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Chauhan S, Pandey R, Vakani K, Norbury R, Ettinger U, Kumari V. Sleep quality mediates the association between chronotype and mental health in young Indian adults. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 3:31. [PMID: 38914742 PMCID: PMC11196584 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of 'higher preference for eveningness' as a potential independent risk factor for poor mental health. To examine the chronotype-mental health relationship while also quantifying the potential roles of poor sleep quality, relevant personality traits, and childhood trauma, we assessed 282 young adults (18-40 years; 195 females) residing in North India, between January and March 2023 (to control for seasonal variation), using self-report measures of diurnal preference, sleep patterns, mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, schizotypy, and impulsivity), and childhood trauma. The results showed a significant association between eveningness and poor mental health but this association was fully mediated by poor sleep quality. Neuroticism, emotional abuse and cognitive disorganisation were correlated with eveningness as well as with poor mental health and sleep quality. Neuroticism and emotional abuse, but not cognitive disorganisation, also had indirect effects on mental health via sleep quality. Our findings highlight the crucial role played by sleep quality in the chronotype-mental health relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Chauhan
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krupa Vakani
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ray Norbury
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Veena Kumari
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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Vakani K, Ratto M, Sandford-James A, Antonova E, Kumari V. Cognitive and mental health trajectories of COVID-19: Role of hospitalisation and long-COVID symptoms. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e17. [PMID: 38312039 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence of cognitive impairment post COVID-19, especially in individuals with long-COVID symptoms, but limited research objectively evaluating whether such impairment attenuates or resolves over time, especially in young and middle-aged adults. METHODS Follow-up assessments (T2) of cognitive function (processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function, memory) and mental health were conducted in 138 adults (18-69 years) who had been assessed 6 months earlier (T1). Of these, 88 had a confirmed history of COVID-19 at T1 assessment (≥20 days post-diagnosis) and were also followed-up on COVID-19-related symptoms (acute and long-COVID); 50 adults had no known COVID-19 history at any point up to their T2 assessment. RESULTS From T1 to T2, a trend-level improvement occurred in intra-individual variability in processing speed in the COVID, relative to the non-COVID group. However, longer response/task completion times persisted in participants with COVID-19-related hospitalisation relative to those without COVID-19-related hospitalisation and non-COVID controls. There was a significant reduction in long-COVID symptom load, which correlated with improved executive function in non-hospitalised COVID-19 participants. The COVID group continued to self-report poorer mental health, irrespective of hospitalisation history, relative to non-COVID group. CONCLUSIONS Although some cognitive improvement has occurred over a 6-month period in young and middle-aged COVID-19 survivors, cognitive impairment persists in those with a history of COVID-19-related hospitalisation and/or long-COVID symptoms. Continuous follow-up assessments are required to determine whether cognitive function improves or possibly worsens, over time in hospitalised and long-COVID participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Vakani
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | | | - Elena Antonova
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Cheung FTW, Li X, Hui TK, Chan NY, Chan JW, Wing YK, Li SX. Circadian preference and mental health outcomes in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101851. [PMID: 37793219 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Youth is a vulnerable developmental period associated with an increased preference for eveningness and risk for developing psychopathology. Growing evidence suggests a link between eveningness and poorer mental health outcomes, but the findings in the current literature are inconsistent, and a comprehensive synthesis of evidence in this area remains lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to 1) synthesise the existing evidence on the association between circadian preference and mental health outcomes in youths and 2) explore potential sleep-related factors that may moderate the relationship between circadian preference and mental health outcomes. A systematic search of five electronic databases resulted in 81 observational studies included in the review. Eveningness was found to be significantly associated with general mental health (r = 0.20), mood-related disturbances (r = 0.17), and anxiety problems (r = 0.13). The qualitative review also identified that eveningness was associated with greater risks for psychotic symptoms and maladaptive eating behaviours. These findings highlighted the need to consider circadian preference in the clinical management of youth mental health problems. Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of a circadian-focused intervention in the context of youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Tin Wai Cheung
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiao Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kwan Hui
