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Demirhan Kayacik A, Hamlaci Başkaya Y, Ilçioğlu K. The effect of pomegranate supplementation on symptom severity and quality of life in women with premenstrual syndrome: A randomised controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:266-273. [PMID: 39284531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to find out how well pomegranate use affects quality of life and PMS symptoms. METHODS This randomised controlled trial (Clinical trial number: NCT06201702) was conducted in a city in the western region of Turkey, reaching women with PMS through social media announcements. Data were collected between 2 January 2024 and 15 May 2024. In the study of 60 participants (intervention group: 30, control group: 30), the intervention group was given pomegranate exrat supplementation for 2 cycles, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The research data were collected through a descriptive information, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and World Health Organisation Quality of Life Scale. IBM SPSS Version 23 software was used for data analysis. Chi-square test, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were used. P-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS When the intervention and control groups were compared in terms of premenstrual syndrome scores, a statistically significant difference was found and it was observed that symptoms decreased significantly in the intervention group after the intervention (p < .05). However, no statistically significant change was observed in the control group (p > .05). When the quality of life scores after the intervention were evaluated, it was seen that the social quality of life of the intervention group was higher than the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that pomegranate may be a potential natural solution, especially in reducing PMS symptoms, and may also be effective in improving social quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsen Demirhan Kayacik
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye; Sakarya University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Yasemin Hamlaci Başkaya
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Kevser Ilçioğlu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
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Kocabey HA, Oden Akman A, Kasim İ. The Impact of Menstrual Disorders on Sleep Quality in Adolescents: An Observational Study. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2024:S1083-3188(24)00268-7. [PMID: 39154955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), dysmenorrhea, and abnormal uterine bleeding are frequent gynecological problems in adolescent girls. Studies show that sleep disorders and menstrual cycle irregularities are common conditions and indicate that they may occur together. Studies on the relationship between sleep quality and menstruation are mostly available for late adolescents (17 years and older) and young adult age groups. Our study aims to evaluate this relationship in adolescents aged 12-18. METHODS A survey study was structured and consisted of 4 sections. The first section includes anthropometric measurements and medical history of the participants; the second section includes "menstruation and menstruation symptoms history"; the third section includes "The Sleep Quality Scale and Sleep Variable Questionnaire"; and the fourth section includes the "Premenstrual Syndrome Assessment Scale" (PMSAS). Our survey was applied to those who visited the adolescent medicine outpatient clinic. RESULTS The Sleep Quality Scale score was significantly lower in those with high PMSAS scores (P < .001). The participants who had dysmenorrhea and experienced other symptoms during menstruation had significantly lower SQS scores and sleep efficiency (SE) (P < .001). There was no significant difference between heavy menstrual bleeding, defined as lasting more than 7 days, requiring more than 5-6 pads/tampons per day, and SE/quality (P > .05). CONCLUSION According to our study, dysmenorrhea and the presence of PMS may negatively affect the sleep quality of adolescents. Health professionals dealing with young people should take into account the effects of menstrual problems on sleep quality and offer appropriate support/treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin A Kocabey
- Depatment of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alkim Oden Akman
- Depatment of General Pediatrics and Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Kasim
- Depatment of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Al-Hmaid Y, Beni Yonis O, Alkhalili M, Kheirallah K. Premenstrual Syndrome's Impact on Work-Related Quality of Life Among Jordanian Nurses. Cureus 2024; 16:e53427. [PMID: 38435204 PMCID: PMC10909070 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a regular clinical condition that affects most women during their reproductive years. Its related symptoms may be linked to a decrease in women's quality of life. Female nurses may be more susceptible to PMS due to the demanding nature of their job. The importance of nurses' jobs and how their quality of life will affect patients and themselves in parallel make female nurses a population that is worth investigating. Our objective is to estimate the level of PMS among Jordanian nurses and assess the potential impact of PMS on work-related quality of life among them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 nurses who completed a questionnaire regarding demographic data, menstrual characteristics, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), and the Work-Related Quality-of-Life Scale (WRQoL). The nurses were classified as having or not having PMS according to the PSST. Results The prevalence of PMS was 60.5%, the results showed a significantly lower mean WRQoL score for nurses with PMS (mean = 65.47, SD = 15.38) compared to nurses without PMS (mean = 70.54, SD = 14.47). The multivariable regression model revealed that the adjusted odds ratios for age, combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) use, family history, severe dysmenorrhea, job and career satisfaction, and stress at work were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.84, 0.96), 5.18 (95% CI = 1.33, 20.17), 2.52 (95% CI = 1.23, 5.18), 11.78 (95% CI = 2.48, 56.02), 0.92 (95% CI = 0.85, 0.99), and 1.20 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.42), respectively. Conclusion PMS is quite prevalent among Jordanian nurses, with a negative impact on their work-related quality of life. Healthcare managers might implement special regulations for female nurses with PMS to improve their work-related quality of life. This research suggests that PMS is a substantial factor in the low work-related quality of life among Jordanian nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamamah Al-Hmaid
