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Adhikari M, Biswas C, Mazumdar P, Sarkar S, Pramanick K. Evaluating the potential of daily intake of polystyrene microplastics via drinking water in inducing PCOS and its ovarian fibrosis progression using female zebrafish. NANOIMPACT 2024; 34:100507. [PMID: 38663500 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene microplastics, extensively considered endocrine disrupting chemicals, disturb the reproductive system of living organisms. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the reproductive endocrinopathy, is longstanding concern due to its eternal impacts as reproductive disorder and infertility. Despite several reports in reproductive and endocrine toxicity, there is inadequate literature regarding the daily intake of polystyrene-microplastics via drinking water in causing PCOS and leading to ovarian fibrosis in long-term. The present study investigated whether daily consumption of polystyrene-microplastics at doses equivalent to human exposure can cause PCOS and progress to ovarian fibrosis, using female zebrafish as model. Resembling letrozole-PCOS zebrafish model, daily intake of polystyrene-microplastics displayed hallmark PCOS pathophysiology; like excess body weight and %Gonadosomatic index, decreased Follicle Stimulating Hormone and β-estradiol, increased Luteinising Hormone, brain and ovarian Testosterone (39.3% and 75% respectively). Correspondingly, ovarian histology revealed more developing (stage I and II) oocytes and less mature oocytes alongwith cystic lesions; like follicular membrane disorganization, zona pellucida invagination, theca hypertrophy, basophilic granular accumulation and oocyte buddings. Lipid deposition in intestinal and ovarian tissues was evidenced and increased fasting blood glucose manifesting insulin resistance. The expression of PCOS biomarkers (tox3, dennd1a, fem1a) was significantly disturbed. Polystyrene microplastics played vital role in inducing PCOS further enhancing oxidative stress, which positively influences inflammation and aggravate ovarian mitophagy, shedding light on its ability to harshen PCOS into ovarian fibrosis, which is characterized by collagen deposition and upregulation of pro-fibrogenic biomarker genes. These findings illustrate the potential of daily microplastics intake via drinking water in triggering PCOS and its progression to ovarian fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuchhanda Adhikari
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Chayan Biswas
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Piyali Mazumdar
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Shampa Sarkar
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Kousik Pramanick
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India.
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Cao P, Li H, Wang P, Zhang X, Guo Y, Zhao K, Guo J, Li X, Nashun B. DNA Hypomethylation-Mediated Transcription Dysregulation Participates in Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00072-5. [PMID: 38403164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heterogeneous and genetically complex endocrine disorder. Although the etiology remains mostly elusive, growing evidence suggested abnormal changes of DNA methylation correlate well with systemic and tissue-specific dysfunctions in PCOS. A dehydroepiandrosterone-induced PCOS-like mouse model was generated, which has a similar metabolic and reproductive phenotype as human patients with PCOS, and was used to experimentally validate the potential role of aberrant DNA methylation in PCOS in this study. Integrated DNA methylation and transcriptome analysis revealed the potential role of genomic DNA hypomethylation in transcription regulation of PCOS and identified several key candidate genes, including BMP4, Adcy7, Tnfaip3, and Fas, which were regulated by aberrant DNA hypomethylation. Moreover, i.p. injection of S-adenosylmethionine increased the overall DNA methylation level of PCOS-like mice and restored expression of the candidate genes to similar levels as the control, alleviating reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS-like mice. These findings provided direct evidence showing the importance of normal DNA methylation in epigenetic regulation of PCOS and potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Qilu Pharmaceutical Company, Hohhot, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Peijun Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Keyu Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xihe Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animals, Hohhot, China
| | - Buhe Nashun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Jin Y, Sun F, Yang A, Yu X, Li Y, Liang S, Jing X, Wang K, Zhang L, Xiao S, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhao G, Gao B. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and insulin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1279717. [PMID: 38174331 PMCID: PMC10762309 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1279717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is considered a decline in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it remains controversial that whether such reduction is attributed to obesity. Aims This systematic review aims to explore whether IGFBP-1 is reduced in PCOS, and whether such reduction is associated with obesity. Results Our pooled study included 12 studies with a total of 450 participants. IGFBP-1 levels in PCOS were significantly lower than that in non-PCOS (SMD (95%CI)=-0.49(-0.89, -0.09), P=0.02). No significant difference in IGFBP-1 levels between patients with or without PCOS classified by BMI. Whilst, stratification by PCOS status revealed a significant decrease in IGFBP-1 in overweight (SMD (95%CI)=-0.92(-1.46, -0.37), P=0.001). When comparing fasting insulin in the same way, PCOS patients had significantly elevated fasting insulin level but not statistically declined IGFBP-1 after classified by BMI. