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Pastore MB, Landeros RV, Chen DB, Magness RR. Structural analysis of estrogen receptors: interaction between estrogen receptors and cav-1 within the caveolae†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:495-504. [PMID: 30137221 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a physiologic state of substantially elevated estrogen biosynthesis that maintains vasodilator production by uterine artery endothelial cells (P-UAECs) and thus uterine perfusion. Estrogen receptors (ER-α and ER-β; ESR1 and ESR2) stimulate nongenomic rapid vasodilatory responses partly through activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Rapid estrogenic responses are initiated by the ∼4% ESRs localized to the plasmalemma of endothelial cells. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) interactions within the caveolae are theorized to influence estrogenic effects mediated by both ESRs. Hypothesis: Both ESR1 and ESR2 display similar spatial partitioning between the plasmalemma and nucleus of UAECs and have similar interactions with Cav-1 at the plasmalemma. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed numerous caveolae structures in UAECs, while immunogold labeling and subcellular fractionations identified ESR1 and ESR2 in three subcellular locations: membrane, cytosol, and nucleus. Bioinformatics approaches to analyze ESR1 and ESR2 transmembrane domains identified no regions that facilitate ESR interaction with plasmalemma. However, sucrose density centrifugation and Cav-1 immunoisolation columns uniquely demonstrated very high protein-protein association only between ESR1, but not ESR2, with Cav-1. These data demonstrate (1) both ESRs localize to the plasmalemma, cytosol and nucleus; (2) neither ESR1 nor ESR2 contain a classic region that crosses the plasmalemma to facilitate attachment; and (3) ESR1, but not ESR2, can be detected in the caveolar subcellular domain demonstrating ESR1 is the only ESR bound in close proximity to Cav-1 and eNOS within this microdomain. Lack of protein-protein interaction between Cav-1 and ESR2 demonstrates a novel independent association of these proteins at the plasmalemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra B Pastore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research Labs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rosalina Villalon Landeros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research Labs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dong-Bao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research Labs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Hwang HV, Lin Y, Rebuffatti MN, Tran DT, Lee L, Gomes AV, Li CS, Knowlton AA. Impaired proteostasis in senescent vascular endothelial cells: a perspective on estrogen and oxidative stress in the aging vasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H421-H429. [PMID: 30499713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00318.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response is an important cytoprotective mechanism for protein homeostasis and is an essential protective response to cellular stress and injury. Studies on changes in the heat shock response with aging have been mixed with regard to whether it is inhibited, and this, at least in part, reflects different tissues and different models. Cellular senescence is a key feature in aging, but work on the heat shock response in cultured senescent (SEN) cells has largely been limited to fibroblasts. Given the prevalence of oxidative injury in the aging cardiovascular system, we investigated whether SEN primary human coronary artery endothelial cells have a diminished heat shock response and impaired proteostasis. In addition, we tested whether this downregulation of heat shock response can be mitigated by 17β-estradiol (E2), which has a critical cardioprotective role in women, as we have previously reported that E2 improves the heat shock response in endothelial cells (Hamilton KL, Mbai FN, Gupta S, Knowlton AA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1628-1633, 2004). We found that SEN endothelial cells, despite their unexpectedly increased proteasome activity, had a diminished heat shock response and had more protein aggregation than early passage cells. SEN cells had increased oxidative stress, which promoted protein aggregation. E2 treatment did not decrease protein aggregation or improve the heat shock response in either early passage or SEN cells. In summary, cellular senescence in adult human endothelial cells is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and a blunting of proteostasis, and E2 did not mitigate these changes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Senescent human endothelial cells have a diminished heat shock response and increased protein aggregates. Senescent human endothelial cells have increased basal oxidative stress, which increases protein aggregates. Physiological level of 17β-estradiol did not improve proteostasis in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunTae V Hwang
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yun Lin
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle N Rebuffatti
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Darlene T Tran
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lily Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Chin-Shang Li
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Sacramento, California.,Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California
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Landeros RV, Jobe SO, Aranda-Pino G, Lopez GE, Zheng J, Magness RR. Convergent ERK1/2, p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling mediate catecholoestradiol-induced proliferation of ovine uterine artery endothelial cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:4663-4676. [PMID: 28437005 DOI: 10.1113/jp274119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The catechol metabolites of 17β-oestradiol (E2 β), 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-OHE2 ) and 4-hydroxyoestradiol (4-OHE2 ), stimulate proliferation of pregnancy-derived ovine uterine artery endothelial cells (P-UAECs) through β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) and independently of the classic oestrogen receptors (ERs). Herein we show that activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is necessary for 2-OHE2 - and 4-OHE2 -induced P-UAEC proliferation, as well as proliferation induced by the parent hormone E2 β and other β-AR