognosis of a healthy male patient who developed acute macular neuroretinopathy after COVID-19 vaccination. Abnormal findings improved about 1 month after the onset and disappeared 3 months later. The subjective symptoms disappeared in 3 months, and no recurrence was observed for 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ikema
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Gen Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Daisuke Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
| | - Takayuki Baba
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceChiba University Graduate School of MedicineChibaJapan
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Shafiee A, Amini MJ, Arabzadeh Bahri R, Jafarabady K, Salehi SA, Hajishah H, Mozhgani SH. Herpesviruses reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:278. [PMID: 37559096 PMCID: PMC10413536 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reactivation of herpesviruses (HHV) in COVID-19 patients is evident in the literature. Several reports have been published regarding the reactivation of these viruses (HSV, VZV, EBV, and CMV) among those who got COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we aimed to review the current evidence to assess whether HHVs reactivation has any association with the prior administration of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on 25 September 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. We included all observational studies, case reports, and case series which reported the reactivation of human herpesviruses following administration of COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS Our systematic search showed 80 articles that meet the eligibility criteria. Among the evaluated COVID-19 vaccines, most of the vaccines were mRNA based. Evidence from observational studies showed the possible relation between COVID-19 vaccine administration and VZV and HSV reactivation. The results of our proportion meta-analysis showed that the rate of VZV reactivation among those who received the COVID-19 vaccine was 14 persons per 1000 vaccinations (95% CI 2.97-32.80). Moreover, our meta-analysis for HSV reactivation showed the rate of 16 persons per 1000 vaccinations (95% CI 1.06-46.4). Furthermore, the evidence from case reports/series showed 149 cases of HHV reactivation. There were several vaccines that caused reactivation including BNT162b2 mRNA or Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 76), Oxford-AstraZeneca (n = 22), mRNA-1273 or Moderna (n = 17), Sinovac (n = 4), BBIBP-CorV or Sinopharm (n = 3), Covaxin (n = 3), Covishield (n = 3), and Johnson and Johnson (n = 1). Reactivated HHVs included varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (n = 114), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (n = 15), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (n = 14), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (n = 6), and HHV-6 (n = 2). Most cases reported their disease after the first dose of the vaccine. Many patients reported having comorbidities, of which hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chicken pox, and atrial fibrillation were common. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study showed the possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and herpesvirus reactivation. The evidence for VZV and HSV was supported by observational studies. However, regarding other herpesviruses (EBV and CMV), further research especially from observational studies and clinical trials is required to elucidate the interaction between COVID-19 vaccination and their reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Kyana Jafarabady
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyyed Amirhossein Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hajishah
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical, Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Habot-Wilner Z, Neri P, Okada AA, Agrawal R, Xin Le N, Cohen S, Fischer N, Kilmartin F, Coman A, Kilmartin D. COVID Vaccine-Associated Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37145198 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2200858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Following the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, different vaccines were developed and approved by the main medical authorities under emergency protocol regulations. Although highly effective and well-tolerated in most patients, vaccines can uncommonly cause ocular adverse effects. In this article, the current evidence related to vaccine-associated uveitis is reviewed. METHODS A literature review of uveitis post various SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. RESULTS Uveitis was reported following various forms of vaccinations but was more commonly seen following the Pfizer mRNA vaccine which is the most used vaccination worldwide. In western countries, the most common uveitis is mild anterior uveitis, developing within a week of first or subsequent vaccination with good resolution following appropriate topical steroid therapy in most cases. Posterior uveitis and particularly Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease was more prevalent in Asia. Uveitis may develop among known uveitis patients and those with other autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION Uveitis following Covid vaccinations is uncommon and has a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Habot-Wilner
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Piergiorgio Neri
- The Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Cleveland Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annabelle A Okada
- Kyorin Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
- Eye ACP Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Antimicrobials and Anti-infectives, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ng Xin Le
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shai Cohen
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Amy Coman
- University College Dublin Medical School, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye & Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara Kilmartin
- University College Dublin Medical School, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye & Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Kuziez L, Eleiwa TK, Chauhan MZ, Sallam AB, Elhusseiny AM, Saeed HN. Corneal Adverse Events Associated with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010166. [PMID: 36680010 PMCID: PMC9860789 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have played an important global role in reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. While the benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the risks, adverse events do occur. Non-ocular adverse effects of the vaccines have been well-documented, but descriptions of ophthalmic effects remain limited. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of reported cases of corneal adverse events after receiving vaccination against COVID-19 and to compile existing clinical data to bring attention to these phenomena. Our review discusses corneal graft rejection, including proposed mechanisms, herpetic keratitis, and other reported corneal complications. Ophthalmologists and primary care physicians should be aware of such possible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kuziez
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Taher K. Eleiwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Z. Chauhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ahmed B. Sallam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Abdelrahman M. Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.); (H.N.S.)
| | - Hajirah N. Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60661, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: (A.M.E.); (H.N.S.)
