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Varma P, Conduit R, Junge M, Jackson ML. Examining Sleep and Mood in Parents of Children with Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:865-874. [PMID: 33154690 PMCID: PMC7608549 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s271140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined sleep and mood associations in parents of children with sleep disturbances across a sample of typically developing children and children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The mediating effect of children's sleep on the relationship between parents' sleep and mood was also assessed. The study explored differences in parents' sleep based on whether 1) the child had a sleep disturbance, and 2) the child was typically developing or had a neurodevelopmental disorder. METHODS A total of 293 parents of children aged 2-12 years completed an online questionnaire. Parental sleep was examined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale and the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale, and mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States-short form. Measures for children included the Child's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS Across the overall sample, children's sleep disturbances were associated with parents' sleep disturbances, accounting for 22% of the change in parental sleep quality. Children's sleep partially mediated parents' sleep and mood. Significant differences were observed for sleep and mood outcomes in parents of children with sleep disturbances (CSHQ scores ≥41). However, no significant differences were reported for children's sleep disturbances and parents' sleep quality based on whether the child was typically developing or had a neurodevelopmental disorder. CONCLUSION Parents of children with sleep disturbances experience poor sleep and high pre-sleep arousal, indicative of insomnia. Given that these parents experience cognitive arousal and insomnia, it is recommended that parents' sleep problems are addressed and treated in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Varma
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Russell Conduit
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moira Junge
- Sleep Health Foundation, Blacktown, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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Roberts CM, Harper KL, Bistricky SL, Short MB. Bedtime behaviors: Parental mental health, parental sleep, parental accommodation, and children’s sleep disturbance. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2019.1605607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Roberts
- Center for Pediatric Psychology, Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kristina L. Harper
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston – Clear Lake
| | - Steven L. Bistricky
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston – Clear Lake
| | - Mary B. Short
- Department of Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, University of Houston – Clear Lake
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Abstract
Sleep habits developed in adolescence shape long-term trajectories of psychological, educational, and physiological well-being. Adolescents’ sleep behaviors are shaped by their parents’ sleep at both the behavioral and biological levels. In the current study, we sought to examine how neural concordance in resting-state functional connectivity between parent-child dyads is associated with dyadic concordance in sleep duration and adolescents’ sleep quality. To this end, we scanned both parents and their child (N = 28 parent-child dyads; parent Mage = 42.8 years; adolescent Mage = 14.9 years; 14.3% father; 46.4% female adolescent) as they each underwent a resting-state scan. Using daily diaries, we also assessed dyadic concordance in sleep duration across two weeks. Our results show that greater daily concordance in sleep behavior is associated with greater neural concordance in default-mode network connectivity between parents and children. Moreover, greater neural and behavioral concordances in sleep is associated with more optimal sleep quality in adolescents. The current findings expand our understanding of dyadic concordance by providing a neurobiological mechanism by which parents and children share daily sleep behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), NC 27599, USA
| | - Michelle E Miernicki
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, USA; Human Resources and Industrial Relations, UIUC, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), IL 61801, USA.
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Parent-child bed-sharing: The good, the bad, and the burden of evidence. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 32:4-27. [PMID: 27107752 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The practice of parent and child sharing a sleeping surface, or 'bed-sharing', is one of the most controversial topics in parenting research. The lay literature has popularized and polarized this debate, offering on one hand claims of dangers, and on the other, of benefits - both physical and psychological - associated with bed-sharing. To address the scientific evidence behind such claims, we systematically reviewed 659 published papers (peer-reviewed, editorial pieces, and commentaries) on the topic of parent-child bed-sharing. Our review offers a narrative walkthrough of the many subdomains of bed-sharing research, including its many correlates (e.g., socioeconomic and cultural factors) and purported risks or outcomes (e.g., sudden infant death syndrome, sleep problems). We found general design limitations and a lack of convincing evidence in the literature, which preclude making strong generalizations. A heat-map based on 98 eligible studies aids the reader to visualize world-wide prevalence in bed-sharing and highlights the need for further research in societies where bed-sharing is the norm. We urge for multiple subfields - anthropology, psychology/psychiatry, and pediatrics - to come together with the aim of understanding infant sleep and how nightly proximity to the parents influences children's social, emotional, and physical development.
