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Giordano F, Lipscomb S, Jefferies P, Kwon KA, Giammarchi M. Resilience processes among Ukrainian youth preparing to build resilience with peers during the Ukraine-Russia war. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1331886. [PMID: 38445056 PMCID: PMC10913279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1331886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The war in Ukraine significantly impacts the mental health and well-being of its youth. Like other communities affected by war, Ukraine's youth are at risk of developing psychopathological symptoms, and there is a shortage of mental health and psychosocial support services to address this. Resilience-building initiatives present an alternative approach to supporting the well-being of young people by promoting protective processes to enhance the likelihood of positive development in the context of adversity. Emerging research findings suggest that young people themselves can serve as powerful facilitators of such initiatives with one another. Yet, evidence about culturally and contextually relevant protective processes is needed to guide such interventions, especially among young people experiencing the war and working to boost resilience within their communities. In this study, we identified key protective processes Ukrainian youth depend on as they adapt to the conflict while also preparing to implement a resilience-building intervention as a facilitator. Through thematic analysis of transcripts of three training sessions with Ukrainian youth (n = 15, 100% female; aged 18-22), we identified the following themes: positive thinking, sense of control, emotion awareness and regulation, close personal relationships, and community support. Findings also highlighted the cultural and contextual nuance of these protective processes, as well as individual differences in the ways they co-occurred and manifested within each youth. Results have implications for developing tailored yet flexible resilience-building interventions that can be delivered by lay people, including youth with their peers, in Ukraine and other cultures and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giordano
- Resilience Research Unit, C.R.I.d.e.e., Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Shannon Lipscomb
- Human Development and Family Sciences, College of Health, Oregon State University—Cascades, Bend, OR, United States
| | - Philip Jefferies
- Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kyong-Ah Kwon
- Instructional Leadership and Academic Curriculum, Jeannine Rainbolt College of Education, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Marianna Giammarchi
- Resilience Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Lorestani RC, Rostamian M, Akya A, Rezaeian S, Afsharian M, Habibi R, Bozorgomid A, Kazemisafa N, Jafari S, Yeilaghi S, Salehi MM, Namdari H, Ghadiri K. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Kermanshah, west of Iran from 2014 to 2021. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:29. [PMID: 36653794 PMCID: PMC9850679 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the HIV-PMTCT program in Kermanshah, west of Iran, from 2014 to 2021. METHODS The data of all HIV-infected mothers and their infants who were monitored by the Kermanshah behavioral diseases counseling center was extracted and recorded in a checklist. RESULTS Out of 95 included infant, 45 (47.4%) were girls and 50 (52.6%) were boys. The mothers were mostly infected with HIV via their infected spouse. The pregnancies of 77 cases (82.1%) were in accordance with the national guideline. The average length of treatment for this group was 185 days. Of the 18 mothers who did not receive treatment, nine were diagnosed during childbirth and nine had no available information. All infants born from infected mothers underwent after-birth-antiretroviral prophylaxis, and all remained healthy. There was no statistically significant relationship between the birth weight and height of neonates with maternal age, maternal last viral load, disease stage, education, and maternal CD4 levels. Only a statistically significant relationship was observed between the duration of treatment and the infants' weight. CONCLUSION The results suggest the feasibility and effectiveness of the PMTCT program for HIV-positive mothers in Kermanshah. It seems that if pregnant HIV-positive women are diagnosed early and covered by a good prevention program on time, the risk of HIV to their babies will be reduced, significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Chegene Lorestani
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alisha Akya
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mandana Afsharian
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Habibi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Clinical Research Development Center, Dr. Kermanshahi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Kazemisafa
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jafari
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soliman Yeilaghi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ,grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Expert Advice Center for Behavioral Diseases, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mansour Mohammad Salehi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Expert Advice Center for Behavioral Diseases, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hiva Namdari
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Expert Advice Center for Behavioral Diseases, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Deleuil S, Mussap AJ. Evaluating an online self-distancing intervention to promote emotional regulation and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:18-37. [PMID: 36469741 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2150177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three online studies were conducted to elucidate the role of emotional regulation (ER) in posttraumatic growth (PTG), evaluate the ability of an online self-distancing intervention to achieve ER, and test whether increasing the use of ER strategies promotes PTG. DESIGN Cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal randomized controlled trials (RCT) (Studies 2 and 3). METHOD In Study 1, 626 adults completed measures of ER, PTG, and psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 2, 149 adults participated in a five-week RCT comparing self-immersed, spatially self-distanced, and temporally self-distanced reflection in their ability to regulate negative affect. In Study 3, 117 adults replicated the RCT of Study 2 and completed the measures from Study 1 a week pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Path analyses confirmed that ER strategies were relevant to COVID-19-related PTG. MANOVAs revealed that self-distancing was effective in regulating state negative affect. However, ANOVAs suggest that this was not due to increased use of ER strategies and did not improve PTG or psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS These findings support further research into the relevance of ER to PTG, and provide a foundation to understand PTG and develop PTG-promoting interventions within a broader stress-coping framework.