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, JOR
| | - Othman Beni Yonis
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
| | - Mais Alkhalili
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, JOR
| | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
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Dong P, Dai W, Su M, Wang S, Ma Y, Zhao T, Zheng F, Sun P. The potential role of the orexin system in premenstrual syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1266806. [PMID: 38292774 PMCID: PMC10824941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs recurrently during the luteal phase of a woman's menstrual cycle and disappears after menstruation ends. It is characterized by abnormal changes in both the body and mood, and in certain cases, severe disruptions in daily life and even suicidal tendencies. Current drugs for treating PMS, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, do not yield satisfactory results. Orexin, a neuropeptide produced in the lateral hypothalamus, is garnering attention in the treatment of neurological disorders and is believed to modulate the symptoms of PMS. This paper reviews the advancements in research on sleep disturbances, mood changes, and cognitive impairment caused by PMS, and suggests potential pathways for orexin to address these symptoms. Furthermore, it delves into the role of orexin in the molecular mechanisms underlying PMS. Orexin regulates steroid hormones, and the cyclic fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PMS. Additionally, orexin also modulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system and the inflammatory response involved in coordinating the mechanism of PMS. Unraveling the role of orexin in the pathogenesis of PMS will not only aid in understanding the etiology of PMS but also hold implications for orexin as a novel target for treating PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weibo Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhong Shan, China
| | - Mengyue Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Innovation Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Alzueta E, Baker FC. The Menstrual Cycle and Sleep. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:399-413. [PMID: 38501513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Aspects of sleep change across the menstrual cycle in some women. Poorer sleep quality in the premenstrual phase and menstruation is common in women with premenstrual symptoms or painful menstrual cramps. Although objective sleep continuity remains unchanged across the regular, asymptomatic menstrual cycle, activity in the sleep electroencephalogram varies, with a prominent increase in sleep spindle activity in the postovulatory luteal phase, when progesterone is present, relative to the follicular phase. Menstrual cycle phase, reproductive stage, and menstrual-related disorders should be considered when assessing women's sleep complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Alzueta
- Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Jeon B, Baek J. Menstrual disturbances and its association with sleep disturbances: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:470. [PMID: 37658359 PMCID: PMC10474748 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual disturbances harm women's health, and general well-being. As growing evidence highlights the relationship between sleep and menstrual disturbances, it is imperative to comprehensively examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbance considering the multiple dimensions of sleep. This systematic review aims to identify the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances by evaluating using Buysse's sleep health framework. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, psychINFO, and CINAHL to identify publications describing any types of menstrual disturbances, and their associations with sleep published between January 1, 1988 to June 2, 2022. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. The findings were iteratively evaluated menstrual disturbances and their association with sleep using Buysse's sleep health framework. This framework understands sleep as multidimensional concept and provides a holistic framing of sleep including Satisfaction, Alertness during waking hours, Timing of sleep, Efficiency, and Sleep duration. Menstrual disturbances were grouped into three categories: premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal menstrual cycle/heavy bleeding during periods. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were reviewed to examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were associated with sleep disturbances in sleep health domains of Satisfaction (e.g., poor sleep quality), Alertness during waking hours (e.g., daytime sleepiness), Efficiency (e.g., difficulty initiating/maintaining sleep), and Duration (e.g., short sleep duration). Abnormal menstrual cycle and heavy bleeding during the period were related to Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Duration. There were no studies which investigated the timing of sleep. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Sleep disturbances within most dimensions of the sleep health framework negatively impact on menstrual disturbances. Future research should longitudinally examine the effects of sleep disturbances in all dimensions of sleep health with the additional objective sleep measure on menstrual disturbances. This review gives insight in that it can be recommended to provide interventions for improving sleep disturbances in women with menstrual disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomin Jeon
