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Kang J, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA, Finnerty C, DiFiore M, Garcia A, Beller N. Time-of-Day Effects of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Responses and Endurance Performance-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2080-2090. [PMID: 37026733 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kang, J, Ratamess, NA, Faigenbaum, AD, Bush, JA, Finnerty, C, DiFiore, M, Garcia, A, and Beller, N. Time-of-day effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2080-2090, 2023-The time-of-day effect of exercise on human function remains largely equivocal. Hence, this study aimed to further analyze the existing evidence concerning diurnal variations in cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance using a meta-analytic approach. Literature search was conducted through databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Article selection was made based on inclusion criteria concerning subjects' characteristics, exercise protocols, times of testing, and targeted dependent variables. Results on oxygen uptake (V̇ o2 ), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio, and endurance performance in the morning (AM) and late afternoon or evening (PM) were extracted from the chosen studies. Meta-analysis was conducted with the random-effects model. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Meta-analysis revealed higher resting V̇ o2 (Hedges' g = -0.574; p = 0.040) and resting HR (Hedges' g = -1.058; p = 0.002) in PM than in AM. During exercise, although V̇ o2 remained indifferent between AM and PM, HR was higher in PM at submaximal (Hedges' g = -0.199; p = 0.046) and maximal (Hedges' g = -0.298; p = 0.001) levels. Endurance performance as measured by time-to-exhaustion or the total work accomplished was higher in PM than in AM (Hedges' g = -0.654; p = 0.001). Diurnal variations in V̇ o2 appear less detectable during aerobic exercise. The finding that exercising HR and endurance performance were greater in PM than in AM emphasizes the need to consider the effect of circadian rhythm when evaluating athletic performance or using HR as a criterion to assess fitness or monitor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Human Performance Laboratory, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey
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Fiedler J, Altmann S, Chtourou H, Engel FA, Neumann R, Woll A. Daytime fluctuations of endurance performance in young soccer players: a randomized cross-over trial. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:351. [PMID: 36424664 PMCID: PMC9685973 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluctuations of physical performance and biological responses during a repetitive daily 24-h cycle are known as circadian rhythms. These circadian rhythms can influence the optimal time of day for endurance performance and related parameters which can be crucial in a variety of sports disciplines. The current study aimed to evaluate the daytime variations in endurance running performance in a 3.000-m field run and endurance running performance, blood lactate levels, and heart rate in an incremental treadmill test in adolescent soccer players. RESULTS In this study, 15 adolescent male soccer players (age: 18.0 ± 0.6 years) performed a 3.000-m run and an incremental treadmill test at 7:00-8:00 a.m. and 7:00-8:00 p.m. in a randomized cross-over manner. No significant variations after a Bonferroni correction were evident in endurance running performance, perceived exertion, blood lactate levels, and heart rates between the morning and the evening. Here, the largest effect size was observed for maximal blood lactate concentration (9.15 ± 2.18 mmol/l vs. 10.64 ± 2.30 mmol/l, p = .110, ES = 0.67). Therefore, endurance running performance and physiological responses during a field-based 3.000-m run and a laboratory-based test in young male soccer players indicated no evidence for daytime variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Fiedler
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Altmann
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany ,TSG ResearchLab gGmbH, 74939 Zuzenhausen, Germany
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- grid.412124.00000 0001 2323 5644Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3000 Sfax, Tunisie ,Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, 1003 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Florian A. Engel
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute of Sport Science, Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Würzburg University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Neumann
- Institute of Movement and Sport, University of Education Karlsruhe, 73133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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BATAR N, KERMEN S, SEVDİN S, ERSİN A, GÜÇLÜ D. Effect of Pilates Exercises on the Body Composition of Fasting Females. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abedelmalek S, Aloui K, Denguezli Bouzgarou M, Adam H, Souissi N, Chtourou H. Exergaming During Ramadan Intermittent Fasting Improve Body Composition as Well as Physiological and Psychological Responses to Physical Exercise in Adolescents With Obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:851054. [PMID: 35836586 PMCID: PMC9274190 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.851054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of exergaming on biochemical responses has been investigated; however, no data is available for this effect during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). RIF is a daily fasting characterized by abstaining from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset for 29–30 days. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exergaming during RIF on body composition, physical performance and hematological parameters in overweight and adolescents with obesity. Twenty-four adolescents with obesity were divided into two groups [control group (CG), n = 12, or cooperative sport exergaming group (EG), n = 12: 45 min per session during five days per week)]. Participants completed a 6-min walking test (6MWT), a squat jump test and a 10 and a 30m sprint tests in four different occasions: before Ramadan (T0), the second week of Ramadan (T1), the fourth week of Ramadan (T2), and after Ramadan (T3). Blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), body composition, central obesity index, dietary intake and profile of mood states (POMS) were, also, assessed over the four periods. The results showed that body weight, body mass index and body fat percentage were significantly lower at T2 compared to T0 and T1 in the EG. After RIF, body composition returned to the values recorded before RIF. The POMS score was significantly lower during T2 compared to T0, T1 and T3 in the EG. The vertical jump and the 6MWT distance were significantly higher (i) at T2 compared to T0, T1 and T3 in the EG and (ii) in EG compared to CG at T2. RPE was significantly lower (i) at T2 compared to T0, T1 and T3 in the EG and (ii) in EG compared to CG at T2. Blood pressure was lower during T2 compared to the other periods in EG. The EG experienced significant decreases in total cholesterol and triglycerides during T2. However, no significant changes between groups and periods was reported for all the other parameters. In conclusion, exergaming during RIF has a positive effect on body composition and physiological and psychological responses in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Salma Abedelmalek ;
| | - Khouloud Aloui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | | | - Halima Adam