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides evidence that the decrease of IGFBP-1 in PCOS was more strongly influenced by comorbid obesity than by PCOS itself. Additionally, contrast to previous findings that insulin significantly suppresses IGFBP-1, our results suggested that the suppression of PCOS-related hyperinsulinemia on IGFBP-1 seemed diminished. Overall, our work may provide a novel perspective on the mechanism between insulin and IGFBP-1 underlying PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aili Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - WenCheng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guohong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Li H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Fu S, Lv H. Association of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Endocr Pract 2022; 29:388-397. [PMID: 36516939 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of IGF-1 with PCOS through this meta-analysis. METHODS Literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (up to July 2022). A manual search was performed on the references of related original research. Then, we applied the random-effects model to evaluate the overall effect size by calculating the standard mean difference and its 95% CI. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed and publication bias was assessed. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in this meta-analysis involving 657 individuals: 362 patients with PCOS and 295 normal controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PCOS than in controls (standard mean difference, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.34-1.45; P = .002). The final pooled data were determined by the random-effects model because a significant high heterogeneity (I2 = 89%) was found. A subgroup analysis based on body mass index showed that elevated IGF-1 level was associated with normal-weight and overweight patients in the PCOS group, but there was no significant association with obesity. The sensitivity analysis indicated that no individual study significantly affected the overall pooled result and no publishing bias was observed. CONCLUSION These data suggest that elevated serum IGF-1 levels may not be a major cause of PCOS pathogenesis. Body mass index may be a major determinant of serum IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haihong Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Moin ASM, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Inflammatory Markers in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Are Not Elevated and Show No Correlation with Vitamin D Metabolites. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173540. [PMID: 36079796 PMCID: PMC9459875 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), although this may be obesity-driven rather than an intrinsic facet of PCOS; furthermore, vitamin D deficiency, another common feature of PCOS, is reported to have an association with increased inflammation. Therefore, circulating inflammatory protein levels and circulating levels of vitamin D may be linked in PCOS, though it is unclear which vitamin D metabolites may be important. Methods. We measured plasma levels of 24 inflammatory proteins and 12 matrix metalloproteinases (proteins modulated by the inflammatory process) by slow off-rate modified aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurement in weight and aged-matched non-obese non-insulin resistant PCOS (n = 24) and control (n = 24) women. Inflammatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases were correlated to 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), its epimer 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D (3epi25(OH)D) and the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) as measured by gold standard isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results. PCOS women had both an elevated free androgen index and circulating anti-mullerian hormone, though insulin resistance was comparable to controls. C-reactive protein, as a standard circulatory marker of inflammation, was comparable between cohorts. Levels of circulating inflammatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases were not different between the PCOS and control women, with no correlation of 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 or 3epi25(OH)D with any of the inflammatory proteins. Conclusion. In a non-obese PCOS population matched for age and insulin resistance, circulating inflammatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases were not elevated and did not correlate with 25(OH)D3, its epimer 3epi25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D3 in either control or PCOS women, indicating that the inflammatory response is absent and the vitamin D-metabolite independent in non-obese women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +973-32360292
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Oxidative Stress and Human Ovarian Response—From Somatic Ovarian Cells to Oocytes Damage: A Clinical Comprehensive Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071335. [PMID: 35883826 PMCID: PMC9311552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic scientific research on human reproduction and oxidative damage has been extensively performed; however, a more clinical view is still lacking. As a result, exhaustive data on the influence of oxidative stress on human ovarian response and, consequently, on fertility are still lacking. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of oxidative stress in different conditions associated to female infertility and to list some of the main antioxidant agents. A systematic literature search was performed in May 2022 to retrieve studies regarding the oxidative stress and the human ovarian response from somatic ovarian cells to oocytes damage. Only human studies were included and the authors focused their review, in particular, on clinical implications in order to define a new research perspective on the assessment of any eventual strategy to preserve women’s fertility. Thereby, the authors evaluated the contribution of DNA repair pathways in improving women’s fertility by reducing the DNA damage associated with aging or diseases, such as endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome, and eventually, in prolonging the reproductive lifespan after cancer treatment.