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joey Wy Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Violi M, Bazzani A, Bruno S, Massoni L, Bertelloni CA, Dell'Oste V, Frumento P, Faraguna U, Dell'Osso L, Carmassi C. Chronotype is differentially associated with lifetime mood and panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. CNS Spectr 2023; 28:726-738. [PMID: 36942635 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852923001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the association between chronotype and mood disorders has been consistently reported, conversely, attempts to measure the association between chronotype and anxiety symptoms have generated inconsistent results. We aimed at evaluating whether chronotype (assessed through subjective and objective measures) is associated with lifetime mood and panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms in healthy controls (HCs) and in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Overall, 173 subjects, patients with BD in euthymic phase (n = 76) and HC (n = 97), were evaluated through the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), actigraphy monitoring and mood and panic-agoraphobic spectrum self-report (MOODS-SR and PAS-SR). The discrepancy between objective (actigraphic-based) versus subjective (rMEQ-based) circadian typology was estimated through the Circadian Classification Discrepancy Index (CCDI). RESULTS rMEQ-based evening chronotype (ET) was associated with higher scores in MOODS-SR depressive and rhythmicity and vegetative functions domains in HC and BD.Both ET and morning chronotypes (MT) were associated with higher PAS-SR scores in BD only. Actigraphic-based MT was associated with higher MOODS-SR depressive scores in HC. Likewise, the discrepancy between actigraphic-based and rMEQ-based circadian typology was associated with depressive symptoms in HC only. CONCLUSION Self-reported ET was consistently associated with mood symptoms, while associations with panic-agoraphobic symptoms only emerged in BD and involved both extreme chronotypes. The discrepancy between the preferred circadian typology (rMEQ-based) and the actual one (actigraphic-based) could contribute to depressive symptoms in HC. These results pave the way for interventional studies targeting circadian typology in an attempt to prevent or treat mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriam Violi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bazzani
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bruno
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Massoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Frumento
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Cárdenas-Egúsquiza AL, Berntsen D. Sleep well, mind wander less: A systematic review of the relationship between sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition. Conscious Cogn 2022; 102:103333. [PMID: 35623268 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite an upsurge of research on spontaneous cognition, little is known about its associations with sleep-related outcomes. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, examined the relationship between sleep and spontaneous thoughts, across different definitions and measurements of sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition, and a diversity of methodologies. Twenty-one articles with survey and/or experimental designs were identified. Self-reported disturbed sleep-comprising poor sleep quality, more insomnia symptoms, more daytime sleepiness and a tendency towards eveningness-and experimentally induced sleep deprivation were associated with a tendency to engage in disruptive mind wandering and daydreaming, but not positive-constructive daydreaming. Findings regarding circadian fluctuation in spontaneous thoughts were mixed and inconclusive. This systematic review bridges the gap between the sleep and spontaneous cognition research by contributing to the understanding of potential psychological and cognitive mechanisms of spontaneous cognition, as well as by elucidating the emotional and cognitive consequences of disturbed sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucía Cárdenas-Egúsquiza
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Dorthe Berntsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Akçay BD, Akçay D, Yetkin S. The Effects of Mobile Electronic Devices Use on the Sleep States of University Students. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2021; 22:31-37. [PMID: 36426202 PMCID: PMC9590654 DOI: 10.5455/apd.99831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of mobile electronic devices (MEDs) use on the sleep states of university students. METHODS The study was conducted in a cross-sectional fashion between April 21, 2019 and May 31, 2019 with the participation of the students registered in a public university at medical faculties and faculty of health sciences. Television viewing, MED and desktop computer use form, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Sleepiness Severity Index (SSI) were used as data collection tools. The data of 752 students (56.5% girls, mean age: 20.57 [SD = 1.54] years) were analyzed. RESULTS In this study, overall MED use times and PSQI, ESS, and SSI total scores were higher in students who had an evening-oriented chronotype. There was a negative relationship between overall and evening MED use times and the chronotype scores of the students. As a result of the regression analyses applied to the PSQI, ESS, and SSI dependent variables, a positive and significant relationship was detected with smartphone use times (P < 0.05, P = 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, there was a positive relationship between PSQI and ESS variables and iPod touch use times (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall MED use times were determined to be higher in students who had Type E chronotype. It was also determined that their sleep quality was poorer and their insomnia severity was higher, and there was more sleepiness in the students with chronotype E. Comprehensive interventions must be planned by professional healthcare staff for students on the topics of sleep hygiene and conscious media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Devrim Akçay
- Department of Mental Health and Disease, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital,
Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Duygu Akçay
- Department of Military Health Services, Ministry of National Defense,
Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Sinan Yetkin
- Clinic of Sleep Research Center, Department of Mental Health and Diseases, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences,
