1
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Karsa A, Fletcher A, Spedalieri G, Pirandola S. Quantum illumination and quantum radar: a brief overview. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:094001. [PMID: 39087757 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad6279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Quantum illumination (QI) and quantum radar have emerged as potentially groundbreaking technologies, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to revolutionise the field of remote sensing and target detection. The protocol, particularly in the context of quantum radar, has been subject to a great deal of aspirational conjecture as well as criticism with respect to its realistic potential. In this review, we present a broad overview of the field of quantum target detection focusing on QI and its potential as an underlying scheme for a quantum radar operating at microwave frequencies. We provide context for the field by considering its historical development and fundamental principles. Our aim is to provide a balanced discussion on the state of theoretical and experimental progress towards realising a working QI-based quantum radar, and draw conclusions about its current outlook and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Karsa
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5GH, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Fletcher
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5GH, United Kingdom
- nodeQ, The Catalyst, Baird Lane, York YO10 5GA, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetana Spedalieri
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5GH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pirandola
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5GH, United Kingdom
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2
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Ramírez PMCT, Gómez JSSD, Becerra GJR, Ramírez-Alarcón R, Robles MG, Salas-Montiel R. Integrated photon pairs source in silicon carbide based on micro-ring resonators for quantum storage at telecom wavelengths. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17755. [PMID: 39085341 PMCID: PMC11291731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the design of an on-chip integrated photon pair source based on Spontaneous Four Wave Mixing (SFWM), implemented on a ring resonator in the 4H Silicon Carbide On Insulator (4H-SiCOI) platform, compatible with a solid state quantum memory in the telecommunications band. Through careful engineering of the waveguide dispersion and micro-ring resonator dimensions, we found solutions where the signal photons are emitted at 1536.48 nm with a bandwidth of ∼ 150 MHz, enabling the interaction with the hyperfine structure of Er3 + ions. Simultaneously, the idler photons are generated at 1563.86 nm, matching the central wavelength of a specific channel in a commercial dense wavelength division multiplexing system. The proposed device fulfill all the spectral requirements in a simple ring-bus coupled waveguide configuration with design parameters within the range of reported values for similar resonators, making feasible its manufacturing with current fabrication capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M C Tavares Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, Guanajuato, México
- Laboratory Light, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, L2n CNRS UMR 7076, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10004, Troyes, France
| | - J S S Durán Gómez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, Guanajuato, México
- Laboratory Light, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, L2n CNRS UMR 7076, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10004, Troyes, France
| | - G J Rodríguez Becerra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, Guanajuato, México
- Laboratory Light, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, L2n CNRS UMR 7076, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10004, Troyes, France
| | - R Ramírez-Alarcón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, 37150, León, Guanajuato, México.
| | - M Gómez Robles
- Laboratory Light, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, L2n CNRS UMR 7076, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10004, Troyes, France
| | - R Salas-Montiel
- Laboratory Light, nanomaterials, and nanotechnologies, L2n CNRS UMR 7076, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10004, Troyes, France.
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3
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Khazali M. Universal terminal for cloud quantum computing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15412. [PMID: 38965311 PMCID: PMC11224409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To bring the quantum computing capacities to the personal edge devices, the optimum approach is to have simple non-error-corrected personal devices that offload the computational tasks to scalable quantum computers via edge servers with cryogenic components and fault-tolerant schemes. Hence the network elements deploy different encoding protocols. This article proposes quantum terminals that are compatible with different encoding protocols; paving the way for realizing mobile edge-quantum computing. By accommodating the atomic lattice processor inside a cavity, the entangling mechanism is provided by the Rydberg cavity-QED technology. The auxiliary atom, responsible for photon emission, senses the logical qubit state via the long-range Rydberg interaction. In other words, the state of logical qubit determines the interaction-induced level-shift at the central atom and hence derives the system over distinguished eigenstates, featuring photon emission at the early or late times controlled by quantum interference. Applying an entanglement-swapping gate on two emitted photons would make the far-separated logical qubits entangled regardless of their encoding protocols. The proposed scheme provides a universal photonic interface for clustering the processors and connecting them with the quantum memories and quantum cloud compatible with different encoding formats.
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4
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Thomas SE, Wagner L, Joos R, Sittig R, Nawrath C, Burdekin P, de Buy Wenniger IM, Rasiah MJ, Huber-Loyola T, Sagona-Stophel S, Höfling S, Jetter M, Michler P, Walmsley IA, Portalupi SL, Ledingham PM. Deterministic storage and retrieval of telecom light from a quantum dot single-photon source interfaced with an atomic quantum memory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7346. [PMID: 38608017 PMCID: PMC11014446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A hybrid interface of solid-state single-photon sources and atomic quantum memories is a long sought-after goal in photonic quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate deterministic storage and retrieval of light from a semiconductor quantum dot in an atomic ensemble quantum memory at telecommunications wavelengths. We store single photons from an indium arsenide quantum dot in a high-bandwidth rubidium vapor-based quantum memory, with a total internal memory efficiency of (12.9 ± 0.4)%. The signal-to-noise ratio of the retrieved light field is 18.2 ± 0.6, limited only by detector dark counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Thomas
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raphael Joos
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Sittig
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cornelius Nawrath
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Burdekin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
| | | | | | - Tobias Huber-Loyola
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Sven Höfling
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Jetter
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ian A. Walmsley
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
| | - Simone L. Portalupi
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQ) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick M. Ledingham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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5
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Stratton B, Hsieh CY, Skrzypczyk P. Dynamical Resource Theory of Informational Nonequilibrium Preservability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:110202. [PMID: 38563949 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Information is instrumental in our understanding of thermodynamics. Their interplay has been studied through completely degenerate Hamiltonians whereby the informational contributions to thermodynamic transformations can be isolated. In this setting, all states other than the maximally mixed state are considered to be in informational nonequilibrium. An important yet still open question is how to characterize the ability of quantum dynamics to preserve informational nonequilibrium. Here, the dynamical resource theory of informational nonequilibrium preservability is introduced to begin providing an answer to this question. A characterization of the allowed operations is given for qubit channels and the n-dimensional Weyl-covariant channels-a physically relevant subset of the general channels. An operational interpretation of a state discrimination game with Bell state measurements is given. Finally, an explicit link between a channel's classical capacity and its ability to preserve informational nonequilibrium is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stratton
- Quantum Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Yun Hsieh
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Skrzypczyk
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Murakami S, Fujimoto R, Kobayashi T, Ikuta R, Inoue A, Umeki T, Miki S, China F, Terai H, Kasahara R, Mukai T, Imoto N, Yamamoto T. Quantum frequency conversion using 4-port fiber-pigtailed PPLN module. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29271-29279. [PMID: 37710731 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum frequency conversion (QFC), which involves the exchange of frequency modes of photons, is a prerequisite for quantum interconnects among various quantum systems, primarily those based on telecom photonic network infrastructures. Compact and fiber-closed QFC modules are in high demand for such applications. In this paper, we report such a QFC module based on a fiber-coupled 4-port frequency converter with a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. The demonstrated QFC shifted the wavelength of a single photon from 780 to 1541 nm. The single photon was prepared via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) with heralding photon detection, for which the cross-correlation function was 40.45 ± 0.09. The observed cross-correlation function of the photon pairs had a nonclassical value of 13.7 ± 0.4 after QFC at the maximum device efficiency of 0.73, which preserved the quantum statistical property. Such an efficient QFC module is useful for interfacing atomic systems and fiber-optic communication.