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Cardiovascular Health Does Not Change Following High-Intensity Interval Training in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061626. [PMID: 35329952 PMCID: PMC8953804 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. First-line therapy for PCOS is lifestyle changes including exercise. We compared CVD risk factors between women with and without PCOS and examined the responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: women with PCOS were randomized to HIIT (n = 41) or a non-exercise control group (n = 23) for 16 weeks. Women without PCOS (n = 15) were age- and BMI-matched to participants with PCOS and completed 16 weeks of HIIT. CVD markers included blood pressure, heart rate, flow mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and circulating concentrations of lipids, glucose, insulin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Results: resting heart rate was higher in women with PCOS than without PCOS (p =0.011) and was reduced after HIIT in women with PCOS (−2.8 beats/min, 95% CI: −5.4, −0.2, p = 0.037). FMD was not significantly different between women with PCOS (5.5%, SD 4.1) and those without PCOS (8.2%, SD 3.9) at baseline. HIIT reduced time-to-peak dilatation of the brachial artery in women with PCOS compared with women without PCOS (−55 s, 95% CI: −96, −13, p = 0.012). Conclusions: we found little difference in CVD risk factors between women with and without PCOS at baseline, but some indications of endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS.
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Velez LM, Seldin M, Motta AB. Inflammation and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1205-1217. [PMID: 33739372 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies, affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age, and is characterized by the presence of ovarian cysts, oligo, or anovulation, and clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism. Metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular complications, dyslipidemia, and obesity are frequently present in PCOS women. Several key pathogenic pathways overlap between these metabolic abnormalities, notably chronic inflammation. The observation that this mechanism was shared led to the hypothesis that a chronic inflammatory state could contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. Moreover, while physiological inflammation is an essential feature of reproductive events such as ovulation, menstruation, implantation, and labor at term, the establishment of chronic inflammation may be a pivotal feature of the observed reproductive dysfunctions in PCOS women. Taken together, the present work aims to review the available evidence about inflammatory mediators and related mechanisms in women with PCOS, with an emphasis on reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alicia B Motta
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cabral-Pacheco GA, Garza-Veloz I, Castruita-De la Rosa C, Ramirez-Acuña JM, Perez-Romero BA, Guerrero-Rodriguez JF, Martinez-Avila N, Martinez-Fierro ML. The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9739. [PMID: 33419373 PMCID: PMC7767220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 617] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of the ECM. The degradation of the ECM is of great importance, since it is related to embryonic development and angiogenesis. It is also involved in cell repair and the remodeling of tissues. When the expression of MMPs is altered, it can generate the abnormal degradation of the ECM. This is the initial cause of the development of chronic degenerative diseases and vascular complications generated by diabetes. In addition, this process has an association with neurodegeneration and cancer progression. Within the ECM, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMPs. TIMPs are important regulators of ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, and cellular behavior. Therefore, TIMPs (similar to MMPs) modulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. An interruption in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of several diseases. This review focuses on the participation of both MMPs (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIMPs (e.g., TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) in physiological processes and on how their abnormal regulation is associated with human diseases. The inclusion of current strategies and mechanisms of MMP inhibition in the development of new therapies targeting MMPs was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (G.AC.-P.); (C.C.-D.l.R.); (J.MR.-A.); (B.AP.-R.); (J.FG.-R.); (N.M.-A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (G.AC.-P.); (C.C.-D.l.R.); (J.MR.-A.); (B.AP.-R.); (J.FG.-R.); (N.M.-A.)
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10
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Chen Z, Wei H, Zhao X, Xin X, Peng L, Ning Y, Wang Y, Lan Y, Zhang Q. Metformin treatment alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome by decreasing the expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 via H19/miR‐29b‐3p and AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19964-19976. [PMID: 30989649 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Huafang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Central Theater General Hospital of PLA Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Central Theater General Hospital of PLA Wuhan China
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yang Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yanli Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science Xiangyang China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Dambala K, Paschou SA, Michopoulos A, Siasos G, Goulis DG, Vavilis D, Tarlatzis BC. Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Angiology 2019; 70:797-801. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319719840091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. The criteria required for the diagnosis identify various phenotypes, with different reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular (CV) risk characteristics. Emerging evidence links adipocyte-secreted hormones as candidates in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in PCOS, independently of additional risk factors. The aim of this review was to collect, analyze, and qualitatively resynthesize evidence on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (visfatin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], matrix metalloproteinase 9 [MMP-9]) in women with PCOS. Women with PCOS exhibit (a) increased plasma visfatin concentrations compared with controls with a similar body mass index; (b) increased VEGF production along with chronic, mild inflammation; and (c) increased MMP-9 concentrations, which might be related to either excessive CV risk or abnormalities of ovarian extracellular matrix remodeling, multiple cyst formation, follicular atresia, and chronic anovulation. As PCOS has been associated with CV risk, early identification of endothelial dysfunction is clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Dambala