Ankara,
Turkey
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Silva VM, Magalhaes JEDM, Duarte LL. Quality of sleep and anxiety are related to circadian preference in university students. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238514. [PMID: 32877438 PMCID: PMC7467298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronotype is a circadian phenotype expressed in the preference of individuals to perform their activities and sleep in specific phases along the day. The objective of the study was to identify anxiety levels, quality of sleep and different chronotypes of university students and investigate their possible relationships. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, in which 103 undergraduate students answered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). There is a relationship between chronotype, quality of sleep and anxiety in the investigated population. Evening chronotype students showed higher anxiety status and have poor sleep quality when compared with morning chronotype students. The high occurrence of anxiety levels and poor sleep quality in evening students may be a consequence of high academic demand in a shift incompatible with the phase delay of the circadian timing system of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Menezes Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono (LENTES), Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Lourenção Duarte
- Laboratório de Estudos em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono (LENTES), Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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8
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Gao Q, Sheng J, Qin S, Zhang L. Chronotypes and affective disorders: A clock for mood? BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2019.9050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders are often accompanied by circadian rhythm disruption and the major symptoms of mental illness occur in a rhythmic manner. Chronotype, also known as circadian preference for rest or activity, is believed to exert a substantial influence on mental health. Here, we review the connection between chronotypes and affective disorders, and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms between these two phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Sheng
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Song Qin
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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9
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Rao WW, Li W, Qi H, Hong L, Chen C, Li CY, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Xiang YT. Sleep quality in medical students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1151-1165. [PMID: 32072469 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor sleep quality is common in medical students and is associated with a number of negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence estimates of poor sleep quality in medical students vary widely across studies. We thus conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its mediating factors in medical students. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Medline Complete was performed. The random-effects model was used to analyze the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 57 studies with 25,735 medical students were included. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality was 52.7% (95% CI: 45.3% to 60.1%) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The pooled mean total PSQI score across 41 studies with available data was 6.1 (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.5). Subgroup analyses found that PSQI cutoff value and study region were associated with the prevalence of poor sleep quality (P = 0.0003 VS. P = 0.005). Across the continents, poor sleep quality was most common in Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Meta-regression analyses found that smaller sample size (slope = - 0.0001, P = 0.009) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality is common among medical students, especially in Europe and the Americas continets. Due to the negative health outcomes, regular screening of poor sleep quality and effective interventions are needed for medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wang Rao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen Li
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Han Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Shunde District of Foshan City, 528300, Guangdong, China.,Postgraduate Academy of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Shunde District of Foshan City, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Shunde District of Foshan City, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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10
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Alfano CA. (Re)Conceptualizing Sleep Among Children with Anxiety Disorders: Where to Next? Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 21:482-499. [PMID: 30136070 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-018-0267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Children with anxiety disorders (AD) characteristically complain of sleep problems and the extent to which cognitive behavioral treatments (CBT) for childhood anxiety produce sleep-based improvements is a topic of increasing interest. The current paper reviews available evidence for subjective sleep complaints and objective sleep alterations in children and adolescents with AD, including investigations of potential changes in sleep following anxiety-focused CBT. Despite pervasive complaints of poor sleep, the empirical literature provides minimal evidence for actual sleep-wake alterations in this population of youth and evidence for sleep-based changes following treatment for anxiety is minimal. In line with calls for more comprehensive models of the role of sleep in developmental psychopathology, several fundamental gaps in understanding are described and highlighted as essential avenues for clarifying the nature and consequences of poor quality sleep among youth with clinical levels of anxiety. In a second section of the paper, an emerging body of novel, translational research investigating more intricate sleep-anxiety relationships is introduced with potential implications for both etiological models and treatment design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston (SACH), Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Bldg, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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11
