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Chauhan S, Pandey R, Vakani K, Norbury R, Ettinger U, Kumari V. Sleep quality mediates the association between chronotype and mental health in young Indian adults. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 3:31. [PMID: 38914742 PMCID: PMC11196584 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-024-00076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of 'higher preference for eveningness' as a potential independent risk factor for poor mental health. To examine the chronotype-mental health relationship while also quantifying the potential roles of poor sleep quality, relevant personality traits, and childhood trauma, we assessed 282 young adults (18-40 years; 195 females) residing in North India, between January and March 2023 (to control for seasonal variation), using self-report measures of diurnal preference, sleep patterns, mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, schizotypy, and impulsivity), and childhood trauma. The results showed a significant association between eveningness and poor mental health but this association was fully mediated by poor sleep quality. Neuroticism, emotional abuse and cognitive disorganisation were correlated with eveningness as well as with poor mental health and sleep quality. Neuroticism and emotional abuse, but not cognitive disorganisation, also had indirect effects on mental health via sleep quality. Our findings highlight the crucial role played by sleep quality in the chronotype-mental health relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Chauhan
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krupa Vakani
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ray Norbury
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Veena Kumari
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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2
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Poon K, Ho MSH, Tai APL, Leung MK, Chan MCM, Lau WKW. Mediating roles of sleep quality and resilience in the relationships between chronotypes and mental health symptoms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5874. [PMID: 38467740 PMCID: PMC10928116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep and mental health are intrinsically intertwined, but not every individual with problems sleeping develops a mental health disorder. This study examined the association among chronotypes, resilience, sleep quality and mental health symptoms amongst otherwise healthy individuals. Two hundred adults (Mage = 27.75 ± 5.11, 68% female) with no previous diagnosis of mental illness were recruited and filled in a set of questionnaires measuring chronotypes, sleep quality, depression and anxiety symptoms. The findings from the path analysis showed that the morning type had a statistically significant direct effect on a range of sleep quality indices. These included better subjective sleep quality, shortened sleep latency, and fewer daytime dysfunctions, as well as a higher level of resilience. However, it did not significantly affect depression and anxiety symptoms. In addition, the morning type had statistically significant indirect effects on a higher level of resilience and fewer depression and anxiety symptoms through the mediating effect of sleep quality indices. Findings from this study support that morning type is associated with better resilience and psychological health, which is mediated through better sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean Poon
- School of Education, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mimi S H Ho
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan P L Tai
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Kei Leung
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meanne C M Chan
- Wofoo Joseph Lee Consulting and Counselling Psychology Research Centre, Lingnan University of Hong Kong, Room 213, LBY Building, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Way K W Lau
- Department of Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Room F1229, 12/F, 1 Sheung Shing Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Sağlam NGU, Beştepe EE, Sertler İ, Kurnaz S, Ayık B, Poyraz CA. The Relationship Among Seasonality, Night Eating, and Chronotype in Bipolar Disorder: Exploring the Mediating Role of Sleep Quality. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:166-173. [PMID: 38090970 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to explore the association among chronotype, seasonality, sleep quality, and night eating syndrome (NES) among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the mediating role of sleep quality in this relationship. Ninety-two individuals with BD type 1 who had been euthymic for at least 8 weeks and 87 healthy controls were included. In addition to sociodemographic/clinical data, chronotype, seasonality, sleep quality, and NES were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Night Eating Questionnaire. The prevalence of NES (17.4%) was higher among BD than the controls. BD patients with NES had poorer sleep quality, greater seasonality, and lower MEQ scores. Chronotype had an indirect effect that was partially mediated by sleep quality on night eating symptoms in BD patients, in addition to a direct effect. Seasonality was found to have a direct effect on night eating symptoms. Therapeutic interventions that target both sleep and circadian disruption should be implemented when addressing NES in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Engin Emrem Beştepe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases
| | - İlke Sertler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases
| | - Samet Kurnaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Batuhan Ayık