signalling hormones (i.e. catecholamines). Conversely, although 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 rapidly activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its activation is not involved in catecholoestradiol-induced P-UAEC proliferation. We also show for the first time the signalling mechanisms involved in catecholoestradiol-induced P-UAEC proliferation; which converge at the level of MAPKs with the signalling mechanisms mediating E2 β- and catecholamine-induced proliferation. The present study advances our understanding of the complex signalling mechanisms involved in regulating uterine endothelial cell proliferation during pregnancy. ABSTRACT Previously we demonstrated that the biologically active metabolites of 17β-oestradiol, 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2-OHE2 ) and 4-hydroxyoestradiol (4-OHE2 ), stimulate pregnancy-specific proliferation of uterine artery endothelial cells derived from pregnant (P-UAECs), but not non-pregnant ewes. However, unlike 17β-oestradiol, which induces proliferation via oestrogen receptor-β (ER-β), the catecholoestradiols mediate P-UAEC proliferation via β-adrenoceptors (β-AR) and independently of classic oestrogen receptors. Herein, we aim to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms involved in proliferation induced by catecholoestradiols in P-UAECs. P-UAECs were treated with 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h, to analyse activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT. Specific inhibitors for ERK1/2 MAPK (PD98059), p38 MAPK (SB203580), JNK MAPK (SP600125), or PI3K (LY294002) were used to determine the involvement of individual kinases in agonist-induced P-UAEC proliferation. 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 stimulated biphasic phosphorylation of ERK1/2, slow p38 and JNK phosphorylation over time, and rapid monophasic AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAPKs, but not PI3K, were individually necessary for catecholoestradiol-induced proliferation. In addition, when comparing the signalling mechanisms of the catecholoestradiols, to 17β-oestradiol and catecholamines, we observed that convergent MAPKs signalling pathways facilitate P-UAEC proliferation induced by all of these hormones. Thus, all three members of the MAPK family mediate the mitogenic effects of catecholoestradiols in the endothelium during pregnancy. Furthermore, the convergent signalling of MAPKs involved in catecholoestradiol-, 17β-oestradiol- and catecholamine-induced endothelial cell proliferation may be indicative of unappreciated evolutionary functional redundancy to facilitate angiogenesis and ensure maintenance of uterine blood flow during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalina Villalon Landeros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheikh O Jobe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabrielle Aranda-Pino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gladys E Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of South Florida Perinatal Research Vascular Centre, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Li W, Shi X, Xu Y, Wan J, Wei S, Zhu R. Tamoxifen promotes apoptosis and inhibits invasion in estrogen‑positive breast cancer MCF‑7 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:478-484. [PMID: 28534964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the earliest non-steroidal antiestrogen drug, which has been widely used in endocrine therapy targeting breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of TAM on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of the estrogen‑positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line MCF‑7 in vitro, and elucidate its mechanisms. It was demonstrated that TAM suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis in MCF‑7 cells. Further investigation revealed that the mitochondrial membrane potential and the amount of ATP were significantly decreased following the treatment of MCF‑7 cells with TAM. Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and they are also the target of ROS as well. In the present study, TAM promoted the formation of ROS in MCF‑7 cells. In conclusion, these results reveal the underlying mechanism by which TAM induces ER+ breast cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits invasion, thereby supporting the use of TAM in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Rani V, Deep G, Singh RK, Palle K, Yadav UCS. Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2016; 148:183-93. [PMID: 26851532 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased body weight and metabolic disorder including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications together constitute metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome involves multitude of factors. A number of studies however indicate, with some conformity, that oxidative stress along with chronic inflammatory condition pave the way for the development of metabolic diseases. Oxidative stress, a state of lost balance between the oxidative and anti-oxidative systems of the cells and tissues, results in the over production of oxidative free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS generated could attack the cellular proteins, lipids and nucleic acids leading to cellular dysfunction including loss of energy metabolism, altered cell signalling and cell cycle control, genetic mutations, altered cellular transport mechanisms and overall decreased biological activity, immune activation and inflammation. In addition, nutritional stress such as that caused by high fat high carbohydrate diet also promotes oxidative stress as evident by increased lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and decreased antioxidant system and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. These changes lead to initiation of pathogenic milieu and development of several chronic diseases. Studies suggest that in obese person oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the important underlying factors that lead to development of pathologies such as carcinogenesis, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases through altered cellular and nuclear mechanisms, including impaired DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. Here we discuss the aspects of metabolic disorders-induced oxidative stress in major pathological conditions and strategies for their prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, JayPee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201 307, UP, India.