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Hatzinger M, Brand S, Perren S, Von Wyl A, Stadelmann S, von Klitzing K, Holsboer-Trachsler E. In pre-school children, sleep objectively assessed via actigraphy remains stable over 12 months and is related to psychological functioning, but not to cortisol secretion. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 55:22-8. [PMID: 24814637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Studies of the long-term stability of sleep in pre-schoolers are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate objectively assessed sleep via actigraphy in pre-schoolers longitudinally, and to predict sleep, psychological functioning and cortisol secretion prospectively as a function of sleep 12 months earlier. METHOD A total of 73 pre-schoolers (mean age: 5.45 years; 53% females) were assessed again after 12 (mean age: 6.4 years). Sleep-actigraphy recordings were performed, saliva cortisol was analysed, and parents and experts rated children's psychological functioning. RESULTS Longitudinally, poor sleep at age 5.45 years was associated with poor sleep and internalizing and peer problems but not with externalizing problems and hyperactivity, and cortisol secretion 12 months later. At age 6.4 years and cross-sectionally, poor sleep was concurrently associated with greater psychological difficulties and increased cortisol secretion. CONCLUSION In pre-schoolers, poor sleep objectively assessed at age five was associated with psychological difficulties and poor sleep as assessed via actigraph and one year later. Results indicate that in pre-schoolers sleep remains stable over a 12-mont interval. Pre-schoolers with poor sleep appear to be at risk for developing further psychological difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Solothurn, Switzerland; Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Perren
- University of Konstanz and Thurgau, University of Teacher Education, Switzerland
| | - Agnes Von Wyl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Stadelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Switzerland
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Hatzinger M, Brand S, Perren S, Von Wyl A, Stadelmann S, von Klitzing K, Holsboer-Trachsler E. In pre-school children, sleep objectively assessed via sleep-EEGs remains stable over 12 months and is related to psychological functioning, but not to cortisol secretion. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1809-14. [PMID: 24011863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Cross-sectional studies provide evidence that in pre-schoolers poor sleep is by this age already associated with both poor psychological functioning and an increased cortisol secretion. However, long-term studies on the stability of sleep in pre-schoolers are scarce. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate objectively assessed sleep in pre-schoolers longitudinally, and to predict sleep, psychological functioning and cortisol secretion prospectively as a function of sleep 12 months earlier. METHOD A total of 58 pre-schoolers (mean age: 5.43 years; 47% females) were re-assessed 12 months later (mean age: 6.4 years). Sleep-EEG recordings were performed, saliva cortisol was analysed, and parents and experts rated children's psychological functioning. RESULTS Longitudinally, poor objective sleep at age 5.4 years was associated with poor objective sleep and psychological difficulties but not cortisol secretion 12 months later. At age 6.4 years, poor sleep was concurrently associated with greater psychological difficulties and increased cortisol secretion. CONCLUSION In pre-schoolers, poor sleep objectively assessed at the age of 5.4 years was associated with poor sleep and psychological difficulties one year later. Data indicate that in pre-schoolers, sleep remains stable over a 12-months-period. Pre-schoolers with poor sleep appear to be at risk for developing further psychological difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Solothurn, Switzerland; Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Bajoghli H, Alipouri A, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Sleep patterns and psychological functioning in families in northeastern Iran; evidence for similarities between adolescent children and their parents. J Adolesc 2013; 36:1103-13. [PMID: 24215957 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and well-being of adolescents and their parents are related, but data from non-Western countries are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' and their parents' sleep patterns and psychological functioning in northeastern Iran. A total of 81 families (81 mothers, 78 fathers, 130 children aged 12-20 years) took part in the study. They individually and separately completed questionnaires related to sleep and psychological functioning. Sleep quality was related within families. Poor sleep among children and parents was related in each case to more depressive symptoms and stress. Mothers' sleep and psychological functioning were more related to adolescent children's sleep and psychological functioning than were those of fathers. Results confirm research showing that adolescent's and parents' sleep and psychological functioning are inter-related. This association holds also true for families in northeastern Iran, suggesting that the association reflects universal features of family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Bajoghli
- Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center (PPRC), Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kalak N, Gerber M, Kirov R, Mikoteit T, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. The relation of objective sleep patterns, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbances in adolescent children and their parents: a sleep-EEG study with 47 families. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:1374-82. [PMID: 22841346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have shown that the sleep and well-being of children and their parents are closely related. Previous studies have relied on subjective sleep data and have focused mostly on younger preadolescent children. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the relationship between the sleep patterns of adolescents and those of their parents using objective assessment of sleep. METHODS Forty-seven families took part in this study. The sample comprised 80 adolescents (age: 16.3 ± 2.0 years; 44 males/36 females), 47 mothers (age: 49.5 ± 4.0 years), and 39 fathers (age: 50.8 ± 5.1 years). All participants individually completed questionnaires related to psychological functioning and sleep. Sleep-EEGs were assessed for all family members in their homes. RESULTS Adolescents' and parents' objective sleep patterns were associated. In particular, the sleep continuity and architecture of adolescents and their mothers were strongly related. Additionally, significant relationships between objectively assessed sleep patterns, subjective sleep disturbances, depression scores and family climate held true for equally adolescents and mothers. Also, substantial links were found between adolescents' and parents' subjective sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and perceived family climate. CONCLUSION The present findings document objectively for the first time the existence of relationships between adolescents' sleep and well-being and parents' sleep and well-being. These relationships were apparent regardless of whether subjective or objective sleep data were considered. The overall pattern of results strongly indicates that adolescents' sleep and well-being and family functioning are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Kalak
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Centre for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
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