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7
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Ichhpujani P, Parmar UPS, Duggal S, Kumar S. COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Ocular Adverse Effects: An Overview. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1879. [PMID: 36366386 PMCID: PMC9697513 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination efforts were initiated across the globe in December 2020 and are continuing. We report the onset interval and clinical presentations of ocular adverse effects following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS For this narrative review, articles in the English language, published between 1 January 2020 to 1 September 2022, were included to formulate a list of the reported ocular adverse effects of different COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS During this period, ocular adverse effects have been reported with BNT162b2 (Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), AZD-1222 (AstraZeneca), and Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) vaccines. Endothelial graft rejection, herpes simplex virus keratitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, eyelid edema, purpuric rashes, ischemic optic neuropathy, and cranial nerve palsies were the most reported with BNT163b2. Retinal hemorrhages, vascular occlusions, and angle closure glaucoma were the most reported with AZD-1222. Most of the ocular adverse effects reported in the literature had a good to fair prognosis with appropriate management. CONCLUSIONS Evidence regarding the ocular adverse effects does not outweigh the benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with pre-existing systemic or ophthalmic diseases. This review provides insights into the possible temporal association between reported ocular adverse events and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines; however, further investigations are required to identify the link between potential causality and pathological mechanisms.
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Shah PP, Glidai Y, Braunstein R, Gorski M, Lee J, Anwar F, Schrier A, Winokur J, Steiner AS. Reports of New and Recurrent Keratitis following mRNA-based COVID-19 Vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36345233 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2133730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As ophthalmic side effects of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based COVID-19 vaccination are not well understood, it is crucial to document and report such instances should they occur. METHODS In this observational case series, we report nine patients (55.6% male, mean age 58.9) who received either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 vaccinations from January to June of 2021, and presented with symptoms of keratitis within 14 days. All patients underwent slit-lamp examination and histories were taken. RESULTS Most subjects (66.7%) had a history of corneal inflammatory diseases and resolved under antiviral and/or steroidal treatment. Patients who reported symptoms after their second vaccine dose presented earlier than those who reported symptoms after the first dose (mean 4.4 days vs 10.5 days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The immunological reaction following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccinations may trigger new-onset or reactivation of keratitis, though causality cannot be proven. Despite its rarity, clinicians should be aware of this possible complication and be prepared to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras P. Shah
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Yoav Glidai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Richard Braunstein
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Gorski
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Jung Lee
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Farihah Anwar
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Amelia Schrier
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Jules Winokur
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Anne S. Steiner
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
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Pillar S, Weinberg T, Amer R. Posterior ocular manifestations following BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a case series. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:1677-1686. [PMID: 36316618 PMCID: PMC9628305 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To report the occurrence of posterior ocular adverse events following the administration of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Methods A retrospective consecutive case series, in which the medical files of patients presenting with ocular adverse events within 30 days of the vaccine inoculation, were analyzed. Results Four patients (2 females) were included in the study. The diagnoses included: posterior scleritis, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, herpes panuveitis, and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH)-like uveitis. Three of the patients had no relevant ocular history, but the patient who developed scleritis was in remission without medical therapy for four years, until the flare-up, which occurred one day after the vaccine. All patients improved with treatment. Conclusion Though a causal relationship cannot be definitively established, the temporal relationship suggests a possible link between the COVID-19 vaccine and the posterior ocular complications. The benefits of vaccination clearly outweigh the potential adverse effects; however, ophthalmologists should be aware of the potential for vaccine-associated uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Pillar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Weinberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Mohammadpour M, Farrokhpour H, Sadeghi R. Herpetic endotheliitis and stromal keratitis following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6397. [PMID: 36237947 PMCID: PMC9536498 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the scarcity of data regarding ocular complications following COVID‐19 vaccination, the approach toward patients with suggestive symptoms and established clinical practice is lacking. Herein, we report the first case of herpetic endotheliithis and secondary stromal keratitis following inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination who experienced a relapse due to poor adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadpour
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research CenterFarabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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11
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Kameda Y, Kaneko Y, Sugai M, Ishinabe K, Fukuoka N. Commentary: Case report: Associated ocular adverse reactions with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:991862. [PMID: 36213647 PMCID: PMC9532539 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.991862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kameda
- Yotsuya-sanchome Ekimae Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yusuke Kameda
| | - Yutaka Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Megumi Sugai