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Boukhris O, Hill DW, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Mezghanni N, Souissi N, Bragazzi NL, Chamari K, Chtourou H. Longer Nap Duration During Ramadan Observance Positively Impacts 5-m Shuttle Run Test Performance Performed in the Afternoon. Front Physiol 2022; 13:811435. [PMID: 35222079 PMCID: PMC8864235 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.811435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that changes in the rhythm of life during Ramadan affect sleep schedules (i.e., interruption of night sleep patterns) and are likely to have negative effects on physical and cognitive performances. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different naps opportunities’ durations during Ramadan on performance of short-duration repetitive maximal exercise and perception of effort. Fifteen physically active men (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 177 ± 6 cm, body-mass: 73 ± 10 kg) performed a 6 × 30-s shuttle run test after a 25-min nap (N25), a 45-min nap (N45), and in a no-nap condition (NN) during three experimental periods: ∼2 weeks before Ramadan (BR), the last ten days of Ramadan (ER), and ∼3 weeks after Ramadan (AR). During the shuttle run test performed in the late afternoon, the greatest distance (GD), the total distance (TD) and a fatigue index (FI) were assessed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was determined after each 30-s effort. Dietary intake and sleep quality were assessed in each of the three periods. Compared to BR, GD and TD were lower in the ER testing period (p = 0.005; d = 0.54) but returned to BR levels in the AR period. During ER, carbohydrate intake was lower (p = 0.04; d = 0.2), and sleep duration and sleep quality were reduced (d = 0.27 and 0.54, respectively), although other aspects of dietary intake and sleep pattern were not affected. Compared to NN, GD and TD were higher after N25 (d = 0.57 and 0.34, respectively) and N45 (d = 0.93 and 0.88 respectively). RPE was lower in N45 (p = 0.035, d = 0.84). N45 resulted in higher TD (p = 0.021, d = 0.13) and lower RPE (p = 0.004; d = 0.57) compared to N25 during ER. Taking a daytime nap benefits subsequent performance in a shuttle run test, whether sleep the previous night was normal (as in BR) or compromised (as in ER). The benefits of napping were greater after a 45-min nap opportunity than after a 25-min nap opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - David W. Hill
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), Université Paris Lumières, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- *Correspondence: Achraf Ammar, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8053
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nourhen Mezghanni
- Department of Education Collage of Sport Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Éducation Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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The Effects of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Football Players and Implications for Domestic Football Leagues Over the Next Decade: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:585-600. [PMID: 34757593 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The month of Ramadan will intersect with many football leagues' schedules over the next decade. Understanding the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on physical performance is necessary to guide considerations for football players. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of RIF on physical factors in football players, and secondarily to consider the impact this may have on domestic club football leagues. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES The online literature search utilized CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Embase.com, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and grey literature (all from database inception to May 2020). STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria consisted of studies of football (soccer) players, data collected during and/or around Ramadan, with injury and/or performance data provided. RESULTS The search yielded 11,226 studies. Twenty-two studies were included following a review of titles, abstracts, and full texts. Studies included some iteration of before-Ramadan, during-Ramadan, and after-Ramadan data. Common measures observed included ratings of perceived exertion (n = 8), sprinting (n = 7), sleep (n = 7), peak heart rate (n = 6), jumping (n = 5), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests (n = 4), Wingate anaerobic test (n = 3), field-specific tests (n = 3), and injury rates (n = 2). Decreased physical performance was commonly observed during late afternoon/evening testing (before breaking the fast) and with high-intensity exercise. CONCLUSION There appears to be a performance deficit related to RIF in Muslim football players. Studies should explore the effects of RIF on actual match demands. Due to the month of Ramadan emerging into league calendars, considerations should be made to accommodate Muslim football players who are intermittently fasting.
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Al-Nawaiseh AM, Bataineh MF, Kilani HA, Bellar DM, Judge LW. Time-Restricted Feeding and Aerobic Performance in Elite Runners: Ramadan Fasting as a Model. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718936. [PMID: 34621774 PMCID: PMC8490664 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A distance runner's performance is generally limited by energy availability when competing or training. Modifying meal frequency and timing by abstaining from eating or drinking, from dawn to dusk, during Ramadan fasting is hypothesized to induce hypohydration and reduced caloric and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Ramadan fasting on runners' performances. Fifteen trained male distance runners who observed Ramadan participated in this study (Age = 23.9 ± 3.1 years; Peak VO2 = 71.1 ± 3.4 ml/kg/min). Each participant reported to the human performance lab on two testing occasions (pre-Ramadan and the last week of Ramadan). In each visit, participants performed a graded exercise test on the treadmill (Conconi protocol) and their VO2, Heart Rate, time to exhaustion, RPE, and running speed were recorded. Detailed anthropometrics, food records, and exercise logs were kept for the entire period of the study. Repeated measure ANOVA, paired t-test, and Cohen's effect size analysis were carried out. Results indicated no significant influence for Ramadan fasting on body mass (p = 0.201), body fat (p = 0.488), lean body mass (p = 0.525), VO2max (p = 0.960), energy availability (p = 0.137), and protein intake (p = 0.124). However, carbohydrate (p = 0.026), lipid (p = 0.009), water (p < 0.001), and caloric intakes (p = 0.002) were significantly reduced during Ramadan Fasting. Daily training duration (p < 0.001) and exercise energy expenditure (p = 0.001) were also reduced after Ramadan. Time to exhaustion (p = 0.049), and maximal running speed (p = 0.048) were improved. Overall, time to exhaustion and maximal running speed of the distance runners was improved during Ramadan fasting, independent of changes in nutrients intake observed during the current study. With proper modulation of training, distance runners performance can be maintained or even slightly improved following the month of Ramadan fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Al-Nawaiseh
- College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mo'ath F Bataineh
- College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - David M Bellar
- Department of Applied Physiology Health & Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Lawrence W Judge
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
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Mhenni T, Souissi A, Tayech A, Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Chamari K, Souissi N, Khlifa R, Haddad M. The effect of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances in elite female team-handball players. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1488-1499. [PMID: 34112026 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1932994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of Ramadan fasting and the time of theday on the physical performance of team-handball players has not yet been fully investigated. This study investigated the effects of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance. With acounterbalanced study design, 15 elite female team-handball players underwent the hand grip (HG), ball throwing velocity (BTV), modified agility T-test (MAT), and repeated shuttle-sprint and jump ability (RSSJA) tests at 07:00 h and 17:00 h, one week before Ramadan (BR), and during thesecond (SWR) and fourth week of Ramadan (4WR). The oral temperature (OT) was monitored prior to exercise and the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were obtained after RSSJA. The results showed that the time of theday had an effect on OT under all conditions. The HG, BTV, and MAT test performances were higher in the evening than in the morning BR (P< .001, P< .05, and P< .001, respectively). However, the diurnal variation noted in the HG and MAT tests was reversed during the SWR and 4WR, while the BTV variation was blunted during the SWR and reversed during the 4WR. The best RSSJA performance was observed in the evening BR. However, for the best and mean sprint times, areversal of this diurnal variation was observed, which was blunted for the mean jump height and sprint time decrement during Ramadan. Moreover, RPE were influenced by the time of theday and the month of Ramadan. These findings suggest that the diurnal variation of team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance may be reversed and/or blunted during Ramadan fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouraya Mhenni