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, “Aghia Sophia” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Michopoulos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Basil C. Tarlatzis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Su NJ, Ma J, Feng DF, Zhou S, Li ZT, Zhou WP, Deng H, Liang JY, Yang XH, Zhang YM, Liu FH, Zhang L. The peripheral blood transcriptome identifies dysregulation of inflammatory response genes in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:584-588. [PMID: 29262729 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1418851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women, resulting in ovulation failure and other metabolic problems. However, the underlying mechanisms of it remain largely uncertain due to the complexity of clinical manifestations. This systemic disorder is involved in endocrine, metabolism, immune system and many organs, and few studies have explored peripheral blood transcriptome in patients with PCOS. We performed gene expression profiling of peripheral blood from 8 PCOS patients and eight healthy women with microarray. The significance analysis of microarray (SAM) software was employed to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene ontology (GO) was used for functional enrichment analysis. In total, 181 DEGs with fold-changes >2.0 and q-values <0.05 were identified between the two groups. Among them, 149 were up-regulated and 32 down-regulated in PCOS. Unsupervised clustering of expressed genes could readily differentiate PCOS from control. More importantly, inflammatory response pathway including 14 dysregulated genes was highly enriched in PCOS. Furthermore, 10 DEGs were validated using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assays. Our study provides independent evidence for the involvement of systemic inflammatory response in PCOS and it may facilitate a greater understanding of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Jun Su
- a Reproductive Medical Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian Ma
- b Translational Medicine Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - De-Feng Feng
- b Translational Medicine Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- b Translational Medicine Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zi-Tao Li
- a Reproductive Medical Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- b Translational Medicine Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hua Deng
- b Translational Medicine Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jia-Ying Liang
- a Reproductive Medical Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xu-Hui Yang
- a Reproductive Medical Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yue-Mei Zhang
- a Reproductive Medical Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feng-Hua Liu
- a Reproductive Medical Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liang Zhang
- b Translational Medicine Center , Guangdong Women and Children Hospital , Guangzhou , China
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Clomiphene citrate increases nitric oxide, interleukin-10 and reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 228:27-31. [PMID: 29908374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase-9, Nitric oxide and inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Even though these parameters are altered in PCOS, the effect of clomiphene citrate on them has not been studied till date. The present study was done to assess the effect of clomiphene citrate on matrix metalloproteinase-9, nitric oxide and interleukin-10 levels in women with PCOS. STUDY DESIGN 72 women diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in the study. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, nitric oxide and interleukin-10 levels were compared at baseline and after three weeks following Clomiphene citrate treatment. RESULTS Clomiphene citrate increases both nitric oxide (p = 0.03) and interleukin-10 (p < 0.001) levels and reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels (p < 0.001) in women with PCOS. It also improves the ovulation rate (52.8%) and clinical pregnancy rate (19.4%) in PCOS. Also there was a significant reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in both the ovulatory (p < 0.001) and conceived groups (p = 0.024) compared to non ovulatory and non conceived group. There was no difference in nitric oxide and interleukin-10 levels in ovulatory and conceived groups compared to non ovulatory and non conceived group. CONCLUSION We conclude that clomiphene citrate increases the levels of nitric oxide and interleukin-10 and decreases the matrix metalloproteinase - 9 levels and improves the ovulation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in PCOS.
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Dambala K, Vavilis D, Bili E, Goulis DG, Tarlatzis BC. Serum visfatin, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:529-533. [PMID: 28300464 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1296425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate serum concentrations of visfatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to investigate their possible role as early endothelial markers in PCOS. METHODS Forty-two women with PCOS and 42 controls, matched for age and weight, were included in the study. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, total testosterone (tT), Δ4-androstenedione (Δ4A), dehydroepinadrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), 17-OH-progesterone, sex hormone-binding protein (SHBG), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), visfatin, VEGF and MMP-9 were measured in all women; free androgen index (FAI) was calculated as well. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to examine if visfatin, tT or FAI can predict the clinical status (PCOS or control). RESULTS LH, Δ4A, tT and FAI concentrations were higher in PCOS than in controls (p = 0.002, 0.029, 0.0005 and 0.014, respectively). Visfatin, VEGF and MMP-9 concentrations were higher in women with PCOS than controls (p = 0.019, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). In ROC analysis, area under the curve (AUC) in the prediction of clinical status was 0.641 for visfatin (p = 0.026), 0.731 for tT (p = 0.001) and 0.666 for FAI (p = 0.010), with no difference among them (p = 0.117). CONCLUSIONS Visfatin may induce the expression of pro-angiogenic factors, such as VEGF and MMP-9, in women with PCOS, inplying gradually development of endothelial dysfunction. Further studies are required to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Dambala