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Haraden DA, Mullin BC, Hankin BL. Internalizing symptoms and chronotype in youth: A longitudinal assessment of anxiety, depression and tripartite model. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:797-805. [PMID: 30832201 PMCID: PMC6498437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biological rhythm theories highlight the reciprocal relations between dysregulated circadian patterns and internalizing psychopathology. Chronotype characterizes individuals' diurnal preference, as some exhibit more morningness or eveningness. Previous research suggests that eveningness prospectively predicts depression in adolescence. Anxiety often co-occurs with depression, but little is known about longitudinal, reciprocal associations between chronotype and anxiety, and whether this relationship remains after controlling for depression. We assessed different forms of anxiety (social, panic, separation), positive/negative affect, anxious arousal (from tripartite theory), and depression, in relation to chronotype to better understand the specificity and directionality of associations between chronotype and internalizing problems in adolescence. Community youth participated in three assessment time points: T1, T2 (18-months post-T1), and T3 (30-months post-T1) as part of a larger longitudinal study. Youth completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, and chronotype. Regression analyses showed that eveningness: (1) concurrently associated with decreased separation anxiety, elevated symptoms of depression and low levels of positive affect, (2) was prospectively predicted by elevated depression, (3) did not predict later symptoms of anxiety. The reciprocal, prospective relationship between chronotype and internalizing psychopathology is specific to depression during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin A. Haraden
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Mullin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Hankin
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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12
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Tosuntaş ŞB, Balta S, Emirtekin E, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. Adolescents’ eveningness chronotype and cyberbullying perpetration: the mediating role of depression-related aggression and anxiety-related aggression. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1513132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabah Balta
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emrah Emirtekin
- The Centre for Open and Distance Learning, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Sahbaz C, Devetzioglou T, Ozcelik AM, Kırpınar I. Circadian preferences are associated with vegetative symptoms and comorbid medical diseases in patients with major depression. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1490867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Sahbaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tougmpa Devetzioglou
- Department of Psychiatry, St Pancras Hospital, Camden and Islington NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ismet Kırpınar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronotype, reflecting interindividual differences in daily activity patterns and sleep-wake cycles, is intrinsically connected with well-being. Research indicates increased risk of many adverse mental health outcomes for evening-type individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the current evidence available on the relationship between chronotype and psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The association between eveningness and depression is well established cross-sectionally, with preliminary support from longitudinal studies. The mechanisms underlying this relationship warrant further research; deficient cognitive-emotional processes have recently been implicated. Eveningness is associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, and the propensity of evening types to addiction has been recognized. Chronotype may also be implicated in disordered eating. SUMMARY Eveningness is associated with depression-including seasonal affective disorder (SAD)-and substance dependence, while support for a relation with anxiety disorders and psychosis is lacking. In bipolar disorder, chronotype is linked to depression but not mania. Eveningness is also related to sleep disturbances and poor lifestyle habits, which may increase risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liia Kivelä
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinos Rodolfos Papadopoulos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dimitrov A, Veer IM, Kleeblatt J, Seyfarth F, Roenneberg T, Ising M, Uhr M, Keck ME, Kramer A, Berger M, von Koch L, Walter H, Adli M. Chronotype is associated with psychological well-being depending on the composition of the study sample. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:1236-1247. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105317751618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Past studies examining the effect of chronotype and social jetlag on psychological well-being have been inconsistent so far. Here, we recruited participants from the general population and enquired about their natural sleeping behavior, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Partial correlations were computed between sleep variables and indicators of psychological well-being, controlling for age and sex. Less sleep during work days was found a good indicator for impairments in psychological well-being. In exploratory follow-up analyses, the same correlations were calculated within groups of early, intermediate, and late chronotype. We observed that the composition of the sample in terms of chronotype influenced whether associations between sleep variables and psychological well-being could be observed, a finding that is advised to be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dimitrov