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Tayech
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khlifa
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Fashi M, Ahmadizad S, Nobari H, Pérez-Gómez J, Oliveira R, Carlos-Vivas J, Ardigò LP. Effect of Acute Ramadan Fasting on Muscle Function and Buffering System of Male Athletes. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9040397. [PMID: 33916095 PMCID: PMC8065404 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute Ramadan fasting (RF) on the muscle function and buffering system. Twelve male athletes with 8 years of professional sports experience (age, 23.2 ± 1.3 years, body mass index: 24.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2) participated in this study. The subjects were tested twice, 3 weeks after the beginning of RF and 2 weeks after the end RF. Muscle function, buffering capacity, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during and after RF by using the Biodex isokinetic machine, blood gas analyzer, and RPE 6–20 Borg scale, respectively. Venous blood samples for pH and bicarbonate (HCO3−) were measured during and after RF by using the Biodex isokinetic machine, blood gas analyzer, and RPE 6–20 Borg scale, respectively. Venous blood samples for pH and bicarbonate (HCO3−) were taken immediately after 25 repetitions of isokinetic knee flexion and extension. Measures taken during isokinetic knee extension during RF were significantly lower than those after RF in extension peak torque (t = −4.72, p = 0.002), flexion peak torque (t = −3.80, p = 0.007), extension total work (t = −3.05, p = 0.019), extension average power (t = −4.20, p = 0.004), flexion average power (t = −3.37, p = 0.012), blood HCO3− (t = −2.02, p = 0.041), and RPE (Z = −1.69, p = 0.048). No influence of RF was found on the blood pH (t = 0.752, p = 0.476). RF has adverse effects on muscle function and buffering capacity in athletes. It seems that a low-carbohydrate substrate during RF impairs muscle performance and reduces the buffering capacity of the blood, leading to fatigue in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fashi
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran; (M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajad Ahmadizad
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran; (M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Hadi Nobari
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (J.C.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2140-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.P.-G.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy;
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Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Khouloud A, Ben Anes A, Souissi N. Does red orange juice supplementation has a protective effect on performance, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage and oxidative stress markers following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 under polluted air? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:630-642. [PMID: 31081360 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1614155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of red orange juice supplementation (ROJS) on performance, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage and oxidative stress markers of athletes following exercise under polluted air. Eleven soccer players performed a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 in polluted area (PA) and non-polluted area (NPA). Participants are invited to drink 500 ml of red orange or placebo (PLA) juice 2.5 h before the test. Blood samples were collected at rest and 3 min after each session to assess creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status. Our results showed that, VO2max, heart rate and systolic blood pressure post-exercise were significantly altered by pollution with both supplements, but the damage was lowered more with ROJS than PLA. Concerning muscle damage and oxidative stress markers, orange juice supplementation blunted the effect of pollution on CK levels post-exercise (p > 0.05) and decreases significantly (p < 0.05) the MDA levels post-exercise in PA and NPA compared to PLA supplementation. In conclusion, ROJS seemed to be an appropriate strategy to reduce the risk of exposure to pollution especially on muscle damage and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Boussetta
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Manouba , Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Physiology and functional explorations, Sousse Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aloui Khouloud
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage , Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Anes
- Research Unit UR12ES06, Physiology of Exercise and Physiopathology: from Integrated to Molecular "Biology, Medicine and Health", Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse , Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Manouba , Manouba, Tunisia
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Graja A, Ghattassi K, Boudhina N, Bouzid MA, Chahed H, Ferchichi S, Driss T, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on cognitive, physical and biochemical responses to strenuous short-term exercises in elite young female handball players. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113241. [PMID: 33157076 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RF) on cognitive and physical performance and biochemical responses to specific exercises in elite young female handball players. Twelve athletes participated in three experimental sessions: one week before Ramadan (BR), during the first week of Ramadan (FWR) and during the last week of Ramadan (LWR). The present crossover study was carried out in Tunisia during the 2013 Ramadan month lasting from 9 July to 7 august. During each session, a battery of tests was performed as follow: Hooper index, vigilance test (VT), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), five jump test (5-JT), modified agility T-test (MAT), maximal standing ball-throw velocity test (MSBVT) and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint (RAST) Test. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded immediately after the RAST. Blood samples were collected before and after exercises during each session. The results showed that ESS scores were higher during LWR than BR (p < 0.05). Moreover, MSBVT time decreased (p < 0.05) during LWR, therefore performance enhanced. The power of three final sprints from the RAST decreased significantly only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.05). RAST fatigue index and RPE scores were higher during LWR more than BR (p < 0.05). The results showed also that hematological measures (i.e., red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit), plasma osmolarity and energetic markers were unaffected by RF. Biomarkers of muscle damage were higher after the RAST only during LWR compared to BR (p < 0.01 for all). In conclusion, RF increased ESS and decreased RAST performances associated with higher muscle damage and fatigue, especially at LWR. These previous alterations could be attributed to disturbances of sleep and circadian rhythms rather than nutritional deficiency or dehydratation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Graja
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nahla Boudhina
- High institute of sport and physical education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Henda Chahed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
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12
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Pullinger SA, Cocking S, Robertson CM, Tod D, Doran DA, Burniston JG, Varamenti E, Edwards BJ. Time-of-day variation on performance measures in repeated-sprint tests: a systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:451-468. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1703732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy,
Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott Cocking
- Sports Science Department, Aspire Academy,