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa city, USA
| | - Jihyun Baek
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Niu S, Wu Q, Ding S, Wu L, Wang L, Shi Y. Comparison of three measures for insomnia in ischemic stroke patients: Pittsburgh sleep quality index, insomnia severity index, and Athens insomnia scale. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1118322. [PMID: 37712082 PMCID: PMC10498538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1118322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the consistency and determined the optimal threshold values of three scales in the diagnosis of insomnia of ischemic stroke (IS) patients. Methods Participants in this study consisted of 569 acute IS patients. All 569 patients completed the assessment of the three insomnia scales. Insomnia of IS patients were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Athens insomnia scale (AIS). Also, basic patient information, neurological function, and activities of daily living were assessed. General information was compared between the insomnia group and the no-insomnia group. Cronbach's α coefficients, Cohen's Kappa consistency, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and DeLong's test analysis were used to analyze the reliability and diagnostic validity of PSQI, ISI, and AIS. Results The PSQI and ISI showed high reliability with Cronbach's α of 0.875 and 0.858, respectively, while the AIS had an α coefficient of 0.734, demonstrating acceptable reliability. The PSQI, ISI, and AIS showed outstanding diagnostic ability with an AUC of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.946, 0.974), 0.911 (95% CI: 0.882, 0.941), and 0.876 (95% CI:0.837, 0.916). The best diagnostic cutoffs for PSQI, ISI, and AIS are ≥9, ≥15, and ≥8. Conclusion Each of the three questionnaires has advantages and disadvantages when assessing insomnia. In the evaluation of insomnia in IS patients, the best questionnaire selection should be made according to the purpose of clinical evaluation and considering the sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Niu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Silian Ding
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingchun Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Jeong D, Lee H, Kim J. Effects of sleep pattern, duration, and quality on premenstrual syndrome and primary dysmenorrhea in korean high school girls. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:456. [PMID: 37641079 PMCID: PMC10464156 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is known to be a risk factor for premenstrual syndrome and primary dysmenorrhea in adults. However, it has rarely been investigated in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sleep pattern, duration, and quality independently affect premenstrual syndrome and primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. An additional purpose was to investigate the sleep status in Korean adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 519 high school girls aged 15 to 18 years in Gyeonggido, South Korea, in 2021 during the COVID-19 lockdown. Menstrual pain intensity and menstrual symptoms were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Cox menstrual symptom scale (CMSS), respectively. Premenstrual syndrome was assessed by the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST). Sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The known risk factors of dysmenorrhea, including menstrual and lifestyle characteristics and stress, were assessed as covariates. RESULTS During the pandemic, approximately 68% of girls slept 7 h or less, while about 60% reported poor sleep quality. Additionally, 64% of participants had a bedtime later after 1AM, and 34% woke up later after 8AM. Late bedtime significantly affected VAS (P = 0.05), CMSS severity and frequency (both P < 0.01), and PSST symptom (P < 0.01). Waking up late affected CMSS severity (P < 0.05), PSST symptom (P = 0.05), and PSST function (P < 0.05). However, the significance of these effects disappeared after controlling for covariates. Sleeping less than 5 h affected CMSS frequency (P < 0.05) and PSST symptoms (P < 0.001). After controlling for covariates, the significance of the effect on PSST symptom remained (P < 0.05). General sleep quality and PSQI components, including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction, significantly affected CMSS frequency and severity and PSST symptom after controlling for covariates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, or P < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis revealed that among sleep characteristics, sleep quality was the most important risk factor of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSION Our study result heightens the importance of healthy sleep hygiene, especially sleep quality in the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Jeong
- Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University (Seoul Campus), 24, Kyonggidae- ro 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03746, Republic of Korea
| | - Heakyong Lee
- Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University (Seoul Campus), 24, Kyonggidae- ro 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Kim
- Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University (Seoul Campus), 24, Kyonggidae- ro 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03746, Republic of Korea.