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Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Chasson M, Horowitz E, Azuri J, Davidi O. Personal growth in early pregnancy: the role of perceived stress and emotion regulation. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2022; 40:550-562. [PMID: 33970716 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1925096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coping with the stress aroused by early pregnancy can not only result in distress, but may constitute an opportunity to experience personal growth. Relying on the model of posttraumatic growth, this study examined the contribution of perceived stress and emotion regulation to women's personal growth during the first trimester of pregnancy. METHOD A convenience sample of Israeli women (n=170), who were during their first trimester of pregnancy (up to 13 weeks), over 18 years old, and capable to completing the instruments in Hebrew, were recruited through a women's health clinic and through social media during the years 2017-2019. RESULTS The findings indicate that primiparous mothers report higher personal growth than multiparous. In addition, younger age, being primiparous, and higher cognitive-reappraisal contributed to greater personal growth. Moreover, a curvilinear association was found between perceived stress and personal growth, so that a medium level of stress was associated with the highest level of growth. Finally, cognitive-reappraisal fully mediated the relationship between perceived stress and personal growth. CONCLUSIONS The findings add to the growing body of knowledge concerning the implications of early pregnancy in general, and personal growth as a result of dealing with the stress typical of this period in particular and highlight the role of the perceived stress as well as the woman's personal characteristics and resources that contribute to this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eran Horowitz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel
| | - Joseph Azuri
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel
| | - Ofer Davidi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Qur'aniati N, Sweet L, De Bellis A, Hutton A. 'Diagnosis, disclosure and stigma: The perspectives of Indonesian children with HIV and their families'. J Child Health Care 2022:13674935221136229. [PMID: 36315215 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221136229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This grounded theory study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of children living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from the perspective of children and their families in Indonesia. Twenty participants were interviewed, consisting of 12 children aged 9-18 years and eight family members. Using grounded theory analysis, this study identified three categories: 'coping with diagnosis', 'disclosing their status' and 'living with the stigma of HIV'. Participants responded with shock, denial, sadness, secrecy and often had misconceptions about the virus to the diagnosis of themselves or their children. After diagnosis, children with HIV and their families continuously lived with stigma stemming from individual and societal beliefs about the virus. This stigma manifested in actions such as isolation, disclosure avoidance, secrecy, deception and social rejection. Because of these stigmatisations, many of the participants decided not to disclose the child's HIV status and used status strategies such as telling lies, keeping secrets and keeping their distance. The participants offered insight into the need for comprehensive programs to address care gaps. This study highlights that health professionals need to develop practical guidelines to support families during the disclosure process, provide psychosocial care for children, and create stigma reduction interventions for children with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzul Qur'aniati
- Faculty of Nursing, 356774Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Linda Sweet
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, 110580Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research, Western Health Partnership, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Anita De Bellis
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, 1065Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alison Hutton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, 5982The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Zhang Y, Wan J, Ji L, Liu G, Shi Y, Zhao J, Li X. Does HIV-Related Stigma Depress Social Well-Being of Youths Affected by Parental HIV/AIDS? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898543. [PMID: 35815026 PMCID: PMC9260187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental illness or death due to HIV/AIDS has long-term impacts on children's social well-being, potentially challenging the children's basic developmental needs and future. Based on the theoretical model of social well-being, the present study tested a moderated mediation model that HIV-related stigma moderated the mediating role of social trust on the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and social well-being. A sample of 297 youths aged 20-30 years affected by parental HIV/AIDS (57.2% male), including 129 (43.40%) AIDS orphans and 168 vulnerable youths (56.60%) completed questionnaires of perceived social support, social well-being, social trust, and HIV-related stigma. IBM SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Results showed that the mean score of PSS was 61.34 (SD = 13.99), social well-being was 