Doha, Qatar
| | - Colin M. Robertson
- School for Sport and Biological Sciences, University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dominic A. Doran
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jatin G. Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Zghibi M, Mzid Abdelmalek S, Sahli H, Ben Khlifa W, Selmi O. Effect of time of day on the offensive capability and aerobic performance in football game. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1445499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makrem Zghibi
- Sportive Performance & Physical Rehabilitation (S2PR) (UR13JS01), Research Unit, University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Salma Mzid Abdelmalek
- Sportive Performance & Physical Rehabilitation (S2PR) (UR13JS01), Research Unit, University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Sahli
- Sportive Performance & Physical Rehabilitation (S2PR) (UR13JS01), Research Unit, University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Wissam Ben Khlifa
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia The University Campus of Boulifa, Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - Okba Selmi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Research Unit, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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Gueldich H, Zghal F, Borji R, Chtourou H, Sahli S, Rebai H. The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the underlying mechanisms of force production capacity during maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:698-708. [PMID: 30889992 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1592183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on the underlying mechanisms of force production capacity during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using the superimposed twitch technique. Ten healthy male physical education students performed three MVIC of the knee extensor superimposed with nerve electrical stimulation during four testing phases: one week before Ramadan (BR), at the end of the first week of Ramadan (R-1), during the fourth week of Ramadan (R-4) and two weeks after Ramadan (AR). This study was performed during Ramadan 2016. MVIC values, voluntary activation level (VAL), potentiated resting twitch and electromyography signals were recorded during each MVIC. The French version of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS-f) was used to evaluate the subjective mood states in each testing session. The results showed that MVIC values (890.57 ± 67.90 vs. 816.46 ± 54.72 N) and VAL (87.73 ± 3.27 vs. 77.32 ± 7.87%) decreased at R-1 compared to BR (p < 0.001). However, the neuromuscular efficiency and the potentiated resting twitch remained unchanged during Ramadan (R). Results showed that depression (p < 0.01; 6.3 ± 1.57 vs. 4.7 ± 1.25), fatigue (p < 0.001; 9.2 ± 1.93 vs. 4.6 ± 2.01) and anxiety (p < 0.001; 6.4 ± 1.51 vs. 11.8 ± 1.23) scores of POMS-f were higher during R-1 compared to BR. In conclusion, RIF-related impairment of maximal muscle force seems to be related to nervous alterations of the VAL, whereas the RIF did not adversely affect peripheral mechanisms. Abbreviations' List: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AR: After Ramadan; BMI: Body-mass index; BR: Before Ramadan; EMG: Electromyography; ER: End of Ramadan; MF: Mean frequency; Mmax: Peak-to-peak M-wave amplitudes; MVIV: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction; NES: Nerve electrical stimulation; NME: Neuromuscular efficiency; POMS-f: French version of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire; R: Ramadan; R-1: First week of Ramadan; R-4: Fourth week of Ramadan; RF: Rectus femoris; RIF: Ramadan intermittent fasting; RMS: Root mean square; VAL: Voluntary activation level; VL: Vastus lateralis; VM: Vastus medialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmy Gueldich
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.,b Université Côte d'Azur , LAMHESS , France
| | - Rihab Borji
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- c Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax , Université de Sfax , Sfax , Tunisie.,d Activité Physique , Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport , Tunis , Tunisie
| | - Sonia Sahli
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- a Research Unit: Education, Motricité, Sports et Santé (UR UR15JS01) , High Institute of Sports and Physical Activity of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Boukhris O, Hsouna H, Chtourou L, Abdesalem R, BenSalem S, Tahri N, Trabelsi K, Stannard SR, Chtourou H. Effect of Ramadan fasting on feelings, dietary intake, rating of perceived exertion and repeated high intensity short-term maximal performance. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:1-10. [PMID: 30207750 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1513943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting on feelings, dietary intake, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and repeated high-intensity short-term maximal performance. Thirteen physically active men (age: 21.2 ± 2.9 years, height: 175.6 ± 5.6 cm, body-mass: 72.4 ± 8.6 kg) performed a 5-m shuttle run test (6 × 30-s + 35-s of recovery in-between) during five experimental periods: fifteen days before Ramadan (BR), the first ten days of Ramadan (FR), the last ten days of Ramadan (ER), ten days after Ramadan (AR10) and 20 days after Ramadan (AR20). The study was carried out in Tunisia during the 2016 Ramadan month. During the 5-m shuttle run test, higher distance (HD), total distance (TD) and fatigue index (FI) were recorded. RPE was determined after a 5-min warm-up and after each repetition of the 5-m shuttle run test (the mean RPE score during the test was calculated). Moreover, a feelings scale (FS) was used after the warm-up and after the end of the 5-m shuttle run test. During the five experimental periods, dietary intake was assessed. The results showed that HD, TD and FI during the 5-m shuttle run test were not affected by Ramadan observance (p > 0.05). Likewise, FS scores recorded after the warm-up and the 5-m shuttle run test were not affected by Ramadan fasting (p > 0.05). However, mean RPE scores during the 5-m shuttle run test were significantly lower at ER (4.06 UA), AR10 (3.86 UA) and AR20 (3.71 UA) in comparison to BR (4.51 UA) (p < 0.05). The results showed also that Ramadan fasting has no adverse effect on energy intake, protein (g and %), fat (g and %) and carbohydrate (g). However, the fractional contribution of carbohydrate was significantly higher AR10 than FR (53.1% vs. 45.8%) and ER (53.1% vs. 46.5%) and AR20 than FR (5.92% vs. 45.8%) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Ramadan fasting has no adverse effect on feelings, dietary intake, and short-term maximal performance. However, the RPE during repeated high intensity short-term maximal exercise was reduced AR20 in comparison to ER. Abbreviations: AR: After Ramadan; AR10: Ten days after Ramadan; AR20: Twenty days after Ramadan; BR: Fifteen days before Ramadan; ER: Last ten days of Ramadan; FI: Fatigue index; FR: First ten days of Ramadan; FS: Feelings scale; HD: Higher distance; PSQI: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; RPE: Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale; TD: Total distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Boukhris
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Chtourou
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdesalem
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Sahar BenSalem
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Nabil Tahri
- b Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Hedi Chaker Hospital , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- c School of Sport and Exercise , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- a UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Sfax , Tunisia
