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Tuli A, Suresh G, Halder N, Velpandian T. Analysis and remediation of phthalates in aquatic matrices: current perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23408-23434. [PMID: 38456985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are high production volume chemicals used extensively as plasticizers, to increase the flexibility of the main polymer. They are reported to leach into their surroundings from plastic products and are now a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Phthalate levels have been determined in several environmental matrices, especially in water. These levels serve as an indicator of plasticizer abuse and plastic pollution, and also serve as a route of exposure to different species including humans. Reports published on effects of different PAEs on experimental models demonstrate their carcinogenic, teratogenic, reproductive, and endocrine disruptive effects. Therefore, regular monitoring and remediation of environmental water samples is essential to ascertain their hazard quotient and daily exposure levels. This review summarises the extraction and detection techniques available for phthalate analysis in water samples such as chromatography, biosensors, immunoassays, and spectroscopy. Current remediation strategies for phthalate removal such as adsorption, advanced oxidation, and microbial degradation have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Tuli
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Gayatri Suresh
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- High Precision Bio-Analytical Facility (DST-FIST Sponsored), Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Evolution of a natural dihydropteroate synthase and development of a signal amplified fluorescence method for detection of 44 sulfonamides in milk. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1234:340481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hong X, Cui Y, Li M, Xia Y, Du D, Yi C. Butyl Benzyl Phthalate in Urban Sewage by Magnetic-Based Immunoassay: Environmental Levels and Risk Assessment. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 35049672 PMCID: PMC8773763 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic-based immunoassay (MBI) combined with biotin-streptavidin amplification was proposed for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) investigation and risk assessment. The values of LOD (limit of detection, IC10) and IC50 were 0.57 ng/mL and 119.61 ng/mL, with a detection range of 0.57-24,977.71 ng/mL for MBI. The specificity, accuracy and precision are well demonstrated. A total of 36 environmental water samples of urban sewage from Zhenjiang, China, were collected and assessed for BBP contamination. The results show that BBP-positive levels ranged from 2.47 to 89.21 ng/mL, with a positive rate of 77.8%. The health effects of BBP in the urban sewage were within a controllable range, and the ambient severity for health (ASI) was below 1.49. The highest value of AS for ecology (ASII) was 7.43, which indicates a potential harm to ecology. The entropy value of risk quotient was below 100, the highest being 59.47, which poses a low risk to the environment and ecology, indicating that there is a need to strengthen BBP controls. The non-carcinogenic risk of BBP exposure from drinking water was higher for females than that for males, and the non-carcinogenic risk from drinking-water and bathing pathways was negligible. This study could provide an alternative method for detecting BBP and essential information for controlling BBP contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (D.D.)
| | | | | | - Chengwu Yi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.X.); (D.D.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingcui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
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Li M, Cui Y, Liu Z, Xue Y, Zhao R, Li Y, Du D. Sensitive and selective determination of butyl benzyl phthalate from environmental samples using an enzyme immunoassay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:849-857. [PMID: 31412488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased awareness of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) toxicity has given rise to a dramatic increase in concern about the determination of these contaminations in the environment. In this paper, a sensitive, selective and rapid enzyme immunoassay of ELISA based on polyclonal antibody for detecting butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) was developed and applied in the environmental water and soil samples. The hapten of BBP was synthesized, then applied to prepare artificial antigen and produce polyclonal antibody capable of specific recognizing BBP. From the optimal standard curve of ELISA for BBP, the values of LOD (limit of detection, IC10) and IC50 were 2.5 and 79.4 ng/mL, respectively. The ELISA showed high specificity, with the cross-reactivity toward BBP analogs < 9.6%. The satisfactory accuracy and precision were demonstrated by the recoveries of 76-116% and coefficient of variations (CVs) of 4.7-13.7%. Furthermore, BBP contamination was investigated at 3.1-25.2 ng/mL in real water samples and 4.2-76.4 ng/g in real soil samples (with the detection rate of 55% in 20 samples) by the developed ELISA, which also had shown a good correlation with that the results obtained by HPLC. All of this indicated that the developed enzyme immunoassay could be applied for sensitive and selective determination of BBP contamination in the environmental samples. Furthermore, the strategy of BBP hapten synthesis and an alternative method of BBP determination could be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yin Cui
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yonglai Xue
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Rujin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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Cui X, Wu P, Lai D, Zheng S, Chen Y, Eremin SA, Peng W, Zhao S. Development of a Highly Specific Fluorescence Immunoassay for Detection of Diisobutyl Phthalate in Edible Oil Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9372-9378. [PMID: 26449794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) hapten containing an amino group was synthesized successfully, and the polyclonal antibody against 4-amino phthalate-bovine serum albumin (BSA) was developed. On the basis of the polyclonal antibody, a rapid and sensitive indirect competitive fluorescence immunoassay (icFIA) has been established to detect DiBP in edible oil samples for the first time. Under the optimized conditions, the quantitative working range of the icFIA was from 10.47 to 357.06 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.991), exhibiting a detection limit of 5.82 ng/mL. In this assay, the specific results showed that other similar phthalates did not significantly interfere with the analysis, with the cross-reactivity less than 1.5%, except for that of DiBAP. Thereafter, DiBP contamination in edible oil samples was detected by icFIA, with the recovery being from 79 to 103%. Furthermore, the reliability of icFIA was validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Therefore, the developed icFIA is suitable for monitoring DiBP in some edible oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwu Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergei A Eremin