57.33 (SD = 10.15), social trust was 56.21 (SD = 11.55), perceived stigma was 64.44 (SD = 16.72), and enacted stigma was 21.91 (SD = 9.73) among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS and the PSS could predict increasing social well-being via increasing social trust. Moreover, the positive influence of PSS on social trust was moderated by the enacted stigma (p = 0.03), in which the positive influence was stronger among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS who perceived or experienced low enacted stigma than those who perceived or experienced high enacted stigma. The positive impact of social trust on social well-being was moderated by perceived stigma (p = 0.04), in which the positive impact was more significant among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS who perceived or experienced high perceived stigma than those who perceived or experienced low perceived stigma. These findings explained how and when the PSS affected social well-being and contributed toward an understanding of the experiences and perceptions of HIV-related stigma among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS. This understanding may inform future research and policies toward improving the social well-being of youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS. The study also highlighted the importance of strengthening interventions on social relations and reducing HIV-related stigma for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wan
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Ji
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gaigai Liu
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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7
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Yassin Z, Erasmus C, Frantz J. A model to understand HIV-related stigma and the psychosocial well-being of children orphaned by AIDS: a theory generative approach. SAHARA J 2021; 18:131-148. [PMID: 34654354 PMCID: PMC8525949 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2021.1989023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-related stigma has negatively impacted the psychosocial well-being of children who have been orphaned by AIDS-related causes. Response to reducing stigma and ensuring child well-being is hindered by the limited understanding of HIV-related stigma and how it affects the psychosocial well-being of children. Due to the call for a comprehensive understanding of HIV-related stigma, this study aimed to develop a model to understand the manner in which HIV-related stigma affects the psychosocial well-being of children orphaned by AIDS. The study implemented a mixed method, exploratory, sequential design within a theory generative approach that included concept development, statement development, model description, and model evaluation. The developed model indicated that HIV-related stigma is embedded in social interaction and mediated by children orphaned by AIDS response to stigma. HIV-related stigma and maladaptive coping strategies collectively affect several domains of child psychosocial well-being and elevate psychosocial distress. This is the first model to provide a child-centred understanding of HIV-related stigma and its consequences for psychosocial well-being. The model may be used to guide future research and inform the development of appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yassin
- Child and Family Studies, Department of Social Work, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C. Erasmus
- Child and Family Studies, Department of Social Work, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J. Frantz
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Henson C, Truchot D, Canevello A. What promotes post traumatic growth? A systematic review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2020.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Yang H, Li J, Qiu X, Zheng Y, Song X. Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between college students’ perceived social support and social anxiety. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.1959906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junqing Li
- Department of Physical Education Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Jing F, Zhang Q, Tang W, Wang JZ, Lau JTF, Li X. Reconstructing the social network of HIV key populations from locally observed information. AIDS Care 2021:1-8. [PMID: 33565316 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1883514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional surveys only provide local observations about the topological structure of isolated individuals. This study aims to develop a novel data-driven approach to reconstructing the social network of men who have sex with men (MSM) communities from locally observed information by surveys. A large social network consisting of 1075 users and their public relationships was obtained manually from BlueD.com. We followed the same survey-taking procedure to sample locally observed information and adapted an Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) to model the full structure of the BlueD social network (number of local nodes N = 1075, observed average degree k = 6.46). The parameters were learned and then used to reconstruct the MSM social networks by two real-world survey datasets in Hong Kong (N = 600, k = 5.61) and Guangzhou (N = 757, k = 5). Our method performed well on reconstructing the BlueD social network, with a high accuracy (90.3%). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using parameters learning methods to reconstruct the social networks of HIV key populations. The method has the potential to inform data-driven intervention programs that need global social network structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshi Jing