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Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Aloui K, Souissi N. The effect of air pollution on diurnal variation of performance in anaerobic tests, cardiovascular and hematological parameters, and blood gases on soccer players following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:903-920. [PMID: 28613960 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1325896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of air pollution on diurnal variation of performance in anaerobic tests, cardiovascular and hematological parameters, and blood gases on soccer players following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 (YYIRT1). In a randomized order, 11 healthy soccer players (mean age: 21.8 [range: 20-24] years; height: 178.00 [range: 1.64-1.83] cm; body mass index [BMI]: 23.57 [range: 20.45-28.03] kg.m-2) performed a YYIRT1 at two different times of day (TOD) (08:00 h and 18:00 h) in two areas (i.e. polluted (PA) and non-polluted (NPA)) with a recovery period of ≥ 72 h in between, to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). In each test session: resting oral temperature is measured, anaerobic performances (pre- and post-YYIRT1) were performed, cardiovascular parameters and blood samples were collected at: rest, 3 min and 60 min after the YYIRT1, to assess blood gases and hematological parameters. Our results showed that, agility performance, VO2max, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), pH, and bicarbonate levels (HCO3-) decrease significantly (p < 0.001) following the YYIRT1 in PA compared to NPA. Likewise, the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelets (PLT), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophiles (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYM), and partial pressure of CO2 levels (PvCO2) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in PA. This effect was slightly accentuated at 18:00 h for some parameters (i.e. Agility, HCO3-, HR, PvCO2, RBC, SBP). However, performances of sprint and Sargent jump test (SJT), oral temperature, rate of perceived exertion scales (RPE), partial pressure of O2 (PvO2), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and monocytes (MON) were not affected by pollution (p > 0.05). In conclusion, pollution seems to be critical for health stability and performance in response to YYIRT1 especially in the evening and the winter season. Therefore, coaches and athletes should draw attention to the potential importance of land use planning in their training sessions and competitions in the morning in polluted area to minimize the risk of pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Boussetta
- a Research Unit of Physical Activity, Sport and Health , National Sport Observatory of Tunisia , Tunis , Tunisia.,b High Institute of Sport and Physical Education , University of Mannouba , Ksar saïd , Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- c Research Laboratory ''Sports performance optimization'' National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Aloui
- d Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Department of Physiology , University of Carthage , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- c Research Laboratory ''Sports performance optimization'' National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) , Tunis , Tunisia.,e Department of Physiology and functional explorations , Sousse Faculty of Medicine , Sousse , Tunisia
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Bouguerra L, Ben Abderrahman A, Chtourou H, Zouhal H, Tabka Z, Prioux J. The effect of time-of-day of training during Ramadan on physiological parameters in highly trained endurance athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1276271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Bouguerra
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional of Explorations, Faculty of Medicine “IBN EL JAZZAR” Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of biomonitoring of the environment (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Science of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
| | - A. Ben Abderrahman
- Laboratory of biomonitoring of the environment (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Science of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Bizerta, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H. Chtourou
- Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H. Zouhal
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Z. Tabka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional of Explorations, Faculty of Medicine “IBN EL JAZZAR” Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - J. Prioux
- Movement, Sport, and Health Sciences Laboratory, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
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Aloui A, Briki W, Baklouti H, Chtourou H, Driss T, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Listening to Music during Warming-Up Counteracts the Negative Effects of Ramadan Observance on Short-Term Maximal Performance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136400. [PMID: 26301508 PMCID: PMC4547754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to examine whether listening to music during warming-up might influence short-term maximal performance (STMP), cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and enjoyment during Ramadan, and whether these affects might predict STMP. Methods Nine male physical education students (age: 21 ± 1.1 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.04 m; body mass: 83 ± 5 kg) volunteered to participate in the present study. A within-subjects design consisted of four experimental sessions: Two sessions occurred one week before Ramadan and two others took place during Ramadan. They were scheduled at 5 p.m. and were conducted as follows: After a 10-minute warm-up either with or without listening to music, each participant performed a 5-m multiple shuttle run test, after which he was asked to answer items intended to assess his affective state during the experimental task. Results Our findings revealed that STMP was lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan in the no-music condition. Additionally, it was found that STMP was higher in the music condition than in the no-music condition during Ramadan, and that STMP measured before Ramadan did not differ from that measured during Ramadan in the music condition. Regarding affects, the findings revealed that enjoyment was lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan in the music condition, and that cognitive anxiety was lower in the music condition than in the no-music condition before Ramadan. Self-confidence was not influenced by the experimental conditions. Conclusion This study showed that listening to music during warming-up not only would be beneficial for STMP in Ramadan fasters, but also would counteract the negative effects of Ramadan observance on STMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Aloui
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Walid Briki
- Qatar University, College of Arts and Sciences, Sport Science Program, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Baklouti
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Laboratoire CeRSM (EA 2931), Equipe de Physiologie, Biomécanique et Imagerie du Mouvement, UFR STAPS, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Center, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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Chaâri N, Frikha M, Mezghanni N, Ayadi J, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Does post-warm-up rest interval affect the diurnal variation of 30-s Wingate cycle ergometry? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1073477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Chtourou H, Briki W, Aloui A, Driss T, Souissi N, Chaouachi A. Relation entre musique et performance sportive : vers une perspective complexe et dynamique. Sci Sports 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baklouti H, Aloui A, Chtourou H, Briki W, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Does increasing active warm-up duration affect afternoon short-term maximal performance during Ramadan? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116809. [PMID: 25646955 PMCID: PMC4315438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of active warm-up duration on short-term maximal performance assessed during Ramadan in the afternoon. METHODS Twelve healthy active men took part in the study. The experimental design consisted of four test sessions conducted at 5 p.m., before and during Ramadan, either with a 5-minute or a 15-minute warm-up. The warm-up consisted in pedaling at 50% of the power output obtained at the last stage of a submaximal multistage cycling test. During each session, the subjects performed two vertical jump tests (squat jump and counter movement jump) for measurement of vertical jump height followed by a 30-second Wingate test for measurement of peak and mean power. Oral temperature was recorded at rest and after warming-up. Moreover, ratings of perceived exertion were obtained immediately after the Wingate test. RESULTS Oral temperature was higher before Ramadan than during Ramadan at rest, and was higher after the 15-minute warm-up than the 5-minute warm-up both before and during Ramadan. In addition, vertical jump heights were not significantly different between the two warm-up conditions before and during Ramadan, and were lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan after both warm-up conditions. Peak and mean power were not significantly different between the two warm-up durations before Ramadan, but were significantly higher after the 5-minute warm-up than the 15-minute warm-up during Ramadan. Moreover, peak and mean power were lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan after both warm-up conditions. Furthermore, ratings of perceived exertion were higher after the 15-minute warm-up than the 5-minute warm-up only during Ramadan. CONCLUSION The prolonged active warm-up has no effect on vertical jump height but impairs anaerobic power assessed during Ramadan in the afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Baklouti