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov State University , Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Tian X, Dong Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Meng M, Eremin SA, Deng C, Yin Y, Xi R. Quantification of Diethyl Phthalate by a Rapid and Homogenous Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1060600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Indirect Competitive Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay Method for Determination of Dimethyl Phthalate in Soy Sauce and Liquor. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sun R, Zhuang H. Development of a highly sensitive biotin–streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting diethyl phthalate based on a specific polyclonal antibody. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1027666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Sun RY, Zhuang HS. An indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in milk and milk products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:275-284. [PMID: 25714459 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.999601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
After the "plasticizer event" in Taiwan, phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have been listed in "Inedible materials possibly added into food illegally" and "Commonly abused food additives." As one of the PAEs family, DMP has long been a problem of great concern due to its potential impacts on human health. In order to detect DMP with high sensitivity and specificity, a sensitive indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) has been established in this study. A high-titer rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb-DMP) targeting DMP was obtained, and the procedures of BA-ELISA were optimized for the determination of DMP in milk and milk products. Under optimal conditions, good linearity was achieved within a range of 0.024 to 6.027 μg L(-1), with low cross-reactivity values for DMP structural analogues (lower than 10%). The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.356 μg L(-1) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0082 μg L(-1). Finally, the concentrations of DMP in milk and milk products ranged from 1.03 μg kg(-1) to 7.23 μg kg(-1) by BA-ELISA. Satisfactory recoveries (90.26-112.38%) and coefficient of variation (CV) values (5.08-8.46%) were obtained. These results were consistent with those using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which further confirmed that the proposed BA-ELISA was accurate, specific, reliable and rapid for routine monitoring trace DMP residues in foodstuff, especially milk and milk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Y Sun
- a School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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Biotin–streptavidin-amplified real-time immune-PCR assay for detecting dimethyl phthalate in beverage and drinking water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1261-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu F, Wang W, Jiang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, Guo P, Sun S, Ding S. Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate in White Wine, Compared With GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dibutyl phthalate in liquor. SENSORS 2013; 13:8331-9. [PMID: 23807690 PMCID: PMC3758596 DOI: 10.3390/s130708331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was prepared based on a hapten (di-n-butyl-4-aminophthalate). After optimizing various parameters such as concentrations of antibody, coating antigen and composition of the assay buffer, an inhibition curve was plotted with the 50% inhibition concentration value (IC50) 33.6 ± 2.5 ng/mL. A low level of cross-reactivity (<5%) was found for other phthalate esters. Recovery tests were conducted using liquor simulant (a mixture of water and ethanol) at two fortification levels (100 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL). The recovery rates ranged from 84.7% to 94.5% with a coefficient of variation between 7.1% and 12.8%. Nine liquor samples of different alcoholic strengths were detected using the proposed measure and confirmatory analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). The detection results showed good consistency between the two measures and all the data above indicated that the proposed ELISA could be applied in DBP screening.
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu S, Cong Y, Liu B, Wang L. A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of dipropyl phthalate in plastic food contact materials. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2012.670615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Yu X, Hu Y, Liu S. Rapid monitoring of dicyclohexyl phthalate in foods using the direct competitive ELISA. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.768964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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A Highly Sensitive Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ic-ELISA) by Antigen Coating for Diethyl Phthalate Analysis in Foods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Rapid Monitoring of Dipropyl Phthalate in Food Samples Using a Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhang M, Liu S, Zhuang H, Hu Y. Determination of dimethyl phthalate in environment water samples by a highly sensitive indirect competitive ELISA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:436-45. [PMID: 22081328 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent controversy over the discovery of clouding agents containing the banned chemical di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in beverages in 2011 in Taiwan has caused public concerns. For the detection of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in environment water samples, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed in this paper. Dimethyl 4-aminophthalate (4-DMAP) was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin as immunogen by a diazotization method. The conjugation of DMAP and ovalbumin as coating antigen was obtained in the same way. Polyclonal antibody was obtained from New Zealand white rabbits. Under the optimized conditions, DMP was detected in the concentration range of 0.02-419 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of river water, lake water, and rain water samples. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.6% to 105.5%. The cross-reactivities of the anti-DMP antibody to seven structurally related phthalate esters were below 10%. The data demonstrated that the ic-ELISA method described in our study is a simple, sensitive, and specific method and showed that this assay is a reliable tool to detect DMP in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Anhui Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
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