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingpeng Zhang
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Johnson Zixin Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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11
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Domlyn AM, Jiang Y, Harrison S, Qiao S, Li X. Stigma and psychosocial wellbeing among children affected by parental HIV in China. AIDS Care 2019; 32:500-507. [PMID: 31690083 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1687834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parental HIV infection presents unique psychosocial challenges for families. Affected children are vulnerable to stigma-related distress from a parent's HIV status and are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and low self-esteem than unaffected peers. This study examined whether HIV-related stigma predicted poorer mental health among children affected by parental HIV and whether psychosocial assets mediated this relationship. METHODS A sample of 790 children (ages 6-17) affected by parental HIV in Henan, China reported on HIV-related stigma, social support, emotional regulation, future outlook, and mental health symptoms. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of stigma on mental health. RESULTS Results indicated that stigma was associated with psychosocial resources, which in turn were associated with mental health symptoms. The indirect pathways from stigma to mental health symptoms through psychosocial resources were consistent across age and gender. CONCLUSION The experience of HIV-related stigma was associated with poorer overall mental health among children affected by parental HIV in China. Children's psychosocial resources, including social support, emotional regulation, and future outlook, mediated the relationship between HIV-related stigma and mental health symptoms. Future interventions may wish to target these modifiable aspects of wellbeing to improve social and behavioral outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Domlyn
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Yanping Jiang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sayward Harrison
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Shan Qiao
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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12
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Li B, Tang LY, Wang ZQ, Gao S, Wu YT, Xu HL, Ma YZ. Growth of HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers in Guangdong, China: an 18-month longitudinal follow-up study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:374. [PMID: 31647006 PMCID: PMC6806490 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the early growth (weight and length) of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children from the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) program in Guangdong Province, China. Methods A total of 731 HEU children were longitudinally followed up at 7 time points, with anthropometric measurement conducted of weight and length (supine) in the first 18 months. Z scores were calculated, with and without adjustment for gestational age. Results A total of 708 HEU children were included in the final follow-up cohort, and 105 (14.83%) children completed all 7 follow-up visits. The mean of adjusted weight-for-age Z scores in these children was above zero and showed a decreasing trend in 18 months. The mean of adjusted length-for-age Z scores showed a decreasing trend and was above zero in the first 12 months; this declined to under zero at age 18 months. The proportion of underweight was 0.28–2.19% and that of stunting was 0.71–4.63% at each follow-up month-age. Slower growth in HEU children was associated with no sustained food subside after 6 month, mothers’ hemoglobin content less than 100 g/L during pregnancy, preterm birth, and low birth weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions HEU children could catch up to WHO growth standards in first 18 months in Guangdong; however, growth declined after 12 months, and these children need sustained nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liu-Ying Tang
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Tao Wu
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Li Xu
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Ma
- Department of Healthcare, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521, XingNan Road, Guangzhou, 511442, Guangdong, China
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13
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Ifeagwazi CM, Nwokpoku EE, Chukwuorji JC, Eze JE, Abiama EE. Somatic symptoms among prison inmates: contributions of emotion regulation, dispositional mindfulness, and duration of stay in prison. Int J Prison Health 2019; 16:151-164. [PMID: 32167692 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-02-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The modern prison system is not only a necessity to keep the public safe but also a mode of punishment for crimes. The correctional role of prisons is hampered in situations of mental illness, given that mental illness in the prison or correctional setting is a serious security risk. Few studies have given attention to the modifiable factors that may influence the mental health status of prison inmates, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to investigate emotion regulation (ER), dispositional mindfulness and duration of stay as factors in somatic symptoms among prison inmates. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Participants were 209 prison inmates drawn from a prison in Eastern Nigeria, who completed measures of ER (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), mindfulness and somatization. FINDINGS Results of a hierarchical multiple regression indicated that cognitive reappraisal predicted somatic complaints but it was only among older prison inmates, while expressive suppression was not a significant predictor of somatic complaints. Dispositional mindfulness was a negative predictor of somatic complaints among younger and older prison inmates. Duration of stay in prison positively predicted somatic complaints among prison inmates in emerging adulthood only (younger inmates), but not among older inmates. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Frequent use of cognitive reappraisal strategy of ER by prisoners may not always be productive in reducing somatic complaints, and the length of time in prison may influence somatic symptoms especially for younger prisoners. The possible benefits of incorporating mindfulness-based therapies in psychosocial interventions to reduce somatic complaints in correctional settings deserves further investigation. ORIGINALITY/VALUE To date, there is limited research on somatic complaints of prisoners in the developing societies, particularly the psychosocial factors that may contribute to mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John E Eze
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Anderson JD, Li X, Qiao S, Zhou Y, Shen Z. The mediating effects of functions of social support on HIV-related trauma and health-related quality of life for PLHIV in China. AIDS Care 2019; 32:673-680. [PMID: 31174430 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1622633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of social support as a buffer between traumatic life events and HRQOL. We hypothesized that social support would mediate the effect of traumatic life events on HRQOL. A total of 2987 PLHIV participated in this study. The sample included 1876 (62.8%) males, and 1111 (37.2%) females. Data were collected using survey instruments measuring exposure to traumatic life events, functions of social support and HRQOL. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) produced a chi-square (χ2 = 486.63, df = 32, p < .001) along with other goodness of fit indices such as CFI/TLI = .958/.941 and RMSEA = .069 (90%CI: .064, .074). Structural coefficients for traumatic life events, functions of social support, and HRQOL were statistically significant (≤.05). Crisis was the strongest predictor of traumatic life events, emotional support was the strongest predictor of functions of social support, and health distress was the strongest indicator of HRQOL. Traumatic life events had a significant direct effect on HRQOL. For PLHIV, experiencing a financial crisis associated with loss and/ or difficulty finding employment and enacted stigma were experienced as traumatic life events. Emotional support, described as having supportive interpersonal relationships, was identified as essential for HRQOL. Implications for interventions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joi D Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yuejiao Zhou
- Department of HIV/STD Prevention, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of HIV/STD Prevention, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Posttraumatic growth after a diagnosis of HIV is positively associated with adjustment, yet stigma and disclosure regret are negatively associated with adjustment. Research into whether posttraumatic growth is experienced while perceiving stigma and disclosure regret is still growing. This study aimed to determine whether posttraumatic growth maintains a positive relation with life satisfaction after controlling for disclosure regret and perceived stigma. Using a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire measuring life satisfaction, health status, depression, posttraumatic growth, disease severity, perceived stigma, disclosure regret, and demographical information was completed by 73 people living with HIV (PLWH). Results showed that all participants had disclosed to at least one person. Regression results showed that after controlling for other variables, including stigma and disclosure regret, posttraumatic growth was positively associated with life satisfaction. The importance of the relation of posttraumatic growth with subjective measures of adjustment may be important for interventions aimed at supporting PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Dibb
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
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Jayawickreme E, Rivers J, Rauthmann JM. Do We Know How Adversity Impacts Human Development? RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Wang W, Xiao C, Yao X, Yang Y, Yan H, Li S. Psychosocial health and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-sectional study in Nanjing, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192940. [PMID: 29470532 PMCID: PMC5823403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious cause of mortality worldwide and is considered as a psychiatric emergency. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have higher rates of suicidal behavior than the general population. This study assessed the prevalence and verified the syndemic effect of psychosocial health conditions on suicidal ideation among PLWHA in China. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2016 in Nanjing, China, using a self-report questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics, infection status, psychosocial variables and suicide ideation reports of participants were collected. Logistic regressions were used to identify potential factors associated with suicidal ideation and to verify the syndemic effect of psychosocial factors. Additionally, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed. Results In total, four hundred sixty-five PLWHA participated, 31.6% (n = 147) of whom had suicidal ideation. The results from univariate analysis showed that older age, low education level, being married, having children, and psychosocial variables (high perceived stigma, depression, low self-esteem, social support and resilience) were significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation. Multiple logistic regression models revealed that depression (OR = 2.70, 95%CI = 1.62–4.51), perceived stigma (OR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.17–3.32), and low social support (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.08–3.20) and self-esteem (OR = 4.11, 95%CI = 2.06–8.16) were statistically significant. PLWHA with at least two psychosocial health problems were nearly 5 times more likely (OR = 4.72, 95% CI 3.11–7.17) to have had suicidal ideation. Conclusions Suicidal ideation is frequent among PLWHA in China and is consistent with prevalence estimates from abroad. Psychosocial health problems were the determining factors associated with suicidal ideation, and a syndemic effect of psychosocial health conditions was confirmed in predicting suicidal ideation. Therefore, early screening of high-risk groups for suicidal ideation and more psychosocial health care among PLWHA are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Chenchang Xiao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology City College, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xing Yao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yinmei Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Affective emotion increases heart rate variability and activates left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in post-traumatic growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16667. [PMID: 29192184 PMCID: PMC5709461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the activities of heart rate variability (HRV) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in response to the presentation of affective pictures correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adults exposed to the Tianjin explosion incident. The participants who were directly involved in the Tianjin explosions were divided into control, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTG group according to the scores of PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version and PTG Inventory survey. All participants received exposure to affective images. Electrocardiogram recording took place during the process for the purpose of analyzing HRV. Meanwhile, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure DLPFC activity through hemodynamic response. Our results indicated that, while performing the negative and positive picture stimulating, PTG increased both in low and high frequency components of HRV compared with the control group, but PTSD was not observed in this phenomenon. Moreover, the fNIRS data revealed that PTG had an increased activation in the left DLPFC compared to the control in the condition of negative pictures stimulating, wheras PTSD showed a higher activation in the right DLPFC while receiving positive pictures stimulating. To our knowledge, this is the first study which provides the differences between PTSD and PTG in emotional regulation.
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Zhou X, Wu X, Zhen R. Self-esteem and hope mediate the relations between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder and growth in adolescents following the Ya’an earthquake. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2017; 31:32-45. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2017.1374376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xinchun Wu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhen
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Social support, stress coping strategies, resilience and posttraumatic growth in a Polish sample of HIV-infected individuals: results of a 1 year longitudinal study. J Behav Med 2017; 40:942-954. [PMID: 28560605 PMCID: PMC5681612 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the level of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its association with the level of social support, stress coping strategies and resilience among a people living with HIV (PLWH) in a 1 year longitudinal study. We also controlled for age, HIV infection duration and the presence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). From the 290 participants, initially eligible for the study, 110 patients were recruited for the first assessment and 73 patients participated in a follow-up assessment. Participants filled out following psychometric tools: the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), the Mini-COPE Inventory, the Resiliency Assessment Scale (SPP-25) and the PTSD-F questionnaire. Received support and resilience were positively, whereas return to religion as coping strategy was negatively related to the PTG. Clinicians and researchers need to focus on potentially positive consequences of HIV infection, i.e. PTG, and factors that might promote it among PLWH.
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