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Aloui
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Briki
- University of French West Indies and Guyana, ACTES Laboratory, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Jarraya S, Jarraya M, Souissi N. Diurnal variation and weekly pattern on physical performance in Tunisian children. Sci Sports 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Ghattassi K, Graja A, Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Boudhina N, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Effect of nocturnal melatonin ingestion on short-term anaerobic performance in soccer players. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.929853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chtourou H, Aloui A, Hammouda O, Souissi N, Chaouachi A. Diurnal variation in long- and short-duration exercise performance and mood states in boys. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-014-0190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chtourou H, Briki W, Hammouda O, Aloui A, Souissi N, Chaouachi A. The effect of the time-of-day of training during Ramadan on soccer players’ chronotype and mood states. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-014-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Does Ramadan fasting affect the diurnal variations in metabolic responses and total antioxidant capacity during exercise in young soccer players? SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-014-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pullinger SA, Brocklehurst EL, Iveson RP, Burniston JG, Doran DA, Waterhouse JM, Edwards BJ. Is there a diurnal variation in repeated sprint ability on a non-motorised treadmill? Chronobiol Int 2013; 31:421-32. [PMID: 24328815 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.865643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In active males, muscle force production and short-term (<6 s) anaerobic performance are significantly greater in the evening compared with the morning. This diurnal variation is attributed to motivational, peripheral and central factors, and possibly the higher core and muscle temperatures observed in the evening. However, little is known regarding whether diurnal variation on a treadmill also exists in team-sport specific tests of repeated sprint ability (RSA), as would be relevant to football, for example. A controlled laboratory protocol using a non-motorised treadmill has been used to investigate whether daily variation in RSA is present in highly motivated athletes. Twenty active males (mean ± SD: age, 21.0 ± 2.2 yrs; maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] max), 60.8 ± 4.8 ml kg min(-1); body mass, 77.02 ± 10.5 kg and height, 1.79 ± 0.07 m) volunteered and completed two sessions counterbalanced in order of administration (separated by >48 h): a morning (M, 07:30 h) and evening (E, 17:30 h) session. Both sessions included a 5-min active warm-up on a motorised treadmill at 10 km h(-1) followed by three task-specific warm-up sprints at 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively, on a non-motorised treadmill. During each trial, 10 × 3 s repeated sprints with 30 s recoveries were performed on the non-motorised treadmill. Rectal (Trec) and muscle temperature measurements (Tm) were taken after subjects had reclined for 30 min at the start of the protocol, and again after the active warm-up. Values of heart rate, thermal comfort (TC), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and effort were measured throughout. Blood samples were taken at rest, after the sprints and 5-min post sprints. Data were analysed using a GLM with repeated measures. Trec and Tm values were higher at rest in the evening than the morning (0.46 °C and 0.57 °C, respectively, p < 0.05). Distance covered, peak power, average power, peak velocity and average velocity all showed significantly higher values in the evening compared with the morning (a range of 3.3-8.3%, p < 0.05), with peak power displaying a statistical trend (0.10 > p > 0.05). All subjects reported maximal values for "effort" for each sprint. There were significant positive correlations between Trec and Tm, Trec and RPE, TC and all measures of RSA performance. However, there was no correlation between fatigue index for peak power output or peak velocity and Trec. In summary, in this population of motivated subjects, time-of-day effects were seen in resting Trec and Tm values and all performance measures of RSA, in partial agreement with past research. The diurnal variation in Trec and Tm cannot fully explain time-of-day oscillations in RSA on a non-motorised treadmill. Although central temperature may provide some endogenous rhythm to human performance, the causal link seems to be due to a multiplicity of components and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Pullinger
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
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Aloui A, Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Souissi H, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Effects of Ramadan on the diurnal variations of physical performance and perceived exertion in adolescent soccer players. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.780697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aloui A, Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. The challenge of rapid weight loss prior to competition for Muslim combat sport athletes during Ramadan. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.780698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Concomitant effects of Ramadan fasting and time-of-day on apolipoprotein AI, B, Lp-a and homocysteine responses during aerobic exercise in Tunisian soccer players. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79873. [PMID: 24244572 PMCID: PMC3823586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the time-of-day and Ramadan fasting (RF) effects on serum apolipoprotein-AI (Apo-AI) and B (Apo-B), lipoprotein particles-a (Lp-a), high-sensitive C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT). Design Performance and biochemical measures were completed at two times-of-day (07:00 and 17:00 h), 1-week before RF (BR), the second week of RF (SWR), and the fourth week of RF (ER). Setting For each session, subjects performed the YYIRT, and blood samples were taken before and 3-min after the test for biochemical measures. Participants Fifteen soccer players. Main Outcome Measures Total distance during the YYIRT, core temperature, body composition, dietary intakes, lipid (HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo-AI, B and Lp-a) and inflammatory (hs-CRP and Hcy) profiles. Results Performances during the YYIRT were higher in the evening than the morning BR (P < 0.05), but this fluctuation was not observed during RF. Moreover, LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp-a were stable throughout the daytime BR. However, during RF, they decreased at 17:00 h (P < 0.05). Likewise, HDL-C and Apo-AI increased after the exercise and were higher at 17:00 h BR (P < 0.001). Moreover, these parameters increased during RF (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Hcy and hs-CRP increased during the exercise (P < 0.01) with higher evening levels BR. During ER, the diurnal pattern of Hcy was inversed (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study concluded that caloric restriction induced by RF seems to ameliorate lipid and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular health during intermittent exercise performed in the evening.