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7
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Schiansky P, Kalb J, Sztatecsny E, Roehsner MC, Guggemos T, Trenti A, Bozzio M, Walther P. Demonstration of quantum-digital payments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3849. [PMID: 37386044 PMCID: PMC10310712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital payments have replaced physical banknotes in many aspects of our daily lives. Similarly to banknotes, they should be easy to use, unique, tamper-resistant and untraceable, but additionally withstand digital attackers and data breaches. Current technology substitutes customers' sensitive data by randomized tokens, and secures the payment's uniqueness with a cryptographic function, called a cryptogram. However, computationally powerful attacks violate the security of these functions. Quantum technology comes with the potential to protect even against infinite computational power. Here, we show how quantum light can secure daily digital payments by generating inherently unforgeable quantum cryptograms. We implement the scheme over an urban optical fiber link, and show its robustness to noise and loss-dependent attacks. Unlike previously proposed protocols, our solution does not depend on long-term quantum storage or trusted agents and authenticated channels. It is practical with near-term technology and may herald an era of quantum-enabled security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schiansky
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kalb
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Sztatecsny
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Christine Roehsner
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Security and Communication Technologies, Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Guggemos
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Trenti
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Security and Communication Technologies, Center for Digital Safety and Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathieu Bozzio
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philip Walther
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photonic Quantum Computer, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Millington-Hotze P, Manna S, Covre da Silva SF, Rastelli A, Chekhovich EA. Nuclear spin diffusion in the central spin system of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2677. [PMID: 37160864 PMCID: PMC10170165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The spin diffusion concept provides a classical description of a purely quantum-mechanical evolution in inhomogeneously polarized many-body systems such as nuclear spin lattices. The central spin of a localized electron alters nuclear spin diffusion in a way that is still poorly understood. Here, spin diffusion in a single GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot is witnessed in the most direct manner from oscillatory spin relaxation dynamics. Electron spin is found to accelerate nuclear spin relaxation, from which we conclude that the long-discussed concept of a Knight-field-gradient diffusion barrier does not apply to GaAs epitaxial quantum dots. Our experiments distinguish between non-diffusion relaxation and spin diffusion, allowing us to conclude that diffusion is accelerated by the central electron spin. Such acceleration is observed up to unexpectedly high magnetic fields - we propose electron spin-flip fluctuations as an explanation. Diffusion-limited nuclear spin lifetimes range between 1 and 10 s, which is sufficiently long for quantum information storage and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Millington-Hotze
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Santanu Manna
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Saimon F Covre da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Evgeny A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom.
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9
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Allende M, León DL, Cerón S, Pareja A, Pacheco E, Leal A, Da Silva M, Pardo A, Jones D, Worrall DJ, Merriman B, Gilmore J, Kitchener N, Venegas-Andraca SE. Quantum-resistance in blockchain networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5664. [PMID: 37024656 PMCID: PMC10079930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of quantum computing threatens blockchain protocols and networks because they utilize non-quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. When quantum computers become robust enough to run Shor's algorithm on a large scale, the most used asymmetric algorithms, utilized for digital signatures and message encryption, such as RSA, (EC)DSA, and (EC)DH, will be no longer secure. Quantum computers will be able to break them within a short period of time. Similarly, Grover's algorithm concedes a quadratic advantage for mining blocks in certain consensus protocols such as proof of work. Today, there are hundreds of billions of dollars denominated in cryptocurrencies and other digital assets that rely on blockchain ledgers as well as thousands of blockchain-based applications storing value in blockchain networks. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based applications require solutions that guarantee quantum resistance in order to preserve the integrity of data and assets in these public and immutable ledgers. The quantum threat and some potential solutions are well understood and presented in the literature. However, most proposals are theoretical, require large QKD networks, or propose new quantum-resistant blockchain networks to be built from scratch. Our work, which is presented in this paper, is pioneer in proposing an end-to-end framework for post-quantum blockchain networks that can be applied to existing blockchain to achieve quantum-resistance. We have developed an open-source implementation in an Ethereum-based (i.e., EVM compatible) network that can be extended to other existing blockchains. For the implementation we have (i) used quantum entropy to generate post-quantum key pairs, (ii) established post-quantum TLS connections and X.509 certificates to secure the exchange of information between blockchain nodes over the internet without needing a large QKD network, (iii) introduced a post-quantum second signature in transactions using Falcon-512 post-quantum keys, and (iv) developed the first on-chain verification of post-quantum signatures using three different mechanisms that are compared and analyzed: Solidity smart-contracts run by the validators for each transaction, modified EVM Opcode, and precompiled smart contracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Allende
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Diego López León
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sergio Cerón
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adrián Pareja
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erick Pacheco
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonio Leal
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marcelo Da Silva
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alejandro Pardo
- IDB-Inter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Ave, Washington, DC, USA