- a First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- a First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Eleni Bili
- a First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- a First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Basil C Tarlatzis
- a First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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15
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Akcalı A, Bostanci N, Özçaka Ö, Gümüş P, Öztürk-Ceyhan B, Tervahartiala T, Husu H, Buduneli N, Sorsa T, Belibasakis GN. Gingival Inflammation and Salivary or Serum Granulocyte-Secreted Enzymes in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Periodontol 2017; 88:1145-1152. [PMID: 28598286 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this cross-sectional study is to investigate levels of salivary and serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and MMP-9/tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP)-1 ratio in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and systemically healthy controls in the presence or absence of gingivitis. METHODS Serum and salivary levels of these biomarkers were evaluated in the following: 1) periodontally healthy women with PCOS (n = 45); 2) women with PCOS and gingivitis (n = 35); 3) systemically and periodontally healthy women (n = 25); and 4) systemically healthy women with gingivitis (n = 20). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine levels of these biomarkers. A full-mouth clinical periodontal evaluation was performed for each patient. RESULTS Salivary MMP-9 and NE levels, as well as MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios, were higher in the systemically healthy women with gingivitis compared with periodontally healthy women with PCOS (P <0.001; P <0.01; and P <0.0001, respectively). Serum MMP-9 and MPO levels were higher in women with PCOS and gingivitis compared with periodontally healthy women with PCOS (P <0.05). Serum MMP-9 levels were lower in healthy women with gingivitis than systemically and periodontally healthy women or women with PCOS and gingivitis (P <0.05). PCOS groups exhibited a positive correlation among clinical periodontal parameters and serum MMP-9 levels or salivary MPO, NE levels, and MMP-9/MMP-1 ratio. Correlation was negative among clinical periodontal parameters and serum MMP-9 levels and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in systemically healthy patients (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present findings emphasize that PCOS and gingival inflammation are associated with each other, as evidenced by salivary and serum levels of neutrophilic enzymes. This interaction may contribute to the perturbation of ovarian remodeling in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Akcalı
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Özgun Özçaka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Husu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Institute of Dentistry, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Ranjbaran J, Farimani M, Tavilani H, Ghorbani M, Karimi J, Poormonsefi F, Khodadadi I. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and MMP9/NGAL complex activity in women with PCOS. Reproduction 2016; 151:305-11. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in follicular development and pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, conflicting results are available about the alteration of MMP2 and MMP9 concentrations or activities in PCOS. In fact, there is no study entirely investigating both concentration and activity of these MMPs and serum levels of their tissue inhibitors TIMP2 and TIMP1, as well as lipocalin-bound form of MMP9 (MMP9/NGAL). Therefore, the thoroughness of previous studies is questionable. This study was conducted to determine circulatory concentration of MMP2, MMP9, MMP9/NGAL complex, TIMP1 and TIMP2 as well as gelatinase activities of MMP2, MMP9 and MMP9/NGAL complex in women with PCOS and controls. Mean age and BMI as well as serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL-C, LDL-C, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin did not differ between groups, whereas a marked decrease in FSH and significant increases in LH, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone and free androgen index were observed. Women with PCOS and controls showed closed concentrations of MMP2, MMP9, MMP9/NGAL, TIMP1 and TIMP2. Gelatinase activity of MMP9 was found significantly higher in PCOS than in controls (64.53±15.32 vs 44.61±18.95 respectively) while patients and healthy subjects showed similar activities of MMP2 and MMP9/NGAL complex. Additionally, PCOS patients showed a higher MMP9/TIMP1 ratio compared with control women. Direct correlations were also observed between circulatory MMP9 level and the concentration and activity of MMP9/NGAL complex. In conclusion, based on the results of present study, we believe that MMP9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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17