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Chtourou H, Aloui A, Hammouda O, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. The effect of time-of-day and judo match on short-term maximal performances in judokas. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.756269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zarrouk N, Hug F, Hammouda O, Rebai H, Tabka Z, Dogui M, Bouhlel E. Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on body composition and neuromuscular performance in young athletes: a pilot study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.730891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abedelmalek S, Chtourou H, Souissi N, Tabka Z. Effect of time-of-day and racial variation on short-term maximal performance. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.756261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jarraya S, Jarraya M, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Diurnal variations on cognitive performances in handball goalkeepers. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.811032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chtourou H, Aloui A, Hammouda O, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Effect of static and dynamic stretching on the diurnal variations of jump performance in soccer players. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70534. [PMID: 23940589 PMCID: PMC3734300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study addressed the lack of data on the effect of different types of stretching on diurnal variations in vertical jump height - i.e., squat-jump (SJ) and countermovement-jump (CMJ). We hypothesized that dynamic stretching could affect the diurnal variations of jump height by producing a greater increase in short-term maximal performance in the morning than the evening through increasing core temperature at this time-of-day. METHODS Twenty male soccer players (age, 18.6±1.3 yrs; height, 174.6±3.8 cm; body-mass, 71.1±8.6 kg; mean ± SD) completed the SJ and CMJ tests either after static stretching, dynamic stretching or no-stretching protocols at two times of day, 07:00 h and 17:00 h, with a minimum of 48 hours between testing sessions. One minute after warming-up for 5 minutes by light jogging and performing one of the three stretching protocols (i.e., static stretching, dynamic stretching or no-stretching) for 8 minutes, each subject completed the SJ and CMJ tests. Jumping heights were recorded and analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures (3 [stretching]×2 [time-of-day]). RESULTS The SJ and CMJ heights were significantly higher at 17:00 than 07:00 h (p<0.01) after the no-stretching protocol. These daily variations disappeared (i.e., the diurnal gain decreased from 4.2±2.81% (p<0.01) to 1.81±4.39% (not-significant) for SJ and from 3.99±3.43% (p<0.01) to 1.51±3.83% (not-significant) for CMJ) after dynamic stretching due to greater increases in SJ and CMJ heights in the morning than the evening (8.4±6.36% vs. 4.4±2.64%, p<0.05 for SJ and 10.61±5.49% vs. 6.03±3.14%, p<0.05 for CMJ). However, no significant effect of static stretching on the diurnal variations of SJ and CMJ heights was observed. CONCLUSION Dynamic stretching affects the typical diurnal variations of SJ and CMJ and helps to counteract the lower morning values in vertical jump height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory Sport Performance Optimization National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
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Aloui A, Chtourou H, Masmoudi L, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Effects of Ramadan fasting on male judokas’ performances in specific and non-specific judo tasks. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.722454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mejri MA, Hammouda O, Zouaoui K, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Rayana MCB, Souissi N. Effect of two types of partial sleep deprivation on Taekwondo players’ performance during intermittent exercise. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.787686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Chahed H, Bellimem H, Chamari K, Souissi N. Time-of-day effects on biochemical responses to soccer-specific endurance in elite Tunisian football players. J Sports Sci 2013; 31:963-71. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.757345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Souissi N, Zouita A, Chtourou H, Ferchichi H, Dziri C, Abedelmalek S, Souissi N. The effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on dynamic postural control in judo athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.787759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gharbi A, Masmoudi L, Ghorbel S, Saïd NB, Maalej R, Tabka Z, Zaouali M. Time of Day Effect on Soccer—Specific Field Tests in Tunisian Boy Players. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ape.2013.32011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
This article focuses on physical performances after training at a specific time of day. To date, although the effect of time of day on aerobic performances appears to be equivocal, during anaerobic exercises, the effect of time of day has been well established with early morning nadirs and peak performances in the late afternoon. These diurnal rhythms can be influenced by several factors such as the regular training at a specific time of day. Indeed, regular training in the morning hours may increase the lower morning performances to the same or even higher level as their normal diurnal peak typically observed in the late afternoon by a greater increase of performance in the evening. However, regular training in the evening hours may increase the morning-evening (i.e., amplitude of the rhythm) difference by a greater increase of performance in the late afternoon. Therefore, adaptations to training are greater at the time of day at which training is regularly performed than at other times. Nevertheless, although modifications in resting hormones concentrations could explain this time-of-day specific adaptations, precise information on the underlying mechanisms is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.