| | - Gagan Deep
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12850 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, USA Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Spring Hill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA.
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Metabolic Disorder & Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
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Li J, Kang Y, Wei L, Liu W, Tian Y, Chen B, Lin X, Li Y, Feng GS, Lu Z. Tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 mediates the estrogen biological action in breast cancer via interaction with the estrogen extranuclear receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102847. [PMID: 25048202 PMCID: PMC4105620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extranuclear estrogen receptor pathway opens up novel perspectives in many physiological and pathological processes, especially in breast carcinogenesis. However, its function and mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein we present data identifying Shp2, a SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase, as a critical component of extranuclear ER pathway in breast cancer. The research checked that the effect of Shp2 on the tumor formation and growth in animal model and investigated the regulation of Shp2 on the bio-effect and signaling transduction of estrogen in breast cancer cell lines. The results showed that Shp2 was highly expressed in more than 60% of total 151 breast cancer cases. The inhibition of Shp2 activity by PHPS1 (a Shp2 inhibitor) delayed the development of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumors in the rat mammary gland and also blocked tumor formation in MMTV-pyvt transgenic mice. Estradiol (E2) stimulated protein expression and phosphorylation of Shp2, and induced Shp2 binding to ERα and IGF-1R around the membrane to facilitate the phosphorylation of Erk and Akt in breast cancer cells MCF7. Shp2 was also involved in several biological effects of the extranuclear ER-initiated pathway in breast cancer cells. Specific inhibitors (phps1, phps4 and NSC87877) or small interference RNAs (siRNA) of Shp2 remarkably suppressed E2-induced gene transcription (Cyclin D1 and trefoil factor 1 (TFF1)), rapid DNA synthesis and late effects on cell growth. These results introduced a new mechanism for Shp2 oncogenic action and shed new light on extranuclear ER-initiated action in breast tumorigenesis by identifying a novel associated protein, Shp2, for extranuclear ER pathway, which might benefit the therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yujia Kang
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Longgang Wei
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingpu Tian
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baozhen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology & Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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Xu Y, Zou ST, Zhu R, Li W, Gu CW, Wei SH, Xie JM, Wu HR. Inhibition of proliferation of estrogen receptor‑positive MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells by tamoxifen through c‑Jun transcription factors. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1283-7. [PMID: 23404426 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of protein 1 (AP-1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of various members of the Jun and Fos families and binds to DNA at specific AP-1 binding sites. AP-1 transcriptional activity is increased by phosphorylation at serine residues in the c‑Jun component of AP-1. In the present study, the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was found to be suppressed by tamoxifen (TAM)-activated c-Jun through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. The molecular mechanism by which c‑Jun activation induces antiproliferative signals in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells remains unknown. TAM inhibited the proliferation of ER-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and ER-negative MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells and 48 h incubation with 10 µM TAM led to inhibition of 80% of proliferation. In addition, no significant difference in c-Jun mRNA and protein levels was detected in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 cells stimulated by TAM for 48 h. TAM treatment of MCF-7 cells activated the transcriptional activity of AP-1, which responds specifically to phorbol ester. To determine the role of c-Jun in the antiproliferation of MCF-7 cells stimulated by TAM, the inhibition rates of MCF‑7 cells were correlated with c‑Jun expression and stimulation of TAM. Results showed that the inhibition rate of TAM-stimulated MCF-7 cells was positively regulated by overexpression of c-Jun and negatively regulated by underexpression of c-Jun. Overall, these results indicate that the TAM-stimulated antiproliferation of MCF-7 cells is positively regulated by c-Jun through activation of the PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R China