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Light A, Hammes SR. LH-Induced Steroidogenesis in the Mouse Ovary, but Not Testis, Requires Matrix Metalloproteinase 2- and 9-Mediated Cleavage of Upregulated EGF Receptor Ligands. Biol Reprod 2015. [PMID: 26203177 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.130971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion depend on luteinizing hormone (LH)-mediated upregulation of membrane-bound epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands, including amphiregulin, epiregulin, and betacellulin. These ligands then transactivate the EGF receptor (EGFR) after release by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, direct measurement of released EGF-like ligands or MMPs from granulosa cells has not been formally evaluated, nor has direct identification of responsible MMPs. Here we address these issues by analyzing LH-induced steroidogenesis, which is also MMP and EGFR dependent, in freshly isolated mouse primary granulosa cells. We demonstrate a correlation between amphiregulin and epiregulin mRNA induction and steroid production in LH-treated granulosa cells as well as in ovaries of human chorionic gonadotropin-treated mice. In contrast, LH does not alter Mmp1, Mmp2, Mmp3, Mmp8, Mmp9, or Adam17 mRNA expression. We demonstrate that, in primary mouse granulosa cells, LH triggers release of soluble amphiregulin that correlates with steroid production, both of which are blocked by MMP2/9 inhibition, confirming that MMP2/9 likely regulates LH-induced amphiregulin release and downstream processes. Notably, LH does not alter secretion of MMP2/9 from primary granulosa cells, nor does it modulate MMP activity. These findings indicate that, in the ovary, LH dictates EGFR-mediated processes not by regulating MMPs, but instead by increasing EGF-like ligand availability. In contrast, LH stimulation of primary mouse Leydig cells does not induce EGF-like ligand expression or require MMP2/9 for steroidogenesis, confirming marked differences in LH receptor-induced processes in the testes. Our results suggest that MMP inhibition may be a means of attenuating excess ovarian steroid production in diseases like polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Light
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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18
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Akcalı A, Bostanci N, Özçaka Ö, Öztürk-Ceyhan B, Gümüş P, Tervahartiala T, Husu H, Buduneli N, Sorsa T, Belibasakis GN. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-8 in saliva and serum in polycystic ovary syndrome and association with gingival inflammation. Innate Immun 2015; 21:619-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915572172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitors of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) in saliva and serum samples of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; n = 80) and matched systemically healthy controls ( n = 45), with varying degrees of gingival inflammation. Salivary levels of MMP-8 and the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly elevated in women with PCOS, who also exhibited more gingivitis than systemically healthy women. No major changes were observed in salivary TIMP-1 levels with regard to PCOS. Serum levels of MMP-8 and the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher in women with PCOS, irrespective of the presence of gingivitis, while there were no differences in TIMP-1 levels. A positive correlation was indicated between probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index and salivary or serum MMP-8 levels or MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio in the case of PCOS, while a negative such correlation was revealed for TIMP-1 in systemically healthy women. Increased levels of MMP-8 in saliva and serum seem to be more pronounced in women with PCOS, and potentiated in the presence of gingival inflammation. Alterations in MMP/TIMP system triggered by local and systemic inflammation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS, or the deterioration of its clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Akcalı
- Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Özgun Özçaka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Öztürk-Ceyhan
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Aydın Government Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Pınar Gümüş
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Husu
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timo Sorsa
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhu G, Jiang Y. Polymorphism, genetic effect and association with egg production traits of chicken matrix metalloproteinases 9 promoter. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:1526-31. [PMID: 25358310 PMCID: PMC4213695 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are key enzymes involved in cell and tissue remodeling during ovarian follicle development and ovulation. The control of MMP9 transcription in ovarian follicles occurs through a core promoter region (−2,400 to −1,700 bp). The aim of this study was to screen genetic variations in the core promoter region and examine MMP9 transcription regulation and reproduction performance. A single cytosine deletion/insertion polymorphism was found at −1954 C+/C−. Genetic association analysis indicated significant correlation between the deletion genotype (C−) with total egg numbers at 28 weeks (p = 0.031). Furthermore, luciferase-reporter assay showed the deletion genotype (C−) had significantly lower promoter activity than the insertion genotype (C+) in primary granulosa cells (p<0.01). Therefore, the identified polymorphism could be used for marker-assisted selection to improve chicken laying performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China ; Department of Biology Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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20
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Light A, Hammes SR. Membrane receptor cross talk in steroidogenesis: recent insights and clinical implications. Steroids 2013; 78:633-8. [PMID: 23380369 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Steroid production by all three major steroidogenic tissues, the adrenals, testes, and ovaries, is critical for survival and reproduction of all animals. As such, the pathways that regulate steroidogenesis are conserved between these tissues, from the steroidogenic enzymes and cofactors that synthesize steroids, to the intracellular signaling molecules and Gαs-coupled receptors that mediate the activity of these enzymes. Recent work has revealed another important conserved pathway in steroidogenesis: crosstalk between membrane G protein-coupled receptors and membrane receptor tyrosine kinases. Luteinizing hormone (LH) or adrencorticotropic hormone (ACTH) binding to their cognate Gαs-coupled membrane receptors in the gonads and adrenals, respectively, leads to cAMP-induced trans-activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, followed by activation of Akt and Erk signaling. These kinase signals then activate Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) protein, which promotes steroid production. Inhibition of this pathway abrogates both LH- and ACTH-induced steroidogenesis. Interestingly, LH-induced transactivation of the EGF receptor in the ovary uniquely requires matrix metalloproteinase-mediated release of EGF receptor ligands, and inhibition of these proteases blocks LH-induced steroidogenesis. Given this unique need for matrix metalloproteinases in ovarian steroidogenesis, MMP inhibition may prove to be useful when treating diseases of excess ovarian steroid production, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Light