- LACChain-Global Alliance for the Development of the Blockchain Ecosystem in LAC, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Perminov NS, Moiseev SA. Integrated Multiresonator Quantum Memory. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:e25040623. [PMID: 37190411 PMCID: PMC10138295 DOI: 10.3390/e25040623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop an integrated efficient multiresonator quantum memory scheme based on a system of three interacting resonators coupled through a common resonator to an external waveguide via switchable coupler. It is shown that high-precision parameter matching based on step-by-step optimization makes it possible to efficiently store the signal field and enables on-demand retrieval of the signal at specified time moments. Possible experimental implementations and practical applications of the proposed quantum memory scheme are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Sergeevich Perminov
- Kazan Quantum Center, Kazan National Research Technical University, n.a. A.N.Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10/7 Sibirsky Tract, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey Andreevich Moiseev
- Kazan Quantum Center, Kazan National Research Technical University, n.a. A.N.Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10/7 Sibirsky Tract, 420029 Kazan, Russia
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11
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Lim J, Kumar S, Ang YS, Ang LK, Wong LJ. Quantum Interference between Fundamentally Different Processes Is Enabled by Shaped Input Wavefunctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205750. [PMID: 36737853 PMCID: PMC10074114 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a general framework for quantum interference between processes that can involve different fundamental particles or quasi-particles. This framework shows that shaping input wavefunctions is a versatile and powerful tool for producing and controlling quantum interference between distinguishable pathways, beyond previously explored quantum interference between indistinguishable pathways. Two examples of quantum interference enabled by shaping in interactions between free electrons, bound electrons, and photons are presented: i) the vanishing of the zero-loss peak by destructive quantum interference when a shaped electron wavepacket couples to light, under conditions where the electron's zero-loss peak otherwise dominates; ii) quantum interference between free electron and atomic (bound electron) spontaneous emission processes, which can be significant even when the free electron and atom are far apart, breaking the common notion that a free electron and an atom must be close by to significantly affect each other's processes. Conclusions show that emerging quantum wave-shaping techniques unlock the door to greater versatility in light-matter interactions and other quantum processes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lim
- Science, Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Suraj Kumar
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- Science, Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
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12
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Meßner L, Robertson E, Esguerra L, Lüdge K, Wolters J. Multiplexed random-access optical memory in warm cesium vapor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:10150-10158. [PMID: 37157569 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to store large amounts of photonic quantum states is regarded as substantial for future optical quantum computation and communication technologies. However, research for multiplexed quantum memories has been focused on systems that show good performance only after an elaborate preparation of the storage media. This makes it generally more difficult to apply outside a laboratory environment. In this work, we demonstrate a multiplexed random-access memory to store up to four optical pulses using electromagnetically induced transparency in warm cesium vapor. Using a Λ-System on the hyperfine transitions of the Cs D1 line, we achieve a mean internal storage efficiency of 36% and a 1/e lifetime of 3.2 µs. In combination with future improvements, this work facilitates the implementation of multiplexed memories in future quantum communication and computation infrastructures.
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13
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Liu H, Wang M, Jiao H, Lu J, Fan W, Li S, Wang H. Cavity-enhanced and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement interface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7200-7211. [PMID: 36859856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Practical realization of quantum repeaters requires quantum memories with high retrieval efficiency, multi-mode storage capacities, and long lifetimes. Here, we report a high-retrieval-efficiency and temporally multiplexed atom-photon entanglement source. A train of 12 write pulses in time is applied to a cold atomic ensemble along different directions, which generates temporally multiplexed pairs of Stokes photons and spin waves via Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller processes. The two arms of a polarization interferometer are used to encode photonic qubits of 12 Stokes temporal modes. The multiplexed spin-wave qubits, each of which is entangled with one Stokes qubit, are stored in a "clock" coherence. A ring cavity that resonates simultaneously with the two arms of the interferometer is used to enhance retrieval from the spin-wave qubits, with the intrinsic retrieval efficiency reaching 70.4%. The multiplexed source gives rise to a ∼12.1-fold increase in atom-photon entanglement-generation probability compared to the single-mode source. The measured Bell parameter for the multiplexed atom-photon entanglement is 2.21(2), along with a memory lifetime of up to ∼125 µs.
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14
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Non-classical correlations over 1250 modes between telecom photons and 979-nm photons stored in 171Yb 3+:Y 2SiO 5. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6438. [PMID: 36307421 PMCID: PMC9616888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement require quantum nodes that are able to generate multimode quantum correlations between memories and telecommunication photons. The communication rate scales linearly with the number of modes, yet highly multimode quantum storage remains challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb quantum memory with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz. The memory is based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with 171Yb3+ ions, with a memory wavelength of 979 nm. The memory is interfaced with a source of non-degenerate photon pairs at 979 and 1550 nm, bandwidth-matched to the quantum memory. We obtain strong non-classical second-order cross correlations over all modes, for storage times of up to 25 μs. The telecommunication photons propagated through 5 km of fiber before the release of the memory photons, a key capability for quantum repeaters based on heralded entanglement and feed-forward operations. Building on this experiment should allow distribution of entanglement between remote quantum nodes, with enhanced rates owing to the high multimode capacity. Multimode operation would greatly improve the performances of quantum repeaters. Here, the authors demonstrate a fixed-delay atomic frequency comb quantum memory, based on a Y2SiO5 crystal doped with Ytterbium ions, with a time-domain mode capacity of 1250 modes and a bandwidth of 100 MHz.