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Erenkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurological Diseases
| | - Cana Aksoy Poyraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine
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4
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Kim SY, Kim HJ, Cho SS, Park MY, Kang MY. Mediation analysis of chronotype, sleep-related factors, and depressive symptoms among workers: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e47. [PMID: 38148918 PMCID: PMC10751214 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the impact of chronotype on depressive symptoms and explore the mediating effects of sleep quality, pre-sleep cognitive arousal, and social jetlag in a sample of wage earners. Methods A total of 3,917 waged workers were surveyed online in July 2022. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to assess the relationship between chronotype (morningness, intermediate, and eveningness) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire ≥ 5), and the mediating effects of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS). All analyses were adjusted for age, education level, income level, marital status, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, occupation, employment status, and working hours to calculate odds ratios (ORs). Results The chronotypes of all the participants were divided into morningness (4.7%), intermediate (93.5%), and eveningness (1.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of depression in the eveningness chronotype (OR: 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 5.86). Regarding the mediation analysis, ISI mediated 28.44% (95% CI: 16.39-40.5), PSQI for 31.25% (95% CI: 19.36, 43.15), and PSAS-Cognitive Score (PSAS-C) for 23.58% (95% CI: 10.66, 36.50) of the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. However, social jetlag did not significantly mediate this relationship. (percentage mediated = 0.75%, 95% CI: -3.88, 5.39). Conclusions Evening chronotypes exhibit an increased risk of depressive symptoms, which ISI, PSQI, and PSAS-C partially mediated. This suggests that interventions to improve sleep quality and maintain adequate sleep habits may effectively prevent and treat depression in employees with an eveningness chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Wang H, Wang S, Yu W, Lei X. Consistency of chronotype measurements is affected by sleep quality, gender, longitude, and latitude. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:952-960. [PMID: 37491913 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2237118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype has received increasing research attention. However, there remains some confusion about the influence of gender, age, sleep quality, insomnia severity, longitude, and latitude on the consistency of the chronotype measured by the different tools. Chronotype measurement indicators were collected from 421 participants. The midpoint of sleep for actigraphy (MSF_A), sleep diary (MSF_D), and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) (MSFsc) on free days and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) scores were used to measure the chronotype. In addition, demographic information, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were also collected. A significant correlation was identified between the questionnaires (MSF_D, MSFsc, rMEQ) and actigraphy (MSF_A) as measures of chronotype. MSF_A was associated with sleep latency and sleep disturbance in the PSQI subdimensions. The correlation between MS_D and sleep disturbance was significant. Both rMEQ and MSFsc were significantly correlated with PSQI (total scores and daytime dysfunction) and ISI. The consistency of all chronotype measurements for the questionnaires and actigraphy was influenced by gender. Among them, MSF_D is also affected by age, while only the latitude and sleep disturbance effect was found in the MSFsc. The influence of age, gender, sleep quality, and latitude should be emphasized when measuring the chronotype using self-reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqing Yu
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
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Dong XX, Liang G, Li DL, Liu MX, Yin ZJ, Li YZ, Zhang T, Pan CW. Association between parental control and depressive symptoms among college freshmen in China: The chain mediating role of chronotype and sleep quality. J Affect Disord 2022; 317:256-264. [PMID: 36055527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College freshmen tend to have more psychological and behavioral problems compared with other populations, especially depressive symptoms. Perceived parental control has been proved to play a significant role in mental health among children and adolescents. Based on the theoretical and empirical research of chronotype and sleep quality, this study constructed a chain mediating model to examine whether they mediated the relationship between parental control and depressive symptoms among Chinese college freshmen. METHODS A total of 2014 college freshmen from Dali University were recruited to participate in this study and completed self-report Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). PROCESS 3.5 for SPSS was applied to determine the chain mediating effect of chronotype and sleep quality between parental control and depressive symptoms. RESULTS College freshmen with depressive symptoms have higher levels of parental control and worse subjective sleep quality than normal population (all p < 0.001). All study variables are correlated with each other, while chronotype has no significant association with depressive symptoms (r = -0.03, p > 0.05). Both maternal and paternal control have a direct link with depressive symptoms (β = 0.86, p < 0.001; β = 0.88, p < 0.001). Parental control could affect depressive symptoms via the independent mediating effect of sleep quality and the chain mediating effect of chronotype and sleep quality. The total indirect effects of maternal and paternal control on depressive symptoms are 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chronotype and sleep quality could mediate the association between parental control and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xuan Dong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yue-Zu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Hori D, Arai Y, Morita E, Ikeda Y, Muroi K, Ishitsuka M, Ikeda T, Takahashi T, Doki S, Oi Y, Sasahara S, Ishihara A, Matsumoto S, Kanbayashi T, Yanagisawa M, Satoh M, Matsuzaki I. Morning preference is associated with subjective happiness among Japanese female workers: A moderation analysis by sleep characteristics from the SLEPT study. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:690-703. [PMID: 35078389 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2028801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Research on mental health in working populations has predominantly focussed on negative outcomes, while studies on the positive aspects of life remain very limited, especially in Japan. Although morningness has recently been considered a factor for being happy, the role of sleep characteristics as it relates to the association between morningness and happiness has not been substantiated. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between diurnal preference and level of subjective happiness in healthy, full-time, daytime workers in Japan. We also tested the moderation effect of sleep parameters on the relationship between diurnal preference and subjective happiness. This is an exploratory analysis from the cross-sectional data of the SLeep Epidemiology Project at the University of Tsukuba (SLEPT Study). Subjective happiness was evaluated using a single-item question. Diurnal preference was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), in which higher scores indicate greater tendency to have morning preference. The participants underwent assessment of sleep parameters for 7 consecutive days using a waist-worn actigraphy device and kept a sleep diary. Sleep parameters investigated were subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, daytime sleepiness, weekend oversleep, total sleep time, sleep onset time, wake time, and sleep efficiency. A total of 205 males (average 42.6 ± 10.4 years) and 272 females (41.1 ± 9.8 years) were eligible for analysis. Hierarchical liner regression analysis was used to show the relationships of subjective happiness with MEQ score, and the sleep parameters. Further, moderation analysis was conducted by adding the interaction between MEQ score and the sleep parameters. After adjusting for age, psychological distress, self-rated health, and occupational stress, we found that subjective happiness was significantly associated with higher MEQ score and sleep efficiency but only in female. The moderating role of sleep parameters was not found. We discussed the implications of the obtained results and a possible strategy to maintain and improve subjective happiness of female workers who have evening preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hori
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yo Arai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Emi Morita
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kei Muroi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mami Ishitsuka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ikeda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shotaro Doki
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oi
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sasahara
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sumire Matsumoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanbayashi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Satoh
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ichiyo Matsuzaki
- Occupational and Aerospace Psychiatry Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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8
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Relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms among newly hired hospital nurses in the Republic of Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e32. [DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Merikanto I, Partonen T. Eveningness increases risks for depressive and anxiety symptoms and hospital treatments mediated by insufficient sleep in a population-based study of 18,039 adults. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1066-1077. [PMID: 34170060 DOI: 10.1002/da.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show that having the eveningness associates with poor mental health. For preventive measures it is important to know which underlying factors mediate these associations and the burden posed to public health. This study examines at a population-based level, whether (1) circadian type and the sleep-wake behavior-based phase entrainment similarly associate with mental health problems, (2) there are differences in hospital treatments due to mental disorders between chronotypes, and (3) the association of chronotype with mental health is mediated by insufficient sleep. METHODS The study sample (N = 18,039) consisted of population-based sample of Finnish adults, aged 25-74 years, with information on their circadian type and sleep patterns, mental health symptoms, and diagnosis as reported in a health examination survey, as well as hospital treatments as recorded on the national Hospital Discharge Register. RESULTS All the mental health symptoms, diagnoses and hospital treatments were more pronounced among Evening-types, especially when assessed by circadian type. Insufficient