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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21
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González F, Kirwan JP, Rote NS, Minium J. Glucose ingestion stimulates atherothrombotic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E375-83. [PMID: 23249695 PMCID: PMC3566504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00491.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have chronic low-grade inflammation that can increase the risk of atherothrombosis. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the effect of glucose ingestion on markers of atherothrombotic inflammation in mononuclear cells (MNC) of 16 women with PCOS (8 lean, 8 obese) and 16 weight-matched controls. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation and the protein content of early growth response-1 (EGR-1), matrix matalloproteinases-2 (MMP2), and tissue factor (TF) were quantified from MNC obtained from blood drawn fasting and 2 h after glucose ingestion. Plasma MMP9 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured from fasting blood samples. Truncal fat was determined by DEXA. Lean women with PCOS exhibited greater AP-1 activation and MMP2 protein content after glucose ingestion and higher plasma MMP9 and CRP levels than lean controls. Obese women with PCOS exhibited greater EGR-1 and TF protein content after glucose ingestion, and plasma CRP levels were even higher compared with lean subjects regardless of PCOS status. Truncal fat correlated with MMP9 and CRP levels and glucose-stimulated increases in AP-1 activation and EGR-1 and TF protein content. Testosterone correlated with glucose-stimulated AP-1 activation, and androstenedione correlated with MMP9 and CRP levels and glucose-stimulated AP-1 activation. Thus, both PCOS and obesity contribute to an atherothrombotic state in which excess abdominal adiposity and hyperandrogenism may be specific risk factors for developing atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank González
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, AOC Rm. 6046, 550 N. Univ. Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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22
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Horka P, Malickova K, Jarosova R, Janatkova I, Zima T, Kalousova M. Matrix metalloproteinases in serum and the follicular fluid of women treated by in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:1207-12. [PMID: 23054355 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in follicular fluids and sera of female patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, and discover the role of MMPs in IVF outcome prediction. METHODS Sera and follicular fluids were obtained from 58 female patients treated for infertility by IVF. Twenty-nine of them became pregnant after the embryo-transfer; another 29 were not successful in IVF and did not conceive. Forty female non-pregnant blood donors and 38 healthy pregnant patients in the first trimester after the physiological conception were examined as control groups. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were quantitively assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IVF females successfully conceiving after the IVF have shown the highest MMP-9 concentrations in sera (833.5 {686.0;958.7} ng/mL) and follicular fluids (9.6 {6.0; 17.0} ng/mL) compared to all other examined cohorts. Different behavior of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during the artificial ovulation was confirmed, because only MMP-9 has shown a vast difference between serum and follicular concentrations. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 could be a good predictor of the successful IVF outcome (pregnancy), which was proven for serum as well as follicular MMP-9 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horka
- General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, U nemocnice 2, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Gomes VA, Vieira CS, Jacob-Ferreira AL, Belo VA, Soares GM, França JB, Ferriani RA, Tanus-Santos JE. Oral contraceptive containing chlormadinone acetate and ethinylestradiol reduces plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:211-6. [PMID: 22510229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical markers of cardiovascular disease, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), are altered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with many of these alterations thought to be due to excess androgen concentrations. Despite oral contraceptives (OCs) being the first-line pharmacological treatment in women with PCOS and the importance of MMPs in many physiological conditions and pathological states, including cardiovascular diseases, no study has yet evaluated whether OCs alter plasma concentrations of MMPs. We therefore assessed whether treatment with an OC containing the anti-androgenic progestogen alters MMP profiles in women with PCOS. We analysed 20 women with PCOS who wanted hormonal contraception (OC-PCOS group), 20 ovulatory women who required hormonal contraception (OC-control group) and 20 ovulatory women who wanted non-hormonal contraception (non-OC-control group). OC consisted of cyclic use of 2 mg chlormadinone acetate/30 μg ethinylestradiol for 6 months. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were measured by gelatin zymography or enzyme-linked immunoassays. OC treatment for 6 months significantly reduced plasma MMP-2 concentrations in the OC-control and OC-PCOS groups and TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 concentrations levels in the OC-control group (all p < 0.05), but had no effects on MMP-9 concentrations or on MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in any group (all p > 0.05). These findings indicated that long-term treatment with an OC containing chlormadinone acetate plus ethinylestradiol reduced plasma MMP-2 concentrations in both healthy and PCOS women. As the latter have imbalances in circulating matrix MMPs, treatment of these women with an OC may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria A Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Gomes VA, Vieira CS, Jacob-Ferreira AL, Belo VA, Soares GM, Fernandes JBF, Ferriani RA, Tanus-Santos JE. Imbalanced circulating matrix metalloproteinases in polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 353:251-7. [PMID: 21437624 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Altered levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may reflect relevant pathogenetic mechanisms of disease conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the plasma levels of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with those found in healthy ovulatory controls and to examine whether the levels of these biomarkers are associated with clinical and biochemical features of this syndrome. Sixty-five healthy ovulatory subjects (controls) and 80 patients with PCOS were include in this study. MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 concentrations were measured in plasma samples by gelatin zymography or enzyme-linked immunoassays. MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels were similar in PCOS patients and in healthy controls (P > 0.05). PCOS patients had lower plasma TIMP-2 levels than healthy controls (P < 0.05). We found higher MMP-2/TIMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in PCOS patients than in healthy controls (all P < 0.05). Testosterone levels correlated positively with the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio and negatively with TIMP-2 levels (r = 0.26, P < 0.01 and r = -0.21, P = 0.02, respectively). In addition, only testosterone was an independent predictor of TIMP-2 levels (estimate = -0.35, P = 0.04) and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio (estimate = 0.01, P = 0.04). We found evidence indicating that the balance between MMPs and TIMPs in women with PCOS is altered, probably due to androgen excess found in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria A Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil
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Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fertil Steril 2010; 95:1048-58.e1-2. [PMID: 21168133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a review and metaanalysis of the studies evaluating the status of serum inflammatory markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Systematic review and metaanalysis of articles published in English before January 2010 and identified using the PubMed search engine. SETTING Academic hospital. PATIENT(S) Women with PCOS and appropriate controls. INTERVENTION(S) Measurement of serum concentrations of inflammatory markers by high-sensitivity techniques. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Metaanalyses of the mean difference in serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations among patients with PCOS and appropriate controls, applying random-effects models to limit interstudy variability, and using appropriate estimates of evidence dissemination bias. RESULT(S) Metaanalysis of the 31 articles meeting inclusion criteria showed that circulating CRP was 96% higher in women with PCOS compared to controls (95% confidence interval, 71%-122%; z = 7.32) without evidence of dissemination bias (Egger's regression intercept, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, -2.30 to 3.21). These findings persisted after excluding five studies with mismatches in body mass, frequency of obesity, or both, between women with PCOS and controls. Metaanalyses involving 10 studies of IL-6, and nine studies of TNF-α revealed no statistically significant differences between PCOS and controls. CONCLUSION(S) Women with PCOS exhibit an elevation in circulating CRP that is independent of obesity. This finding corroborates existing molecular evidence of the chronic low-grade inflammation that may underpin the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Kelly CJ, Stenton SR, Lashen H. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 17:4-16. [PMID: 20634211 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. Putatively, an elevated circulating concentration of insulin inhibits the production of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), thus increasing the level of free IGF-I in serum and stimulating ovarian androgen production. Decreased IGFBP-1 has been reported in PCOS and in obesity; however, there are inconsistencies in the evidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether IGFBP-1 is decreased in PCOS when controlling for the influence of BMI. METHODS Articles published between 1988 and 2008 were searched using MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge. Unpublished literature, trials in progress, and recent reviews were also searched. Original articles were selected by two investigators. To be included, the study must have compared serum IGFBP-1 in two populations: either PCOS versus controls, or an overweight subgroup versus the normal weight subgroup in either population. From 617 identified articles, 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Data were abstracted by two reviewers independently and standardized for errors. RESULTS The population difference is presented as the Weighted Mean Difference (95% CI). PCOS subjects had a significantly lower serum concentrations of IGFBP-1 compared with controls [P< 0.00001; -36.6 (-52.0, -21.2) µg/l]. Overweight PCOS subjects also had lower IGFBP-1 levels compared with normal weight PCOS subjects [P < 0.006; -30.6 (-52.3, -8.8) µg/l]. No significant difference was found between overweight PCOS patients and overweight controls [P = 0.23; -5.1 (-13.5, 3.2) µg/l] or between normal weight PCOS patients and normal weight controls [P = 0.50; -3.8 (-14.9, 7.3) µg/l]. Overweight controls had significantly lower IGFBP-1 concentrations than normal weight controls [P = 0.03; -18.0 (-34.4, - 1.5) µg/l]. CONCLUSION These data indicate that a decreased serum level of IGFBP-1 is unlikely to be a mechanism for ovarian hyperandrogenism in PCOS. BMI may be the major determinant of serum IGFBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kelly
- Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, New Jessop Wing, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
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Memtsas V, Zarros A, Theocharis S. Matrix metalloproteinases in the pathophysiology and progression of gynecological malignancies: could their inhibition be an effective therapeutic approach? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:1105-20. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220903136767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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