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kleeblatt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfarth
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Institute of Medical Psychology, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin E Keck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Berger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara von Koch
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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Andreassen CS, Bakker AB, Bjorvatn B, Moen BE, Magerøy N, Shimazu A, Hetland J, Pallesen S. Working Conditions and Individual Differences Are Weakly Associated with Workaholism: A 2-3-Year Prospective Study of Shift-Working Nurses. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2045. [PMID: 29209265 PMCID: PMC5702308 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on individual differences and the demand-support-control model in relation to workaholism. We hypothesized that unfavorable working conditions (high job demands, low job control/decision latitude, and low social support at work) and individual differences concerning sleep/wake-related variables (high flexibility, high morningness, and low languidity) would be related to workaholism measured 2–3 years later. Survey data stemmed from a prospective cohort of shift-working nurses (N = 1,308). The results showed that social support at work was negatively related to workaholism, whereas job demands were positively related to workaholism. Flexibility in terms of time for working/sleeping was also positively related to workaholism. The analyses further revealed that workaholism was inversely associated with age as well as having a child or having a child move in. Conjointly, the independent variables explained 6.4% of the variance in workaholism, while their relative importance was small overall. After controlling for all other independent variables, high job demands had the strongest relationship (small-to-medium) with workaholism. This implies that less pressure from the external environment to work excessively hard may prevent an increase in workaholic behaviors. Overall, the study adds to our understanding of the relationships between working conditions, individual differences, and workaholism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnold B Bakker
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nils Magerøy
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Akihito Shimazu
- Department of Mental Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jørn Hetland
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Mokros Ł, Witusik A, Michalska J, Łężak W, Panek M, Nowakowska-Domagała K, Antczak A, Pietras T. Sleep quality, chronotype, temperament and bipolar features as predictors of depressive symptoms among medical students. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:708-720. [PMID: 28488895 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1316730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of risk factors is a crucial step in the prevention and treatment of affective disorders and should encompass personal dispositions. The aim of this study was to assess the value of chronotype and temperament as independent predictors of depressive symptoms among medical students. The study surveyed 140 students of the Faculty of Medicine with a battery of questionnaires: the Beck Depression Index (BDI), Hypomania Checklist 32 (HCL-32), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Chronotype Questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised. The results were tested using Pearson's correlation quotient and general linear model. Ten percent of the participants demonstrated a BDI score suggestive of clinically significant depressive symptoms. BDI score correlated positively with HCL-32 score. A rise in BDI was independently predicted by elevated Neuroticism and PSQI scores and morningness. Those effects were independent from each other and from other parameters of the model. The presence of depressive symptoms might be associated with bipolar features among medical students. Poor sleep quality predicted depressive symptoms, similarly to Neuroticism and independently of temperament and chronotype. Future studies on the associations between personal dispositions and mood disorders among medical students are required to help identify those at greater risk of developing affective illness. Effective prophylaxis and early intervention are warranted to ensure better treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Mokros
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Andrzej Witusik
- b Department of Psychology , Faculty of Social Sciences, Piotrkow Trybunalski Division, Jan Kochanowski Memorial University of Humanities and Sciences , Piotrkow Trybunalski , Poland
| | - Julia Michalska
- c Clinical Pharmacology Students Scientific Circle, Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Wojciech Łężak
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Michał Panek
- e Department of Internal Medicine , Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała