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15
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Mohageg M, Mazzarella L, Anastopoulos C, Gallicchio J, Hu BL, Jennewein T, Johnson S, Lin SY, Ling A, Marquardt C, Meister M, Newell R, Roura A, Schleich WP, Schubert C, Strekalov DV, Vallone G, Villoresi P, Wörner L, Yu N, Zhai A, Kwiat P. The deep space quantum link: prospective fundamental physics experiments using long-baseline quantum optics. EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY 2022; 9:25. [PMID: 36227029 PMCID: PMC9547810 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Deep Space Quantum Link mission concept enables a unique set of science experiments by establishing robust quantum optical links across extremely long baselines. Potential mission configurations include establishing a quantum link between the Lunar Gateway moon-orbiting space station and nodes on or near the Earth. This publication summarizes the principal experimental goals of the Deep Space Quantum Link. These goals, identified through a multi-year design study conducted by the authors, include long-range teleportation, tests of gravitational coupling to quantum states, and advanced tests of quantum nonlocality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Mohageg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
| | | | - Jason Gallicchio
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California USA
| | - Bei-Lok Hu
- Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland USA
| | - Thomas Jennewein
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Spencer Johnson
- Department of Physics, Illinois Quantum Information Science & Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois USA
| | - Shih-Yuin Lin
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Ling
- Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Matthias Meister
- Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ulm, Germany
| | - Raymond Newell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico USA
| | - Albert Roura
- Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P. Schleich
- Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ulm, Germany
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, AgriLife Research, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A& M University, College Station, Texas USA
| | - Christian Schubert
- Institute for Satellite Geodesy and Inertial Sensing, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Germany Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Strekalov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
| | - Giuseppe Vallone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Villoresi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Wörner
- Institute of Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ulm, Germany
| | - Nan Yu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
| | - Aileen Zhai
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California USA
| | - Paul Kwiat
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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16
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Rastogi A, Saglamyurek E, Hrushevskyi T, LeBlanc LJ. Superradiance-Mediated Photon Storage for Broadband Quantum Memory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:120502. [PMID: 36179159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Superradiance, characterized by the collective, coherent emission of light from an excited ensemble of emitters, generates photonic signals on timescales faster than the natural lifetime of an individual atom. The rapid exchange of coherence between atomic emitters and photonic fields in the superradiant regime enables a fast, broadband quantum memory. We demonstrate this superradiance memory mechanism in an ensemble of cold rubidium atoms and verify that this protocol is suitable for pulses on timescales shorter than the atoms' natural lifetime. Our simulations show that the superradiance memory protocol yields the highest bandwidth storage among protocols in the same system. These high-bandwidth quantum memories provide unique opportunities for fast processing of optical and microwave photonic signals, with applications in large-scale quantum communication and quantum computing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Rastogi
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Erhan Saglamyurek
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Taras Hrushevskyi
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lindsay J LeBlanc
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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17
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Ramakrishnan RK, Ravichandran AB, Kaushik I, Hegde G, Talabattula S, Rohde PP. The Quantum Internet: A Hardware Review. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Boldyrev KN, Malkin BZ, Popova MN. Observation of the hyperfine structure and anticrossings of hyperfine levels in the luminescence spectra of LiYF 4:Ho 3. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:245. [PMID: 35918312 PMCID: PMC9345886 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Resolved hyperfine structure and narrow inhomogeneously broadened lines in the optical spectra of a rare-earth-doped crystal are favorable for the implementation of various sensors. Here, a well-resolved hyperfine structure in the photoluminescence spectra of LiYF4:Ho single crystals and the anticrossings of hyperfine levels in a magnetic field are demonstrated using a self-made setup based on a Bruker 125HR high-resolution Fourier spectrometer. This is the first observation of the resolved hyperfine structure and anticrossing hyperfine levels in the luminescence spectra of a crystal. The narrowest spectral linewidth is only 0.0022 cm-1. This fact together with a large value of the magnetic g factor of several crystal-field states creates prerequisites for developing magnetic field sensors, which can be in demand in modern quantum information technology devices operating at low temperatures. Very small random lattice strains characterizing the quality of a crystal can be detected using anticrossing points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill N Boldyrev
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | | | - Marina N Popova
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia.
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19
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Gillard G, Clarke E, Chekhovich EA. Harnessing many-body spin environment for long coherence storage and high-fidelity single-shot qubit readout. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4048. [PMID: 35831368 PMCID: PMC9279416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in hybrid solid-state quantum systems where nuclear spins, interfaced to the electron spin qubit, are used as quantum memory or qubit register. These approaches require long nuclear spin coherence, which until now seemed impossible owing to the disruptive effect of the electron spin. Here we study InGaAs semiconductor quantum dots, demonstrating millisecond-long collective nuclear spin coherence even under inhomogeneous coupling to the electron central spin. We show that the underlying decoherence mechanism is spectral diffusion induced by a fluctuating electron spin. These results provide new understanding of the many-body coherence in central spin systems, required for development of electron-nuclear spin qubits. As a demonstration, we implement a conditional gate that encodes electron spin state onto collective nuclear spin coherence, and use it for a single-shot readout of the electron spin qubit with >99% fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gillard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Edmund Clarke
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Evgeny A Chekhovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
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20
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Atwi H, Nicolas R, Herro Z, Vincent R. Fluorescence inhibition near spherical ENZ nanoparticles: competition between radiative and non-radiative processes. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3183-3186. [PMID: 35776580 DOI: 10.1364/ol.454871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aim to study numerically the emission decay rate of a hybrid system combining a quantum emitter (QE) and an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) spherical nanoparticle (SNP). Inspired by the peculiar behavior of ENZ materials and their high potential in developing unusual abilities in controlling the emission properties of QE. More specifically the control of fluorescence inhibition, or the amplification of the lifetime of the excited state. This can naturally find applications in quantum information storage for optical quantum memories based on light-atom interaction which naturally benefit from storage time control. We demonstrate that the key process in limiting fluorescence inhibition is the competition between inhibition of fluorescence from the radiative processes and energy dissipation due to the non-radiative channels. Furthermore, we illustrate that this balance can be shifted to optimize inhibition as function of the QE position. The optimization happens via SNP size control, material composition, and λENZ of the SNP. This detailed study introduces and paves the way for new research directions on the manipulation and optimization of QE properties in the vicinity of ENZ materials.
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21
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Nadlinger DP, Drmota P, Nichol BC, Araneda G, Main D, Srinivas R, Lucas DM, Ballance CJ, Ivanov K, Tan EYZ, Sekatski P, Urbanke RL, Renner R, Sangouard N, Bancal JD. Experimental quantum key distribution certified by Bell's theorem. Nature 2022; 607:682-686. [PMID: 35896644 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cryptographic key exchange protocols traditionally rely on computational conjectures such as the hardness of prime factorization1 to provide security against eavesdropping attacks. Remarkably, quantum key distribution protocols such as the Bennett-Brassard scheme2 provide information-theoretic security against such attacks, a much stronger form of security unreachable by classical means. However, quantum protocols realized so far are subject to a new class of attacks exploiting a mismatch between the quantum states or measurements implemented and their theoretical modelling, as demonstrated in numerous experiments3-6. Here we present the experimental realization of a complete quantum key distribution protocol immune to these vulnerabilities, following Ekert's pioneering proposal7 to use entanglement to bound an adversary's information from Bell's theorem8. By combining theoretical developments with an improved optical fibre link generating entanglement between two trapped-ion qubits, we obtain 95,628 key bits with device-independent security9-12 from 1.5 million Bell pairs created during eight hours of run time. We take steps to ensure that information on the measurement results is inaccessible to an eavesdropper. These measurements are performed without space-like separation. Our result shows that provably secure cryptography under general assumptions is possible with real-world devices, and paves the way for further quantum information applications based on the device-independence principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Nadlinger
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - P Drmota
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B C Nichol
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - G Araneda
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Main
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Srinivas
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D M Lucas
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C J Ballance
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - K Ivanov
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Y-Z Tan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Sekatski
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R L Urbanke
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Renner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Sangouard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Physique Théorique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - J-D Bancal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Physique Théorique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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22
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Kim H, Park J, Hong HG, Kwon TY, Park J, Moon HS. Photon-pair generation from a chip-scale Cs atomic vapor cell. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23868-23877. [PMID: 36225059 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a narrowband photonic quantum source based on an atomic device is considered essential in the practical development of photonic quantum information science and technology. In this study, we present the first step toward the development of a photon-pair source based on a microfabricated Cs atomic vapor cell. Time-correlated photon pairs from the millimeter-scale Cs vapor cell are emitted via the spontaneous four-wave mixing process of the cascade-type 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 transition of 133Cs. The maximum normalized cross-correlation value between the signal and idler photons is measured as 622(8) under a weak pump power of 10 µ;W. Our photon source violates the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality by a factor of >105. We believe that our approach has very important applications in the context of realizing practical scalable quantum networks based on atom-photon interactions.