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Cheng W, Chen L, Yang S, Han J, Zhai D, Ni J, Yu C, Cai Z. Puerarin suppresses proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells partly via the MAPK signaling pathway induced by 17ß-estradiol-BSA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45529. [PMID: 23029074 PMCID: PMC3446905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerarin is a major isoflavonoid compound extracted from Radix puerariae. It has a weak estrogenic action by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). In our early clinical practice to treat endometriosis, a better therapeutic effect was achieved if the formula of traditional Chinese medicine included Radix puerariae. The genomic and non-genomic effects of puerarin were studied in our Lab. This study aims to investigate the ability of puerarin to bind competitively to ERs in human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs), determine whether and how puerarin may influence phosphorylation of the non-genomic signaling pathway induced by 17ß-estradiol conjugated to BSA (E(2)-BSA). METHODOLOGY ESCs were successfully established. Binding of puerarin to ERs was assessed by a radioactive competitive binding assay in ESCs. Activation of the signaling pathway was screened by human phospho-kinase array, and was further confirmed by western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed according to the protocol of CCK-8. The mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1, Cox-2 and Cyp19 were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting. Inhibitor of MEK1/2 or ER antagonist was used to confirm the involved signal pathway. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our data demonstrated that the total binding ability of puerarin to ERs on viable cells is around 1/3 that of 17ß-estradiol (E(2)). E(2)-BSA was able to trigger a rapid, non-genomic, membrane-mediated activation of ERK1/2 in ESCs and this phenomenon was associated with an increased proliferation of ESCs. Treating ESCs with puerarin abrogated the phosphorylation of ERK and significantly decreased cell proliferation, as well as related gene expression levels enhanced by E(2)-BSA. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Puerarin suppresses proliferation of ESCs induced by E(2)-BSA partly via impeding a rapid, non-genomic, membrane-initiated ERK pathway, and down-regulation of Cyclin D1, Cox-2 and Cyp19 are involved in the process. Our data further show that puerarin may be a new candidate to treat endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizao Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengsheng Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zailong Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Khambata RS, Panayiotou CM, Hobbs AJ. Natriuretic peptide receptor-3 underpins the disparate regulation of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by C-type natriuretic peptide. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:584-97. [PMID: 21457229 PMCID: PMC3178781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived vasorelaxant, exerting anti-atherogenic actions in the vasculature and salvaging the myocardium from ischaemic injury. The cytoprotective effects of CNP are mediated in part via the Gi-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)3. As GPCRs are well-known to control cell proliferation, we investigated if NPR3 activation underlies effects of CNP on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RAoSMC) and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells from NPR3 knockout (KO) mice was investigated in vitro. KEY RESULTS CNP (1 pM–1 µM) facilitated HUVEC proliferation and inhibited RAoSMC growth concentration-dependently. The pro- and anti-mitogenic effects of CNP were blocked by the NPR3 antagonist M372049 (10 µM) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (30 µM) and were absent in cells from NPR3 KO mice. Activation of ERK 1/2 by CNP was inhibited by Pertussis toxin (100 ng·mL−1) and M372049 (10 µM). In HUVEC, ERK 1/2 activation enhanced expression of the cell cycle promoter, cyclin D1, whereas in RAoSMC, ERK 1/2 activation increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A facet of the vasoprotective profile of CNP is mediated via NPR3-dependent ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in augmented endothelial cell proliferation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle growth. This pathway may offer an innovative approach to reversing the endothelial damage and vascular smooth muscle hyperplasia that characterize many vascular disorders.