- Yotsuya-sanchome Ekimae Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Copaescu AM, Rosa Duque JS, Phillips EJ. What have we learned about the allergenicity and adverse reactions associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines: One year later. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:40-51. [PMID: 35390476 PMCID: PMC8979618 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the most rapid response and scale-up in vaccine and therapeutic development in history. We highlight the history of these amazing achievements with a focus on the description of the classification and mechanisms of allergic reactions and adverse events relevant to the allergist and immunologist that have been associated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Finally, we offer a detailed management approach in the context of a possible allergic reaction. DATA SOURCES Using defined search strategy, we identified peer-reviewed articles within PubMed that were published between January 1, 2019, and December 4, 2021. STUDY SELECTIONS All recent articles on COVID-19 published in English were reviewed with focus on the immunogenicity and allergenicity of the current existing COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS Following a detailed literature review, we discuss the evolution and development of the new vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we provide evidence regarding the significance and mechanisms of allergic reactions associated with the vaccines and offer a management approach for those with an increased risk of presenting an allergic or other relevant vaccine reaction. CONCLUSION The international rollout of COVID-19 vaccination started with reports of immediate allergic reactions. Although we still need to understand the mechanisms of these reactions, we can be reassured that patients with underlying allergic disease will not need to avoid SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In addition, the vast majority of those with a first-dose reaction will tolerate subsequent doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Copaescu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Elizabeth Jane Phillips
- Center for Drug Safety and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
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13
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Shan H, Jia R, Liu W, Wu X. Viral keratitis after the second and third doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: A case report. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2090177. [PMID: 35731625 PMCID: PMC9621040 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2090177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare cases of viral keratitis after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination have been reported. Furthermore, to our knowledge, cases of viral keratitis after two rounds of COVID-19 vaccination have not yet been reported. We report the case of a 19-year-old man without a history of keratitis, who developed viral keratitis soon after receiving the second and third doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Each time after the patient received treatment with topical and systemic drugs, his ocular symptoms were gradually relieved, and corrected visual acuity in both eyes returned to normal. COVID-19 vaccination may be associated with rare cases of the development of keratitis in individuals without a medical history of keratitis. Physicians should be aware of the possible relationship between ocular symptoms and adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccination. Despite the potential risks of COVID-19 vaccination, the benefits of immunization against the virus far outweigh these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Shan
- Department of ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruoshuang Jia
- Department of ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Momenaei B, Cheraqpour K, Soleimani M, Tabatabaei SA, Shahriari M, Etesali H, Hussein A, Vaseghi Y, Ramezani B, Djalilian AR. Ophthalmic side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2066523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bita Momenaei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seyed Ali Tabatabaei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Shahriari
- Imam Hossein Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Etesali
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Vaseghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ramezani
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Ortiz-Egea JM, Sánchez CG, López-Jiménez A, Navarro OD. Herpetic anterior uveitis following Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:127. [PMID: 35337364 PMCID: PMC8949824 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe two cases of herpetic anterior uveitis after inoculation of the first dose of Pfizer–BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. Methods Case 1: a healthy 92-year-old Caucasian woman developed symptomatic unilateral anterior uveitis for 3 days after Pfizer–BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination (Pfizer Inc.). The episode fully resolved with topical and oral antiviral treatment. Case 2: a previously healthy 85-year-old Caucasian woman with left hemicranial signs of herpes zoster infection, associated with herpetic keratouveitis for 3 days after Pfizer–BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Treatment with topical antibiotics and both oral and topical antiherpetic medication was administered, and she recovered successfully in 5 weeks. Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of eye inflammation in the form of herpetic reactivation after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ortiz-Egea
- Ophthalmology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Cristina Gómez Sánchez
- Ophthalmology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Jiménez
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Olga Diego Navarro
- Ophthalmology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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16
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Tozinameran. REACTIONS WEEKLY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8933172 DOI: 10.1007/s40278-022-11959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Pang K, Pan L, Guo H, Wu X. Case Report: Associated Ocular Adverse Reactions With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:823346. [PMID: 35111790 PMCID: PMC8801805 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.823346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccine is still the best clinical measure for effective prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The vaccine-associated ocular adverse reactions should be noted in detail among the medical community. We reported twelve eyes of 9 patients presented at the Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from March to August 2021 with ocular complaints following COVID-19 vaccination. The main inclusion criterion was the development of ocular symptoms within 14 days after receiving a dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. The mean (SD) age was 44.7 ± 16.5 years (range, 19–78 years), among which seven (77.8%) cases were women. The mean time of ocular adverse events was 7.1 days (range, 1–14 days) after receiving the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. One patient was diagnosed with choroiditis, 1 with uveitis, 4 with keratitis, 1 with scleritis, 1 with acute retinal necrosis, and 1 with iridocyclitis. Although the causal relationship between vaccines and ocular adverse events cannot be established from this case series report, physicians should pay attention to the ocular adverse reactions following the COVID-19 vaccine administration.
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18
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Alkwikbi H, Alenazi M, Alanazi W, Alruwaili S. Herpetic Keratitis and Corneal Endothelitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Series. Cureus 2022; 14:e20967. [PMID: 35154946 PMCID: PMC8815810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpetic corneal disease is the most common infectious cause of corneal blindness in developed countries. The majority of the infections are caused by the reactivation of the latent virus in the trigeminal ganglion. Environmental factors and physical stress are thought to contribute to viral reactivation. The pathognomonic lesion of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is dendritic keratitis, which is visible on slit-lamp examination after fluorescein dye staining. A potential association between HSV reactivation and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been reported. In this case series, we present four cases of HSV reactivation in patients who received COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia from different medical centers. This report emphasizes the necessity of evaluating HSV reactivation as a potential side effect of COVID-19 vaccination. This is important because early diagnosis and timely management of herpetic lesions can potentially reduce the severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shahad Alruwaili
- Ophthalmology, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
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