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Gujar G, Tiwari M, Yadav N, Monika D. Heat stress adaptation in cows - Physiological responses and underlying molecular mechanisms. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103740. [PMID: 37976864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a key abiotic stressor for dairy production in the tropics which is further compounded by the ongoing climate change. Heat stress not only adversely impacts the production and welfare of dairy cows but severely impacts the economics of dairying due to production losses and increased cost of rearing. Over the years, selection has ensured development of high producing breeds, however, the thermotolerance ability of animals has been largely overlooked. In the past decade, the ill effects of climate change have made it pertinent to rethink the selection strategies to opt for climate resilient breeds, to ensure optimum production and reproduction. This has led to renewed interest in evaluation of the impacts of heat stress on cows and the underlying mechanisms that results in their acclimatization and adaptation to varied thermal ambience. The understanding of heat stress and associated responses at various level of animal is crucial to device amelioration strategies to secure optimum production and welfare of cows. With this review, an effort has been made to provide an overview on temperature humidity index as an important indicator of heat stress, general effect of heat stress in dairy cows, and impact of heat stress and subsequent response at physiological, haematological, molecular and genetic level of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Gujar
- Livestock Production Management, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India.
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Animal Biotechnology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nistha Yadav
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334001, India
| | - Dr Monika
- Veterinary Parasitology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302012, India
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González-Garduño R, Zaragoza-Vera C, Chay-Canul AJ, Flores-Santiago EDJ. Haematological values in cattle reared in humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:251. [PMID: 37378872 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine some factors that influence the haematological values of cattle reared in the humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico. Whole blood samples were taken from 1355 crossbred cattle in the years 2017 to 2019. Haematocrit (HTC, %), total plasma protein (TPP, g/dL) and peripheral eosinophils count (PEOS, × 103/µL) were determined manually, and the main haematological variables were recorded with an automatic analyser. The statistical analysis considered as classification variables age, sex, season (cold, dry and rainy), year (2017, 2018 and 2019) and origin of the cattle. The mean of the haematological parameters was determined along with the confidence limits (CL) of the different categories of animals according to age. Calves younger than 1-year-old presented higher levels of HTC, red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet number (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (LYMF) than animals older than 2 years of age. However, they showed the lowest mean cell volume (MCV) and TPP values. In cows, the highest levels of PEOS, granulocytes (GRAN), MCV and medium cells (MID) were observed and the lowest HTC, RBC, RDW and WBC levels. Intervals were determined with the 1st quartile (Q1) or lower confidence interval (90% CI) as the minimum values and the 3rd quartile (Q3) or upper confidence interval (90% CI) as the maximum values. The haematological parameters of cattle reared in the Southeast of Mexico are significantly affected by age, sex and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Zaragoza-Vera
- Academic Division of Agricultural Science, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Centro, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alfonso J Chay-Canul
- Academic Division of Agricultural Science, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Centro, Tabasco, Mexico
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Gujar G, Choudhary VK, Vivek P, Sodhi M, Choudhary M, Tiwari M, Masharing N, Mukesh M. Characterization of thermo-physiological, hematological, and molecular changes in response to seasonal variations in two tropically adapted native cattle breeds of Bos indicus lineage in hot arid ambience of Thar Desert. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1515-1529. [PMID: 35759145 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The selection of climate resilient animal is necessary to secure the future of sustainable animal production. The present investigation therefore was an effort to unravel answers to the adaptation at physiological, hematological, and molecular levels in cows of hot arid region that helps them to survive harsh environment, to continue production and reproduction. This investigation was carried out in indicine cows over a period of one year, encompassing four seasons, wherein physiological data of 50 animals, hematological data of 15 animals, and gene expression profile of 5 animals from each of Sahiwal and Kankrej breeds per season was generated. In total, 5600 physiological observations, 1344 hematological observations, and 480 molecular samples were processed. The meteorological data revealed a high diurnal variation of temperature across seasons, with THI exceeding 80 during the months of summer and hot-humid seasons, indicating significant heat stress (HS). The physiological parameters showed an increasing trend with the incremental THI, with significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and body surface temperature (BST) at ventral (VT), lateral (LT), dorsal (DT), and frontal (FT), in both breeds recorded during HS. The hematological pictures also revealed significant (p < 0.05) seasonal perturbations in erythrocytic and leucocytic parameters. Moreover, the molecular response was driven by a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of all the key HSPs, HSP70, HSP90, HSP60, and HSP40, except HSP27 during the hotter months of summer and hot-humid seasons. The expression of HSF1, an important transcriptional regulator of HSP70 was also significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated during summer season in both breeds. All the molecular chaperones revealed a significant upregulation during the summer season, followed by a decreasing trend by hot-humid season. The study indicated a well-developed thermotolerance mechanism in animals of both breeds, with Kankrej cows exhibiting better thermotolerance compared to Sahiwal cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Gujar
- Rajasthan University of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Prince Vivek
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Sodhi
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Choudhary
- Rajasthan University of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nampher Masharing
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
- ICAR-NBAGR, Karnal, India.
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Abera M, Yusuf Mummed Y, Eshetu M, Pilla F, Wondifraw Z. Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Fogera Cattle Calves to Heat Stress during Different Seasons in Sub-Humid Part of Ethiopia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041062. [PMID: 33918056 PMCID: PMC8069219 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Evaluation of Fogera cattle breed during the different seasons would help to determine their response to heat stress. This would assist in designing intervention strategies for the anticipated climate change. Therefore, this study aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to heat stress in different seasons. We observed that the heart rate and respiration rate were increased by six beats per minute and four breaths per minute when the temperature-humidity index increased from 66 to 78, respectively. The positive relationship between the temperature–humidity index and physiological parameters further confirms that calves were good at thermoregulation at a temperature–humidity index value of 66. Thus, the temperature-humidity index value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to heat stress in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system. However, some more amelioration strategies such as better nutrition, availability of shade, and routine health management practice will further strengthen the resilience of the breed to heat stress in the future. Abstract Fogera cattle are among indigenous breeds of cattle in the northern part of Ethiopia. However, their response to heat stress (HS) under different seasonal variations has not been well investigated. This study was aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to HS during dry season, short rainy, and long rainy. A total of 72 calves (24 for each season) that were 6 months of age with an equal number of males and females were evaluated for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters. Daily ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded two times per day during the study periods from which the daily average temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. The study revealed higher AT and THI during dry and short seasons while higher RH was observed during the long rainy season. Physiological parameters except rectal temperature were affected by the seasons. Hematological parameters were also affected by season except for packed cell volume. Biochemical and growth parameters were also significantly affected by the seasons. THI was positively related with physiological but negatively with growth parameters. Thus, the THI value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to HS in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abera
- Africa Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138 Haramaya, Ethiopia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269 Debre Markos, Ethiopia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +251-911-067-573
| | - Yesihak Yusuf Mummed
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138 Haramaya, Ethiopia; (Y.Y.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Mitiku Eshetu
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138 Haramaya, Ethiopia; (Y.Y.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Department of Agriculture Environment and Food, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis s.n.c., 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Zewdu Wondifraw
- Department of Animal Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269 Debre Markos, Ethiopia;
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