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23
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Bustard PJ, Bonsma-Fisher K, Hnatovsky C, Grobnic D, Mihailov SJ, England D, Sussman BJ. Toward a Quantum Memory in a Fiber Cavity Controlled by Intracavity Frequency Translation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:120501. [PMID: 35394321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantum memory protocol based on trapping photons in a fiber-integrated cavity, comprised of a birefringent fiber with dichroic reflective end facets. Photons are switched into resonance with the fiber cavity by intracavity Bragg-scattering frequency translation, driven by ancillary control pulses. After the storage delay, photons are switched out of resonance with the cavity, again by intracavity frequency translation. We demonstrate storage of quantum-level THz-bandwidth coherent states for a lifetime up to 16 cavity round trips, or 200 ns, and a maximum overall efficiency of 73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Bustard
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kent Bonsma-Fisher
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Cyril Hnatovsky
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Dan Grobnic
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Stephen J Mihailov
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Duncan England
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Sussman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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24
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Uppu R, Midolo L, Zhou X, Carolan J, Lodahl P. Quantum-dot-based deterministic photon-emitter interfaces for scalable photonic quantum technology. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1308-1317. [PMID: 34663948 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The scale-up of quantum hardware is fundamental to realize the full potential of quantum technology. Among a plethora of hardware platforms, photonics stands out: it provides a modular approach where the main challenges lie in the construction of high-quality building blocks and in the development of methods to interface the modules. The subsequent scale-up could exploit mature integrated photonics foundry technology to produce small-footprint quantum processors of immense complexity. Solid-state quantum emitters can realize a deterministic photon-emitter interface and enable key quantum photonic resources and functionalities, including on-demand single- and multi-photon-entanglement sources, as well as photon-photon nonlinear quantum gates. In this Review, we use the example of quantum dot devices to present the physics of deterministic photon-emitter interfaces, including the main photonic building blocks required to scale up, and discuss quantitative performance benchmarks. While our focus is on quantum dot devices, the presented methods also apply to other quantum-emitter platforms such as atoms, vacancy centres, molecules and superconducting qubits. We also identify applications within quantum communication and computing, presenting a route towards photonics with a genuine quantum advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravitej Uppu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacques Carolan
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Askarani MF, Das A, Davidson JH, Amaral GC, Sinclair N, Slater JA, Marzban S, Thiel CW, Cone RL, Oblak D, Tittel W. Long-Lived Solid-State Optical Memory for High-Rate Quantum Repeaters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:220502. [PMID: 34889639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We argue that long optical storage times are required to establish entanglement at high rates over large distances using memory-based quantum repeaters. Triggered by this conclusion, we investigate the 795.325 nm^{3} H_{6}↔^{3}H_{4} transition of Tm:Y_{3}Ga_{5}O_{12} (Tm:YGG). Most importantly, we find that the optical coherence time can reach 1.1 ms, and, using laser pulses, we demonstrate optical storage based on the atomic frequency comb protocol during up to 100 μs as well as a memory decay time T_{m} of 13.1 μs. Possibilities of how to narrow the gap between the measured value of T_{m} and its maximum of 275 μs are discussed. In addition, we demonstrate multiplexed storage, including with feed-forward selection, shifting and filtering of spectral modes, as well as quantum state storage using members of nonclassical photon pairs. Our results show the potential of Tm:YGG for creating multiplexed quantum memories with long optical storage times, and open the path to repeater-based quantum networks with high entanglement distribution rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Falamarzi Askarani
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Antariksha Das
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jacob H Davidson
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gustavo C Amaral
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Neil Sinclair
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Joshua A Slater
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sara Marzban
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Charles W Thiel
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Rufus L Cone
- Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Daniel Oblak
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Tittel
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Schaffhausen Institute of Technology - SIT, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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26
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Raymer MG, Landes T, Marcus AH. Entangled two-photon absorption by atoms and molecules: A quantum optics tutorial. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:081501. [PMID: 34470351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon absorption (TPA) and other nonlinear interactions of molecules with time-frequency-entangled photon pairs have been predicted to display a variety of fascinating effects. Therefore, their potential use in practical quantum-enhanced molecular spectroscopy requires close examination. This Tutorial presents a detailed theoretical study of one- and two-photon absorption by molecules, focusing on how to treat the quantum nature of light. We review some basic quantum optics theory and then we review the density-matrix (Liouville) derivation of molecular optical response, emphasizing how to incorporate quantum states of light into the treatment. For illustration, we treat in detail the TPA of photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down conversion, with an emphasis on how quantum light TPA differs from that with classical light. In particular, we treat the question of how much enhancement of the TPA rate can be achieved using entangled states. This Tutorial includes a review of known theoretical methods and results as well as some extensions, especially the comparison of TPA processes that occur via far-off-resonant intermediate states only and those that involve off-resonant intermediate states by virtue of dephasing processes. A brief discussion of the main challenges facing experimental studies of entangled two-photon absorption is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Raymer
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Tiemo Landes
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Andrew H Marcus
- Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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27
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Main D, Hird TM, Gao S, Walmsley IA, Ledingham PM. Room temperature atomic frequency comb storage for light. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2960-2963. [PMID: 34129584 DOI: 10.1364/ol.426753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent storage and retrieval of pulsed light using the atomic frequency comb protocol in a room temperature alkali vapor. We utilize velocity-selective optical pumping to prepare multiple velocity classes in the F=4 hyperfine ground state of cesium. The frequency spacing of the classes is chosen to coincide with the F'=4-F'=5 hyperfine splitting of the 62P3/2 excited state, resulting in a broadband periodic absorbing structure consisting of two usually Doppler-broadened optical transitions. Weak coherent states of duration 2ns are mapped into this atomic frequency comb with pre-programmed recall times of 8ns and 12ns, with multi-temporal mode storage and recall demonstrated. Utilizing two transitions in the comb leads to an additional interference effect upon rephasing that enhances the recall efficiency.