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Vasodilation in response to the GPR30 agonist G-1 is not different from estradiol in the mRen2.Lewis female rat. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 57:598-603. [PMID: 21326105 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182135f1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our studies in the mRen2.Lewis female rat, an angiotensin II- and estrogen-dependent model of hypertension, revealed that chronic activation of estrogen receptor GPR30 markedly reduces blood pressure in ovariectomized females. The present studies measured acute vasodilation to the selective GPR30 agonist G-1 and 17-β-estradiol (10(-9)-10(-5.5) M) in isolated aortic rings and mesenteric arteries from intact mRen2.Lewis females. Maximal relaxation was greater in mesenteric vessels versus the aorta for both G-1 (47% ± 8% vs 80% ± 5% of phenylephrine preconstriction, P < 0.001) and estradiol (42% ± 7% vs 83% ± 4% of phenylephrine preconstriction, P < 0.001). The GPR30 antagonist G15 attenuated the response to both estradiol and G-1. Removal of the endothelium or pretreatment with Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) partially attenuated vasorelaxation. Responses were not altered in mesenteric vessels from ovariectomized females. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed GPR30 expression in mesenteric endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and smooth muscle expression was confirmed in cultured cells. We conclude that estradiol-induced relaxation in conduit and resistance vessels from mRen2.Lewis females may be mediated by the novel estrogen receptor GPR30. The direct vasodilatory response of G-1 in resistance vessels presents one mechanism for the reduction in blood pressure induced by chronic G-1 administration.
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Rauschemberger MB, Sandoval MJ, Massheimer VL. Cellular and molecular actions displayed by estrone on vascular endothelium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 339:136-43. [PMID: 21536098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work we provide evidence that estrone "per se" modulates cellular endothelial growth and survival, events that play key roles in the development of vascular disease. Moreover, under oxidative stress conditions the hormone prevented apoptosis triggered by hydrogen peroxide. Although estrone did not affect E-selectin and VCAM-1 mRNAs synthesis, the hormone prevented the expression of these adhesion molecules induced by the proinflammatory agent LPS. The steroid partially attenuated leukocyte adhesion not only under basal conditions but also in the presence of LPS. Using ICI182780 compound as estrogen receptor antagonist, and PD98059 as MAPK inhibitor we obtained evidence that the mitogenic action of estrone involved the participation of ER and MAPK transduction pathway activation. The presence of estradiol impaired the effect of estrone on cell proliferation and vasoactive production. These results suggest that estrone exhibits a remarkable biological action on endothelial cells, modulating vasoactive production, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell adhesion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Rauschemberger
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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12
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Abstract
Lung cancer has long been thought of as a cancer that mainly affects men, but over the past several decades, because of the high increase in tobacco use by women, there has been a corresponding dramatic increase in lung cancer among women. Since 1998, lung cancer deaths in women have surpassed those caused by breast cancer in the United States. Annual lung cancer deaths among US women currently surpass those caused by breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers combined. Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the lung compared to squamous cell carcinoma, and never-smokers diagnosed with lung cancer are almost three times more likely to be female than male. These observations in the population, coupled to the findings that both estrogen receptors (ERs) and aromatase, the enzyme that synthesizes 17beta-estradiol, are expressed by lung tumors, suggest a role for female steroid hormones in control of lung cancer growth. Preclinical data and clinical data are increasingly emerging to support this concept, and to suggest that a local production of estrogen and expression of ERs occurs in lung tumors that arise in men as well as in women. An additional protein that recognizes 17beta-estradiol with high affinity, GPR30, also is expressed in lung tumors at high levels and may be responsible for some of the proliferation signals induced by estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Simoncini T. Mechanisms of action of estrogen receptors in vascular cells: relevance for menopause and aging. Climacteric 2010; 12 Suppl 1:6-11. [PMID: 19811233 DOI: 10.1080/13697130902986385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts pleiotropic functions on the cardiovascular system through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Traditionally, ERs have been recognized as transcription factors regulating the expression of target genes. In the past decades, however, numerous studies have revealed rapid actions of estrogen in different systems, especially in non-reproductive tissues such as the cardiovascular system. At this level, estrogen triggers rapid vasodilatation, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, regulates vascular cell growth and migration, and confers protection to cardiomyocytes. These so-called 'extranuclear actions' do not require gene expression or protein synthesis and are independent of the nuclear localization of ERs. Indeed, some of these actions are elicited by ERs residing at or near the plasma membrane. Through complex interactions with membrane-associated signaling molecules such as ion channels, G proteins and the tyrosine kinase c-Src, liganded extranuclear ERs lead to the activation of downstream cascades such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K). These cascades are responsible for important cardiovascular actions of estrogen, for instance, the activation of nitric oxide synthesis or the remodeling of the endothelial actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, these cascades play crucial roles in regulating the expression of target proteins implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, movement and homeostasis. Recent advancements in the characterization of the molecular basis of the extranuclear signaling of estrogen help us to understand the biological functions of estrogen and would be beneficial in elucidating current controversies on estrogen's clinical efficacy in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Simoncini