- f Department of Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology , Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- g Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Heterogeneity of sleep quality based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a community sample: a latent class analysis. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-017-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Díaz-Morales JF. Anxiety during adolescence: considering morningness–eveningness as a risk factor. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-015-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tavernier R, Munroe M, Willoughby T. Perceived morningness-eveningness predicts academic adjustment and substance use across university, but social jetlag is not to blame. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:1233-45. [PMID: 26507124 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1085062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Past research has consistently found that evening-types typically report poorer academic adjustment and higher levels of substance use compared to morning-types. An important development within the morningness-eveningness and psychosocial adjustment literature has been the hypothesis that social jetlag (i.e. the asynchrony between an individual's "biological" and "social" clocks) is one factor that may explain why evening-types are at a greater risk for negative psychosocial adjustment. Yet, only a handful of studies have assessed social jetlag. Furthermore, the few studies that have assessed social jetlag have done so only with concurrent data, and thus have not been able to determine the direction of effects among morningness-eveningness, social jetlag and psychosocial adjustment. To address this important gap in the literature, the present 3-year longitudinal study employed the use of a cross-lagged auto-regressive model to specifically examine the predictive role of perceived morningness-eveningness and social jetlag on two important indices of psychosocial adjustment among university students: academic adjustment and substance use. We also assessed whether there would be an indirect effect between perceived morningness-eveningness and psychosocial adjustment through social jetlag. Participants were 942 (71.5% female; M = 19 years, SD = 0.90) undergraduates at a mid-sized university in Southern Ontario, Canada, who completed a survey at three assessments, each one year apart, beginning in first-year university. Measures were demographics (age, gender and parental education), sleep problems, perceived morningness-eveningness, social jetlag, academic adjustment and substance use. As hypothesized, results of path analyses indicated that a greater perceived eveningness preference significantly predicted higher social jetlag, poorer academic adjustment and higher substance use over time. In contrast, we found no support for social jetlag as a predictor of academic adjustment and substance use, indicating that social jetlag did not explain the link between perceived morningness-eveningness and negative psychosocial adjustment. An important finding was the significant predictive effect of higher substance use on social jetlag over time. Results of the present study highlight the importance of employing a longitudinal framework within which to specifically determine the direction of effects among the study variables in order to validate proposed theoretical models that aim to guide our understanding of how perceived morningness-eveningness, social jetlag, academic adjustment and substance use relate to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royette Tavernier
- a School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University , Evanston , IL , USA and
| | | | - Teena Willoughby
- c Department of Psychology , Brock University , St. Catharines, Ontario , Canada
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Yun JA, Ahn YS, Jeong KS, Joo EJ, Choi KS. The Relationship between Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Korean Firefighters. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 13:201-8. [PMID: 26243849 PMCID: PMC4540041 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between chronotype and sleep disturbance, and assessed various factors that might be associated with sleep disturbance in Korean firefighters. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires assessing chronotype, depression, alcohol use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), stress response and sleep quality were examined in 515 firefighters. RESULTS Evening type firefighters more reported depression, alcohol use, PTSD, stress response and sleep disturbance. Also evening chronotype was the most significant risk factor for poor sleep quality (odds ratio [OR], 4.812; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.448-9.459), even after controlling for all other variables (OR, 3.996; 95% CI, 1.806-8.841). CONCLUSION Chronotype was the factor most strongly associated with sleep disturbance, and therefore should be considered an important variable in sleep quality, particularly in occupations involving stressful activities, such as firefighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Yun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Sook Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Antúnez JM, Navarro JF, Adan A. Circadian typology is related to resilience and optimism in healthy adults. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:524-30. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1008700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rique GLN, Fernandes Filho GMC, Ferreira ADC, de Sousa-Muñoz RL. Relationship between chronotype and quality of sleep in medical students at the Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:96-102. [PMID: 26483910 PMCID: PMC4521651 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify chronotypes of medical students at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) and its relationship to quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, age, sex and season of birth. METHODS The final sample consisted of 221 students, assessed by four questionnaires: demographic questionnaire, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality lndex (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between groups with respect to chronotypes and PSQI score (p<0.0005), but not with excessive daytime sleepiness. A significant negative correlation was found between the scores of MEQ and PSQI (rho=-0.3, p<0.0005), demonstrating that the greater the eveningness, the worse the sleep quality. It was observed that 51.6% of students were classified as indifferent chronotype, 61.5% had poor quality of sleep, while 42.1% had excessive daytime sleepiness. Sex and season at birth did not differ between chronotypes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the evening chronotype was associated with poor quality of sleep in medical students, but not with increased daytime sleepiness, with potential impairment to their academic performance and quality of life.