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Nicolle M, Becker JN, Weinzetl C, Walmsley IA, Ledingham PM. Gigahertz-bandwidth optical memory in Pr 3+:Y 2SiO 5. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2948-2951. [PMID: 34129581 DOI: 10.1364/ol.423642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study a broadband implementation of the atomic frequency comb (AFC) rephasing protocol with a cryogenically cooled Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. To allow for storage of broadband pulses, we explore a novel, to the best of our knowledge, regime where the input photonic bandwidth closely matches the inhomogeneous broadening of the material (∼5GHz), thereby significantly exceeding the hyperfine ground and excited state splitting (∼10MHz). Through an investigation of different AFC preparation parameters, we measure a maximum efficiency of 10% after a rephasing time of 12.5 ns. With a suboptimal AFC, we witness up to 12 rephased temporal modes.
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29
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Langenfeld S, Thomas P, Morin O, Rempe G. Quantum Repeater Node Demonstrating Unconditionally Secure Key Distribution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:230506. [PMID: 34170169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.230506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance quantum communication requires quantum repeaters to overcome photon loss in optical fibers. Here we demonstrate a repeater node with two memory atoms in an optical cavity. Both atoms are individually and repeatedly entangled with photons that are distributed until each communication partner has independently received one of them. An atomic Bell-state measurement followed by classical communication serves to establish a key. We demonstrate scaling advantage of the key rate, increase the effective attenuation length by a factor of 2, and beat the error-rate threshold of 11% for unconditionally secure communication, the corner stones for repeater-based quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Langenfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Thomas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O Morin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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30
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Shou C, Zhang Q, Luo W, Huang G. Photon storage and routing in quantum dots with spin-orbit coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9772-9785. [PMID: 33820130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an essential element for quantum information processing and quantum communication, efficient quantum memory based on solid-state platforms is imperative for practical applications but remains a challenge. Here we propose a scheme to realize a highly efficient and controllable storage and routing of single photons based on quantum dots (QDs) with a Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We show that the SOC in the QDs can provide a flexible built-up of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for single-photon propagation, and storage, retrieval, as well as routing of single-photon wavepackets can also be implemented through the EIT. Moreover, we demonstrate that the propagation loss of the single-photon wavepackets in the QDs may be largely suppressed by means of a weak microwave field, by which the storage and routing of the single photons can be made to have high efficiency and fidelity. Our research opens a route for designs of advanced solid-state devices promising for applications in photonic quantum-information processing and transmission based on the QDs with SOC.
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Mohamed ABA, Khalil EM, Yassen MF, Eleuch H. Two-Qubit Local Fisher Information Correlation beyond Entanglement in a Nonlinear Generalized Cavity with an Intrinsic Decoherence. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23030311. [PMID: 33800739 PMCID: PMC7999430 DOI: 10.3390/e23030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study a Hamiltonian system constituted by two coupled two-level atoms (qubits) interacting with a nonlinear generalized cavity field. The nonclassical two-qubit correlation dynamics are investigated using Bures distance entanglement and local quantum Fisher information under the influences of intrinsic decoherence and qubit–qubit interaction. The effects of the superposition of two identical generalized coherent states and the initial coherent field intensity on the generated two-qubit correlations are investigated. Entanglement of sudden death and sudden birth of the Bures distance entanglement as well as the sudden changes in local Fisher information are observed. We show that the robustness, against decoherence, of the generated two-qubit correlations can be controlled by qubit–qubit coupling and the initial coherent cavity states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.-B. A. Mohamed
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - E. M. Khalil
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - M. F. Yassen
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - H. Eleuch
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Wang XJ, Yang SJ, Sun PF, Jing B, Li J, Zhou MT, Bao XH, Pan JW. Cavity-Enhanced Atom-Photon Entanglement with Subsecond Lifetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:090501. [PMID: 33750156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A cold atomic ensemble suits well for optical quantum memories, and its entanglement with a single photon forms the building block for quantum networks that give promise for many revolutionary applications. Efficiency and lifetime are among the most important figures of merit for a memory. In this Letter, we report the realization of entanglement between an atomic ensemble and a single photon with subsecond lifetime and high efficiency. We engineer dual control modes in a ring cavity to create entanglement and make use of three-dimensional optical lattice to prolong memory lifetime. The memory efficiency is 38% for 0.1 s storage. We verify the atom-photon entanglement after 1 s storage by testing the Bell inequality with a result of S=2.36±0.14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Ti Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Bao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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A simple low-latency real-time certifiable quantum random number generator. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1056. [PMID: 33627660 PMCID: PMC7904850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum random numbers distinguish themselves from others by their intrinsic unpredictability arising from the principles of quantum mechanics. As such they are extremely useful in many scientific and real-world applications with considerable efforts going into their realizations. Most demonstrations focus on high asymptotic generation rates. For this goal, a large number of repeated trials are required to accumulate a significant store of certifiable randomness, resulting in a high latency between the initial request and the delivery of the requested random bits. Here we demonstrate low-latency real-time certifiable randomness generation from measurements on photonic time-bin states. For this, we develop methods to certify randomness taking into account adversarial imperfections in both the state preparation and the measurement apparatus. Every 0.12 s we generate a block of 8192 random bits which are certifiable against all quantum adversaries with an error bounded by 2−64. Our quantum random number generator is thus well suited for realizing a continuously-operating, high-security and high-speed quantum randomness beacon. In quantum random number generation, one has generally to choose between high speed and strong security. Here, the authors show how to bound several adversarial imperfections on state preparation and measurement, generating 8192 secure random bits every 0.12 s in real time using a simple apparatus.
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Shou C, Huang G. Storage and retrieval of slow-light dark solitons. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6787-6790. [PMID: 33325897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.412247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that stable slow-light dark solitons with finite continuous-wave background can be generated in a Λ-type atomic system via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also show that such dark solitons can be stored and retrieved with high efficiency and fidelity. Moreover, an optical routing of them can be realized via EIT in the system with a double-Λ-type level configuration.
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Zhou Y, Yi C, Liu Q, Wang CK, Tan C. Storage and retrieval of ultraslow soliton at optical nanofiber interface via electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34730-34743. [PMID: 33182934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optical memory in a nanofiber system via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a nonlinear region. Because of the tight transverse confinement, the light-atom interaction is significantly enhanced and thus, the EIT effect is enhanced. The inhomogeneous mode field distribution contributes spatially to the EIT dispersion. We develop a systematic analysis method to study the nonlinearity of the system and prove that the optical soliton is available in the system and can be stored and retrieved with high efficiency and stability. We also study a strategy to optimize the soliton optical memory. The results obtained in this study are promising for practical applications of all-optical information processing.