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Sarsour EH, Kumar MG, Chaudhuri L, Kalen AL, Goswami PC. Redox control of the cell cycle in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2985-3011. [PMID: 19505186 PMCID: PMC2783918 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cellular oxidation and reduction (redox) environment is influenced by the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, several reports support the hypothesis that cellular ROS levels could function as ''second messengers'' regulating numerous cellular processes, including proliferation. Periodic oscillations in the cellular redox environment, a redox cycle, regulate cell-cycle progression from quiescence (G(0)) to proliferation (G(1), S, G(2), and M) and back to quiescence. A loss in the redox control of the cell cycle could lead to aberrant proliferation, a hallmark of various human pathologies. This review discusses the literature that supports the concept of a redox cycle controlling the mammalian cell cycle, with an emphasis on how this control relates to proliferative disorders including cancer, wound healing, fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesize that reestablishing the redox control of the cell cycle by manipulating the cellular redox environment could improve many aspects of the proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab H Sarsour
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Armaiz-Pena GN, Mangala LS, Spannuth WA, Lin YG, Jennings NB, Nick AM, Langley RR, Schmandt R, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, Sood AK. Estrous cycle modulates ovarian carcinoma growth. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2971-8. [PMID: 19383821 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of reproductive hormones on ovarian cancer growth are not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of estrous cycle variation and specific reproductive hormones on ovarian cancer growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the role of reproductive hormones in ovarian cancer growth using both in vivo and in vitro models of tumor growth. RESULTS In vivo experiments using the HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1 ovarian cancer models showed that tumor cell inoculation during proestrus significantly increased tumor burden (251-273%) compared with injection during the estrus phase. Treatment of ovariectomized mice with 17beta-estradiol resulted in a 404% to 483% increase in tumor growth compared with controls. Progestins had no significant effect, but did block estrogen-stimulated tumor growth. Tumors collected from mice sacrificed during proestrus showed increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density compared with mice injected during estrus. HeyA8, SKOV3ip1, and mouse endothelial (MOEC) cells expressed estrogen receptor alpha and beta and progesterone receptor at the protein and mRNA levels, whereas 2774 ovarian cancer cells were estrogen receptor-negative. In vitro assays showed that 17beta-estradiol significantly increased ovarian cancer cell adhesion to collagen in estrogen receptor-positive, but not in estrogen receptor-negative cells. Additionally, 17beta-estradiol increased the migratory potential of MOEC cells, which was abrogated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, PD 09859. Treatment with 17beta-estradiol activated MAPK in MOEC cells, but not in HeyA8 or SKOV3ip1 cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that estrogen may promote in vivo ovarian cancer growth, both directly and indirectly, by making the tumor microenvironment more conducive for cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Estrogen controls multiple biological functions through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Traditionally, ERs have been regarded as transcription factors regulating the expression of target genes. However, growing evidence of rapid estrogen's actions in a number of tissues has been accumulating and alternative mechanisms of signal transduction have been proposed. These so called "extra-nuclear actions" do not require gene expression or protein synthesis and are independent of the nuclear localization of ERs. Indeed, some of these actions are elicited by ERs residing at or near the plasma membrane. Membrane-associated molecules such as ion channels, G proteins, the tyrosine kinase c-Src as well as growth factor receptors are modulated by liganded ERs within the membrane, leading to the activation of downstream cascades such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C. These cascades mediate some important rapid actions of estrogen, such as the activation of nitric oxide synthesis or the remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. In addition, these pathways are critical for the regulation of the expression of a number of target proteins implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, movement, and homeostasis. In this manner, the extra-nuclear pathways are tightly integrated with the genomic pathways to orchestrate the full spectrum of estrogen's biological functions. The recent advancements in the characterization of the molecular basis of the extra-nuclear signaling of estrogen helps to understand the role of estrogen on human cells, and may in future turn out to be of relevance for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Fu
- Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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