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Chun H, Doo M. Sleep Quality in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome-Related Variables. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101492. [PMID: 37239778 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related variables are simultaneously affected by sleep quality, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dietary consumption. In this cross-sectional study, data for 307 premenopausal women were available. The results showed that women experiencing PMS had significantly lower sleep quality and were more depressed and anxious (p < 0.001 for all). After the subjects were divided into groups according to PMS, the effect of sleep quality on MetS-related variables or MetS components significantly differed; only among women who experienced PMS were poor sleepers significantly higher in waist circumference (p = 0.018) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.012) than good sleepers. Among the MetS components, abdominal obesity in women with poor sleep quality was approximately three (16.9% vs. 3.0%, p= 0.020) times more common than in those with good sleep quality. However, these findings were not observed among those who did not experience PMS. Poor sleepers among women experiencing PMS consumed 2.8 times more alcoholic drinks than good sleepers (p = 0.006). The MetS-related variables in Korean women experiencing PMS are associated with sleep quality, and these associations may be modified by dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Miae Doo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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Yin W, Zhang J, Guo Y, Wu Z, Diao C, Sun J. Melatonin for premenstrual syndrome: A potential remedy but not ready. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1084249. [PMID: 36699021 PMCID: PMC9868742 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a recurrent and moderate disorder that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and quickly resolves after menstruation, is characterized by somatic and emotional discomfort that can be severe enough to impair daily activities. Current therapeutic drugs for PMS such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are not very satisfying. As a critical pineal hormone, melatonin has increasingly been suggested to modulate PMS symptoms. In this review, we update the latest progress on PMS-induced sleep disturbance, mood changes, and cognitive impairment and provide possible pathways by which melatonin attenuates these symptoms. Moreover, we focus on the role of melatonin in PMS molecular mechanisms. Herein, we show that melatonin can regulate ovarian estrogen and progesterone, of which cyclic fluctuations contribute to PMS pathogenesis. Melatonin also modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor system in PMS. Interpreting the role of melatonin in PMS is not only informative to clarify PMS etiology but also instructive to melatonin and its receptor agonist application to promote female health. As a safe interaction, melatonin treatment can be effective in alleviating symptoms of PMS. However, symptoms such as sleep disturbance, depressive mood, cognitive impairment are not specific and can be easily misdiagnosed. Connections between melatonin receptor, ovarian steroid dysfunction, and PMS are not consistent among past studies. Before final conclusions are drawn, more well-organized and rigorous studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laizhou City People’s Hospital, Laizhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Can Diao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Sun,
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Kováčová K, Stebelová K. Sleep Characteristics According to Gender and Age Measured by Wrist Actigraphy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413213. [PMID: 34948821 PMCID: PMC8701077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The sleep/wake rhythm is one of the most important biological rhythms. Quality and duration of sleep change during lifetime. The aim of our study was to determine differences in sleep efficiency, movement, and fragmentation during sleep period between genders and according to age. Sleep period was monitored by wrist actigraphy under home-based conditions. Seventy-four healthy participants-47 women and 27 men participated in the study. The participants were divided by age into groups younger than 40 years and 40 years and older. Women showed lower sleep fragmentation and mobility during sleep compared to men. Younger women showed a higher actual sleep and sleep efficiency compared to older women and younger men. Younger men compared to older men had a significantly lower actual sleep, lower sleep efficiency and significantly more sleep and wake bouts. Our results confirmed differences in sleep parameters between genders and according to age. The best sleep quality was detected in young women, but gender differences were not apparent in elderly participants, suggesting the impact of sex hormones on sleep.
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