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36
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Kukharchyk N, Sholokhov D, Morozov O, Korableva SL, Kalachev AA, Bushev PA. Electromagnetically induced transparency in a mono-isotopic 167Er: 7LiYF 4 crystal below 1 Kelvin: microwave photonics approach. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29166-29177. [PMID: 33114821 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency allows for the controllable change of absorption properties, which can be exploited in a number of applications including optical quantum memory. In this paper, we present a study of the electromagnetically induced transparency in a 167Er:7LiYF4 crystal at low magnetic fields and ultra-low temperatures. The experimental measurement scheme employs an optical vector network analysis that provides high precision measurement of amplitude, phase and group delay and paves the way towards full on-chip integration of optical quantum memory setups. We found that sub-Kelvin temperatures are the necessary requirement for observing electromagnetically induced transparency in this crystal at low fields. A good agreement between theory and experiment is achieved by taking into account the phonon bottleneck effect.
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Gong B, Tu T, Zhu XY, Guo AL, Zhou ZQ, Guo GC, Li CF. A noise-resisted scheme of dynamical decoupling pulses for quantum memories. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15089. [PMID: 32934301 PMCID: PMC7494898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable quantum memories that capable of storing quantum information for long time scales are an essential building block for an array of potential applications. The long memory time are usually achieved via dynamical decoupling technique involving decoupling of the memory states from its local environment. However, because this process is strongly limited by the errors in the pulses, an noise-protected scheme remains challenging in the field of quantum memories. Here we propose a scheme to design a noise-resisted [Formula: see text] pulse, which features high fidelity exceeding [Formula: see text] under realistic situations. Using this [Formula: see text] pulse we can generate different dynamical decoupling sequences that preserve high fidelity for long time scales. The versatility, robustness, and potential scalability of this method may allow for various applications in quantum memories technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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38
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Ferri F, Garcia S, Baghdad M, Reichel J, Long R. Mapping optical standing-waves of an open-access Fabry-Perot cavity with a tapered fiber. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033104. [PMID: 32259942 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method to map the standing-wave pattern inside an open-access Fabry-Perot optical cavity with sub-wavelength resolution by perturbing it with a commercially available tapered fiber. The method is applied to a fiber Fabry-Perot microcavity. We demonstrate its use in determining the relative position of the antinodes at two different wavelengths. In addition, we use the tapered optical fiber as a point-like source, allowing precise positioning of a microscope objective with respect to the cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferri
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Garcia
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Baghdad
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jakob Reichel
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Long
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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39
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Optical Quantum Memory and its Applications in Quantum Communication Systems. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 125:125002. [PMID: 35646477 PMCID: PMC9119665 DOI: 10.6028/jres.125.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical quantum memory is a device that can store the quantum state of photons and retrieve it on demand and with high fidelity. It is emerging as an essential device to enhance security, speed, scalability, and performance of many quantum systems used in communications, computing, metrology, and more. In this paper, we will specifically consider the impact of optical quantum memory on quantum communications systems. Following a general overview of the theoretical and experimental research progress in optical quantum memory, we will outline its role in quantum communications, including as a photon source, photon interference, quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, quantum repeater, and quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA
| | - Oliver Slattery
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA
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40
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Urmancheev R, Gerasimov K, Minnegaliev M, Chanelière T, Louchet-Chauvet A, Moiseev S. Two-pulse photon echo area theorem in an optically dense medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:28983-28997. [PMID: 31684641 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.028983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform a theoretical and experimental study of the two-pulse photon echo area conservation law in an optically dense medium. The experimental properties of the echo signal are studied at 4K on the optical transition 3H 6(1)→3H 4(1) (793 nm) of Tm 3+ in a YAG crystal for a wide range of pulse areas of the two incoming light pulses, up to θ 1 r o x4π and θ 2≈7π respectively, with optical depth 1.5. We analyze the experimental data by using the analytic solution of the photon echo area theorem for plane waves. We find that the transverse Gaussian spatial profile of the beam leads to an attenuation of the echo area nutation as function of θ1 and θ2. Additional spatial filtering of the photon echo beam allows to recover this nutation. The experimental data are in good agreement with the solution of photon echo pulse area theorem for weak incoming pulse areas θ 1,2≲π. However at higher pulse areas, the observations diverge from the analytic solution requiring further theoretical and experimental studies.
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Kaiser F, Vergyris P, Martin A, Aktas D, De Micheli MP, Alibart O, Tanzilli S. Quantum optical frequency up-conversion for polarisation entangled qubits: towards interconnected quantum information devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25603-25610. [PMID: 31510430 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Realising a global quantum network requires combining individual strengths of different quantum systems to perform universal tasks, notably using flying and stationary qubits. However, transferring coherently quantum information between different systems is challenging as they usually feature different properties, notably in terms of operation wavelength and wavepacket. To circumvent this problem for quantum photonics systems, we demonstrate a polarisation-preserving quantum frequency conversion device in which telecom wavelength photons are converted to the near infrared, at which a variety of quantum memories operate. Our device is essentially free of noise, which we demonstrate through near perfect single photon state transfer tomography and observation of high-fidelity entanglement after conversion. In addition, our guided-wave setup is robust, compact, and easily adaptable to other wavelengths. This approach therefore represents a major building block towards advantageously connecting quantum information systems based on light and matter.