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Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Chahed H, Zarrouk N, Miled A, Chamari K, Souissi N. Biochemical responses to level-1 yo-yo intermittent recovery test in young tunisian football players. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 4:23-8. [PMID: 23785572 PMCID: PMC3685156 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this work was to investigate the metabolic and muscle damage responses after the level-1 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT) in young football players. Methods Fifteen male football players (17.42 ± 0.2 yrs, 69.91 ± 4.4 kg, 178.64 ± 3.8 cm; mean ± SD) participated in this study. Fasting blood samples for various biochemical parameters (i.e. lactate (Lac), glucose (GLC), triglycerides (Tri), creatine kinase (CK), uric acid (UA)) collected from a forearm vein after 5-min of seated rest and 3-min after the test. Moreover, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and maximal heart rate during and after the YYIRT were recorded. Results Mean levels of the selected biochemical markers were raised after the YYIRT exercise (P<0.001 for the other markers). Moreover, lipid parameters increased significantly after the test (P<0.01 for Tri and P<0.001 for HDL). Conclusion These findings confirm the higher metabolic demand of aerobic as well as anaerobic metabolism and reflect a significant mobilization of purine cycle during the YYIRT. The increase of muscle damage markers also reflects the higher anaerobic solicitation. From these findings, we can conclude the importance of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during soccer-specific endurance performance (i.e. YYIRT, soccer match).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunisia
- Address: National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Bp263, Ave Med Ali Akid, 1004 El Menzah, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunisia
- Research Unit (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunisia
| | - Henda Chahed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Zarrouk
- Neurophysiologie de la Vigilance, de l'Attention et des Performances, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, CHU Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhedi Miled
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimisation”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
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Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Souissi H, Chamari K, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Diurnal variations in physical performances related to football in young soccer players. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 3:139-44. [PMID: 23012632 PMCID: PMC3445640 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of time-of-day on aerobic and anaerobic performances during the Yo-Yo, repeated sprint ability (RSA) and the Wingate tests in young soccer players. METHODS In a counterbalanced and a random order, twenty junior male soccer players completed the Yo-Yo, the RSA, and the Wingate tests at two different times-of-day: 07:00 and 17:00 h. During the Yo-Yo test, the total distance (TD) covered and the estimated maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) were determined. The peak power (PP) during each sprint, the percentage of decrement of PP (PD) and total work (Wtotal) during the RSA test were, also, measured. In addition, during the Wingate test, the peak (P(peak)) and mean (P(mean)) powers were recorded. RESULTS During the Wingate test, P(peak) and P(mean) were significantly higher at 17:00 than 07:00 h (P<0.05) with diurnal gains of 3.1±3.6 and 2.9±3.5% respectively. During the RSA test, PP during the first two sprints, Pdec and Wtotal were, also, higher in the evening (P<0.05) with amplitudes of 4.8±4.6, 3.1±3.0, 13.1±32.1, and 4.1±2.5% respectively. Likewise, TD and MAV during the Yo-Yo test were higher at 17:00 than 07:00 h with diurnal gains of 13.1±10.7 and 4.2±3.3 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the daily variations of both aerobic and anaerobic performances during the Yo-Yo, the RSA, and the Wingate tests in trained young Tunisian soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory “Sports performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Tunisia
- Corresponding Author:Address: National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia. Bp263, Ave Med Ali Akid, 1004 El Menzah, Tunis, Tunisia. E-mail:
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory “Sports performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Souissi
- Research Laboratory “Sports performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research Laboratory “Sports performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Research Laboratory “Sports performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory “Sports performance Optimization” National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
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Aziz AR, Chia MYH, Low CY, Slater GJ, Png W, Teh KC. Conducting an acute intense interval exercise session during the Ramadan fasting month: what is the optimal time of the day? Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:1139-50. [PMID: 22947072 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.708375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of Ramadan fasting on performance during an intense exercise session performed at three different times of the day, i.e., 08:00, 18:00, and 21:00 h. The purpose was to determine the optimal time of the day to perform an acute high-intensity interval exercise during the Ramadan fasting month. After familiarization, nine trained athletes performed six 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) cycle bouts followed by a time-to-exhaustion (T(exh)) cycle on six separate randomized and counterbalanced occasions. The three time-of-day nonfasting (control, CON) exercise sessions were performed before the Ramadan month, and the three corresponding time-of-day Ramadan fasting (RAM) exercise sessions were performed during the Ramadan month. Note that the 21:00 h session during Ramadan month was conducted in the nonfasted state after the breaking of the day's fast. Total work (TW) completed during the six WAnT bouts was significantly lower during RAM compared to CON for the 08:00 and 18:00 h (p < .017; effect size [d] = .55 [small] and .39 [small], respectively) sessions, but not for the 21:00 h (p = .03, d = .18 [trivial]) session. The T(exh) cycle duration was significantly shorter during RAM than CON in the 18:00 (p < .017, d = .93 [moderate]) session, but not in the 08:00 (p = .03, d = .57 [small]) and 21:00 h (p = .96, d = .02 [trivial]) sessions. In conclusion, Ramadan fasting had a small to moderate, negative impact on quality of performance during an acute high-intensity exercise session, particularly during the period of the daytime fast. The optimal time to conduct an acute high-intensity exercise session during the Ramadan fasting month is in the evening, after the breaking of the day's fast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sports Physiology, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore Sports Council, Singapore.
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Chaouachi A, Leiper JB, Chtourou H, Aziz AR, Chamari K. The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on athletic performance: recommendations for the maintenance of physical fitness. J Sports Sci 2012; 30 Suppl 1:S53-73. [PMID: 22738880 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.698297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The behavioural modifications that accompany Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) are usually associated with some alterations in the metabolic, physiological, and psychological responses of athletes that may affect sport performance. Muslim athletes who are required to train and/or compete during the month-long, diurnal fast must adopt coping strategies that allow them to maintain physical fitness and motivation if they are to perform at the highest level. This updated review aims to present the current state of knowledge of the effects of RIF on training and performance, focusing on key-factors that contribute to the effects of Ramadan on exercise performance: energy restriction, sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm perturbation, dehydration, and alterations in the training load. The available literature contain few studies that have examined the effects of RIF on physical performance in athletes and, to date, the results are inconclusive, so the effects of RIF on competition outcomes are not at present wholly understood. The diverse findings probably indicate individual differences in the adaptability and self-generated coping strategies of athletes during fasting and training. However, the results of the small number of well-controlled studies that have examined the effects of Ramadan on athletic performance suggest that few aspects of physical fitness are negatively affected, and where decrements are observed these are usually modest. Subjective feelings of fatigue and other mood indicators are often cited as implying additional stress on the athlete throughout Ramadan, but most studies show that these factors may not result in decreases in performance and that perceived exercise intensity is unlikely to increase to any significant degree. Current evidence from good, well-controlled research supports the conclusion that athletes who maintain their total energy and macronutrient intake, training load, body composition, and sleep length and quality are unlikely to suffer any substantial decrements in performance during Ramadan. Further research is required to determine the effect of RIF on the most challenging events or exercise protocols and on elite athletes competing in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia.
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