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Circadian Preferences, Sleep Quality and Sleep Patterns, Personality, Academic Motivation and Academic Achievement of university students. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Carciofo R, Du F, Song N, Zhang K. Mind wandering, sleep quality, affect and chronotype: an exploratory study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91285. [PMID: 24609107 PMCID: PMC3946719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality impairs cognition, including executive functions and concentration, but there has been little direct research on the relationships between sleep quality and mind wandering or daydreaming. Evening chronotype is associated with poor sleep quality, more mind wandering and more daydreaming; negative affect is also a mutual correlate. This exploratory study investigated how mind wandering and daydreaming are related to different aspects of sleep quality, and whether sleep quality influences the relationships between mind wandering/daydreaming and negative affect, and mind wandering/daydreaming and chronotype. Three surveys (Ns = 213; 190; 270) were completed with Chinese adults aged 18-50, including measures of sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, mind wandering, daydreaming, chronotype and affect (positive and negative). Higher frequencies of mind wandering and daydreaming were associated with poorer sleep quality, in particular with poor subjective sleep quality and increased sleep latency, night-time disturbance, daytime dysfunction and daytime sleepiness. Poor sleep quality was found to partially mediate the relationships between daydreaming and negative affect, and mind wandering and negative affect. Additionally, low positive affect and poor sleep quality, in conjunction, fully mediated the relationships between chronotype and mind wandering, and chronotype and daydreaming. The relationships between mind wandering/daydreaming and positive affect were also moderated by chronotype, being weaker in those with a morning preference. Finally, while daytime sleepiness was positively correlated with daydream frequency, it was negatively correlated with a measure of problem-solving daydreams, indicating that more refined distinctions between different forms of daydreaming or mind wandering are warranted. Overall, the evidence is suggestive of a bi-directional relationship between poor sleep quality and mind wandering/daydreaming, which may be important in attempts to deal with sleep problems and improve sleep quality. These findings and further research on this topic may also have implications for definitions and theories of mind wandering and daydreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- Key Laboratory of Behavorial Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Behavorial Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Nan Song
- Training College, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Behavorial Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Toplu Y, Selvi Y, Kizilay A. The role of individual biological rhythm differences and sleep quality on tinnitus symptom severity. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.873219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Horzum MB, Önder İ, Beşoluk Ş. Chronotype and academic achievement among online learning students. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schlarb AA, Sopp R, Ambiel D, Grünwald J. Chronotype-related differences in childhood and adolescent aggression and antisocial behavior – A review of the literature. Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:1-16. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.829846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Martin JS, Hébert M, Ledoux E, Gaudreault M, Laberge L. Relationship of chronotype to sleep, light exposure, and work-related fatigue in student workers. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:295-304. [PMID: 22390242 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.653656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Students who work during the school year face the potential of sleep deprivation and its effects, since they have to juggle between school and work responsibilities along with social life. This may leave them with less time left for sleep than their nonworking counterparts. Chronotype is a factor that may exert an influence on the sleep of student workers. Also, light and social zeitgebers may have an impact on the sleep-related problems of this population. This study aimed to document sleep, light exposure patterns, social rhythms, and work-related fatigue of student workers aged 19-21 yrs and explore possible associations with chronotype. A total of 88 student workers (mean ± SD: 20.18 ± .44 yrs of age; 36 males/52 females) wore an actigraph (Actiwatch-L; Mini-Mitter/Respironics,Bend, OR) and filled out the Social Rhythm Metric for two consecutive weeks during the school year. Also, they completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale (OFER). Repeated and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs), Pearson's chi-square tests, and correlation coefficients were used for statistical comparisons. Subjects slept an average of 06:28 h/night. Actigraphic sleep parameters, such as sleep duration, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep latency, did not differ between chronotypes. Results also show that evening types (n = 17) presented lower subjective sleep quality than intermediate types (n = 58) and morning types (n = 13). Moreover, evening types reported higher levels of chronic work-related fatigue, exhibited less regular social rhythms, and were exposed to lower levels of light during their waking hours (between 2 and 11 h after wake time) as compared to intermediate types and morning types. In addition, exposure to light intensities between 100 and 500 lux was lower in evening types than in intermediate types and morning types. However, bright light exposure (≥ 1000 lux) did not differ between chronotypes. In conclusion, results suggest that student workers may constitute a high-risk population for sleep deprivation. Evening types seemed to cope less well with sleep deprivation, reporting poorer sleep quality and higher levels of work-related fatigue than intermediate types and morning types. The higher chronic work-related fatigue of evening types may be linked to their attenuated level of light exposure and weaker social zeitgebers. These results add credence to the hypothesis that eveningness entails a higher risk of health-impairing behaviors.
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SELVI Y, AYDIN A, GULEC M, BOYSAN M, BESIROGLU L, OZDEMIR PG, KILIC S. Comparison of dream anxiety and subjective sleep quality between chronotypes. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2011.00511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Randler C, Bausback V. Morningness-eveningness in women around the transition through menopause and its relationship with climacteric complaints. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09291010903407631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Barclay NL, Eley TC, Buysse DJ, Archer SN, Gregory AM. DIURNAL PREFERENCE AND SLEEP QUALITY: SAME GENES? A STUDY OF YOUNG ADULT TWINS. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:278-96. [DOI: 10.3109/07420521003663801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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