sleep mediated most but not all of the associations between eveningness and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Eveningness does not increase mental health risks only on symptom or diagnosis level, but also on hospital admission level. A higher prevalence of insufficient sleep among the Evening-types elevates the risk and severity for many of the mental health outcomes. Improving the sleep among Evening-types could help to improve their mental health prospective and ease the health care burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Stolarski M, Gorgol J, Matthews G. The search for causality of personality-chronotype associations: insights from a one-year longitudinal study of adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:489-500. [PMID: 33435746 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1867157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Associations between certain personality traits and individual differences in diurnal preferences, referred to as morningness-eveningness, are well established from cross-sectional studies. However, it is unclear whether personality affects diurnal preference, diurnal preference affects personality, or some third factor influences both. The current study assessed the Big Five personality traits and morningness-eveningness in a one-year, two-wave longitudinal design, in a sample of 169 Polish high school students (59% females), aged 16-17 years (M = 16.80, SD = 0.39) during the first wave of measurement. During the second wave the participants were respectively 1 year older. Cross lagged panel analyses were run to determine wave 1 predictors of wave 2 variables. Cross-sectional analyses replicated the association between morningness and conscientiousness that has been reliably found in previous studies, but the cross-lagged paths between these variables were nonsignificant. These two traits appear to be intrinsically linked to one another by adolescence, possibly as a consequence of genetic influences that shape temperament earlier in childhood. In contrast, emotional stability and morningness were not significantly correlated in wave 1 cross-sectional data, but a significant relationship was found in the cross-lagged panel analysis. Wave 1 emotional stability predicted wave 2 morningness, although wave 1 morningness did not predict personality. We tentatively suggest that there may be a causal effect of personality on diurnal preference, associated with avoidance strategies for coping with academic stress as the high school years approach their end. More neurotic individuals may cope with their aversion to classes by distracting themselves with evening pursuits, such as use of the internet. Further work might examine in more depth how contextual stressors interact with personality to affect daily activities at different times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Gorgol
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gerald Matthews
- Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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11
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Üzer A, Yücens B. The effect of circadian preferences on insomnia severity and depressive symptoms via sleep hygiene in older adults with depression and healthy controls. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:871-879. [PMID: 32954590 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elderly population is increasing globally. Thus, researches focus on the causes and treatment of insomnia, a noteworthy ageing problem. This study aims to investigate the relationship between chronotype and insomnia and whether sleep hygiene mediates this relationship in older adults with depression (OAD). METHODS We assessed subjective insomnia severity, sleep hygiene, chronotype, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms of 82 OAD and 70 healthy controls using the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS The mediation effect of SHI and ISI scores were evaluated in the relationship between MEQ and BDI total scores in OAD. The results showed that MEQ performed its effect on BDI through ISI with full mediation (effect = -0.16, SE: 0.07, 95% CI: -0.3230 to -0.0336). The mediation effect of SHI and BDI scores were evaluated in the relationship between MEQ and ISI total scores in OAD. In this model, it was found that MEQ significantly performed its effect on ISI through SHI and BDI. BDI and SHI predicted the ISI variable as partial mediators (respectively, effect = -0.05, SE: 0.03, 95% CI: -0.1073 to -0.0100; effect = -0.06, SE: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.1051 to -0.0129). CONCLUSIONS Sleep hygiene practices could be essential for the natural functioning of the biological clock and the interrelation of depression and insomnia. Longitudinal follow-up studies of structured sleep hygiene approaches are needed in terms of cost-effectiveness, in OAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Üzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Bengü Yücens
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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12
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Carciofo R. Morning affect, eveningness, and amplitude distinctness: associations with negative emotionality, including the mediating roles of sleep quality, personality, and metacognitive beliefs. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1565-1579. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1798978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carciofo
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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13