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Park J, Kim H, Moon HS. Polarization-Entangled Photons from a Warm Atomic Ensemble Using a Sagnac Interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:143601. [PMID: 31050487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a polarization-entangled photon-pair source obtained via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a Doppler-broadened atomic ensemble of ^{87}Rb atoms using a Sagnac interferometer. Collective two-photon coherence occurs in the Doppler-broadened ladder-type atomic system with bidirectional counterpropagating two-photon resonant pump and coupling fields; hence, polarization-entangled photon pairs are collectively radiated in the phase-matched direction. Without phase stabilization of the interferometry for polarization entanglement, we robustly produce all four Bell states via a polarization Sagnac configuration. The brightness, stability, and temporal purity advantages provided by our polarization-entangled SFWM photon-pair source have very important applications in the context of a practical scalable quantum network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Heonoh Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Han Seb Moon
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Louchet-Chauvet A, Ahlefeldt R, Chanelière T. Piezospectroscopic measurement of high-frequency vibrations in a pulse-tube cryostat. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:034901. [PMID: 30927786 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibrations in cryocoolers are a recurrent concern to the end user. They appear in different parts of the acoustic spectrum depending on the refrigerator type, Gifford McMahon or pulse-tube, and with a variable coupling strength to the physical system under interest. Here, we use the piezospectroscopic effect in rare-earth doped crystals at a low temperature as a high resolution, contact-less probe for the vibrations. With this optical spectroscopic technique, we obtain and analyze the vibration spectrum up to 700 kHz of a 2 kW pulse-tube cooler. We attempt an absolute calibration based on known experimental parameters to make our method partially quantitative and to provide a possible comparison with other well-established techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Louchet-Chauvet
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS-Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Rose Ahlefeldt
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia
| | - Thierry Chanelière
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, ENS-Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Photonic quantum information processing: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016001. [PMID: 30421725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Park J, Jeong T, Kim H, Moon HS. Time-Energy Entangled Photon Pairs from Doppler-Broadened Atomic Ensemble via Collective Two-Photon Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:263601. [PMID: 30636130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate two-photon interference of a time-energy entangled photon pair generated via collective two-photon coherence in Doppler-broadened cascade-type ^{87}Rb atoms. The two photons originally proposed by J. D. Franson are realized as a photon pair due to collective effects, which are generated from the cascade atomic system with a relatively long lifetime of the initial state and a considerably shorter lifetime of the intermediate state. The achievement of two-photon interference with photon-pair sources generated from inhomogeneous atomic ensembles constitutes an important result for time-energy entanglement based on an atom-photon interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Taek Jeong
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Heonoh Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Han Seb Moon
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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46
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Zheltikov AM. Enhanced-contrast optical readout in ultrafast broadband Raman quantum memories. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13774. [PMID: 30213955 PMCID: PMC6137051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal-to-noise contrast of the optical readout in broadband Raman quantum memories is analyzed as a function of the pulse widths and phase properties of tailored optical field waveforms used to write in and read out broadband photon wave packets. Based on this analysis, we quantify the tradeoff between the readout contrast and the speed of such memories. Off-resonance coherent four-wave mixing is shown to provide a source of noise photons, lowering the readout contrast in broadband Raman quantum memories. This noise cannot be suppressed by phase matching, but can be radically reduced with a suitable polarization arrangement and proper field-waveform tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zheltikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, Texas, USA.
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia.
- Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia.
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Yang TS, Zhou ZQ, Hua YL, Liu X, Li ZF, Li PY, Ma Y, Liu C, Liang PJ, Li X, Xiao YX, Hu J, Li CF, Guo GC. Multiplexed storage and real-time manipulation based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3407. [PMID: 30143602 PMCID: PMC6109076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The faithful storage and coherent manipulation of quantum states with matter-systems would enable the realization of large-scale quantum networks based on quantum repeaters. To achieve useful communication rates, highly multimode quantum memories are required to construct a multiplexed quantum repeater. Here, we present a demonstration of on-demand storage of orbital-angular-momentum states with weak coherent pulses at the single-photon-level in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. Through the combination of this spatial degree-of-freedom (DOF) with temporal and spectral degrees of freedom, we create a multiple-DOF memory with high multimode capacity. This device can serve as a quantum mode converter with high fidelity, which is a fundamental requirement for the construction of a multiplexed quantum repeater. This device further enables essentially arbitrary spectral and temporal manipulations of spatial-qutrit-encoded photonic pulses in real time. Therefore, the developed quantum memory can serve as a building block for scalable photonic quantum information processing architectures.
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Grants
- the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 002), Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies (No. AHY020100),Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (2017YFA0304100,2016YFA0302700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61327901,11774331,11774335,61490711,11504362,11654No. QYZDY-SSW-SLH003), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. WK2470000023, WK2470000026)
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Quan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China.
| | - Yi-Lin Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China.
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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48
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Katz O, Firstenberg O. Light storage for one second in room-temperature alkali vapor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2074. [PMID: 29849088 PMCID: PMC5976718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Light storage, the controlled and reversible mapping of photons onto long-lived states of matter, enables memory capability in optical quantum networks. Prominent storage media are warm alkali vapors due to their strong optical coupling and long-lived spin states. In a dense gas, the random atomic collisions dominate the lifetime of the spin coherence, limiting the storage time to a few milliseconds. Here we present and experimentally demonstrate a storage scheme that is insensitive to spin-exchange collisions, thus enabling long storage times at high atomic densities. This unique property is achieved by mapping the light field onto spin orientation within a decoherence-free subspace of spin states. We report on a record storage time of 1 s in room-temperature cesium vapor, a 100-fold improvement over existing storage schemes. Furthermore, our scheme lays the foundations for hour-long quantum memories using rare-gas nuclear spins. Storing quantum memories for a long time is important and challenging for quantum communication. Here the authors demonstrate a storage time of about 1 s using spin exchange relaxation free resonance in cesium vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Katz
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel. .,Rafael Ltd, IL-31021, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ofer Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Ma L, Slattery O, Tang X. Noise Reduction in Optically Controlled Quantum Memory. MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS. B, CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, APPLIED PHYSICS 2018; 32:1830001. [PMID: 38903851 PMCID: PMC11187979 DOI: 10.1142/s0217984918300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Quantum memory is an essential device for quantum communications systems and quantum computers. An important category of quantum memory, called Optically controlled quantum memory, uses a strong classical beam to control the storage and re-emission of a single photon signal through an atomic ensemble. The residual light from the strong classical control beam can cause severe noise and degrade the system performance significantly. Efficiently suppressing this noise is required for the successful implementation of optically controlled quantum memories. In this paper, we briefly review the latest and most common approaches to quantum memory and discuss the various noise reduction techniques used in implementing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ma
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Oliver Slattery
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Xiao Tang
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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50
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Continuous-variable protocol for oblivious transfer in the noisy-storage model. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1450. [PMID: 29654262 PMCID: PMC5899178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptographic protocols are the backbone of our information society. This includes two-party protocols which offer protection against distrustful players. Such protocols can be built from a basic primitive called oblivious transfer. We present and experimentally demonstrate here a quantum protocol for oblivious transfer for optical continuous-variable systems, and prove its security in the noisy-storage model. This model allows us to establish security by sending more quantum signals than an attacker can reliably store during the protocol. The security proof is based on uncertainty relations which we derive for continuous-variable systems, that differ from the ones used in quantum key distribution. We experimentally demonstrate in a proof-of-principle experiment the proposed oblivious transfer protocol for various channel losses by using entangled two-mode squeezed states measured with balanced homodyne detection. Our work enables the implementation of arbitrary two-party quantum cryptographic protocols with continuous-variable communication systems. Oblivious transfer is a standard primitive for cryptography between two parties which do not trust each other. Here, the authors propose a continuous-variable protocol which is secure against a dishonest party with bounded quantum storage capacity, and realize a proof-of-principle implementation.
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