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Üzer A, Yücens B. Chronotype and depressive symptoms in healthy subjects: the mediating role of hopelessness and subjective sleep quality. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1173-1180. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1775629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Üzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Bengü Yücens
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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14
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Deibel SH, McDonald RJ, Kolla NJ. Are Owls and Larks Different When it Comes to Aggression? Genetics, Neurobiology, and Behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 32256322 PMCID: PMC7092663 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the contribution of circadian rhythms to aggression with a multifaceted approach incorporating genetics, neural networks, and behavior. We explore the hypothesis that chronic circadian misalignment is contributing to increased aggression. Genes involved in both circadian rhythms and aggression are discussed as a possible mechanism for increased aggression that might be elicited by circadian misalignment. We then discuss the neural networks underlying aggression and how dysregulation in the interaction of these networks evoked by circadian rhythm misalignment could contribute to aggression. The last section of this review will present recent human correlational data demonstrating the association between chronotype and/or circadian misalignment with aggression. With circadian rhythms and aggression being a burgeoning area of study, we hope that this review initiates more interest in this promising and topical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Deibel
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AL, Canada
| | - Nathan J Kolla
- Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Carciofo R. Morningness–eveningness and affect: the mediating roles of sleep quality and metacognitive beliefs. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-019-00238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Norbury R. Chronotype, depression and hippocampal volume: cross-sectional associations from the UK Biobank. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:709-716. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1578229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Norbury
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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17
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Byrne JEM, Bullock B, Brydon A, Murray G. A psychometric investigation of the sleep, circadian rhythms, and mood (SCRAM) questionnaire. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:265-275. [PMID: 30395721 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1533850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The sleep, circadian rhythms, and mood (SCRAM) questionnaire (Byrne, Bullock et al., 2017) was designed to concurrently measure individual differences in three clinically important functions: diurnal preference, sleep quality, and mood. The 15-item questionnaire consists of three 5-item scales named Morningness, Good Sleep, and Depressed Mood. The overarching aim of the current project was to investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Here, we report on associations investigated in three data sets. Study 1 (N = 70, 80% females) was used to examine the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire, finding strong test-retest reliability of the three scales over a 2-week period (r's ranging from 0.73 to 0.86). Study 2 (N = 183, 80% females) enabled us to examine the construct validity of the SCRAM scales against well-validated self-report measures of diurnal preference, sleep quality, and depression. Strong correlations were found between each SCRAM scale and their respective measure in bivariate analyses, and associations were robust after the inclusion of the remaining two SCRAM scales as predictors in regression analyses. Data from Study 3 (N = 42, 100% males) were used to measure the extent to which SCRAM scores correlated with objective measures of sleep-wake behavior using actigraphy. Morningness was found to be related to earlier sleep onset and offset times, and Good Sleep was related to higher sleep efficiency but to no other measures of sleep quality; Depressed Mood was not related to actigraphy measures. The findings provide provisional support for construct validity and reliability of the SCRAM questionnaire as a measure of diurnal preference, sleep quality, and depressed mood. Future research into the psychometrics of SCRAM should test the questionnaire's discriminant and predictive validity in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E M Byrne
- a Centre for Mental Health , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Australia
| | - Ben Bullock
- a Centre for Mental Health , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Australia
| | - Aida Brydon
- a Centre for Mental Health , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Australia
| | - Greg Murray
- a Centre for Mental Health , Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Australia
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18
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Tosuntaş ŞB, Balta S, Emirtekin E, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. Adolescents’ eveningness chronotype and cyberbullying perpetration: the mediating role of depression-related aggression and anxiety-related aggression. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1513132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabah Balta
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emrah Emirtekin
- The Centre for Open and Distance Learning, Yaşar University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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