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Zhang Y, Wan J, Ji L, Liu G, Shi Y, Zhao J, Li X. Does HIV-Related Stigma Depress Social Well-Being of Youths Affected by Parental HIV/AIDS? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898543. [PMID: 35815026 PMCID: PMC9260187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental illness or death due to HIV/AIDS has long-term impacts on children's social well-being, potentially challenging the children's basic developmental needs and future. Based on the theoretical model of social well-being, the present study tested a moderated mediation model that HIV-related stigma moderated the mediating role of social trust on the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and social well-being. A sample of 297 youths aged 20-30 years affected by parental HIV/AIDS (57.2% male), including 129 (43.40%) AIDS orphans and 168 vulnerable youths (56.60%) completed questionnaires of perceived social support, social well-being, social trust, and HIV-related stigma. IBM SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Results showed that the mean score of PSS was 61.34 (SD = 13.99), social well-being was 57.33 (SD = 10.15), social trust was 56.21 (SD = 11.55), perceived stigma was 64.44 (SD = 16.72), and enacted stigma was 21.91 (SD = 9.73) among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS and the PSS could predict increasing social well-being via increasing social trust. Moreover, the positive influence of PSS on social trust was moderated by the enacted stigma (p = 0.03), in which the positive influence was stronger among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS who perceived or experienced low enacted stigma than those who perceived or experienced high enacted stigma. The positive impact of social trust on social well-being was moderated by perceived stigma (p = 0.04), in which the positive impact was more significant among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS who perceived or experienced high perceived stigma than those who perceived or experienced low perceived stigma. These findings explained how and when the PSS affected social well-being and contributed toward an understanding of the experiences and perceptions of HIV-related stigma among youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS. This understanding may inform future research and policies toward improving the social well-being of youths affected by parental HIV/AIDS. The study also highlighted the importance of strengthening interventions on social relations and reducing HIV-related stigma for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wan
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Ji
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Gaigai Liu
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- School of Psychology, Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Chen X, Huang C, Wang H, Wang W, Ni X, Li Y. Negative Emotion Arousal and Altruism Promoting of Online Public Stigmatization on COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:652140. [PMID: 34122237 PMCID: PMC8187574 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 is a public health crisis that has had a profound impact on society. Stigma is a common phenomenon in the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases. In the crisis caused by the pandemic, widespread public stigma has influenced social groups. This study explores the negative emotions arousal effect from online public stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on social cooperation. We constructed a model based on the literature and tested it on a sample of 313 participants from the group being stigmatized. The results demonstrate: (1) relevance and stigma perception promote negative emotions, including anxiety, anger, and grief; (2) the arousal of anger and grief leads to a rise in the altruistic tendency within the stigmatized group; and (3) stigmatization-induced negative emotions have a complete mediating effect between perceived relevance and altruistic tendency, as well as perceived stigma and altruistic tendency. For a country and nation, external stigma will promote the group becoming more united and mutual help. One wish to pass the buck but end up helping others unintentionally. We should not simply blame others, including countries, regions, and groups under the outbreak of COVID-19, and everyone should be cautious with the words and actions in the Internet public sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Business Administration and Tourism Management, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chenli Huang
- School of Business Administration and Tourism Management, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- School of Business Administration and Tourism Management, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Business Administration and Tourism Management, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangli Ni
- School of Business Administration and Tourism Management, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Business Administration and Tourism Management, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Zhao J, Wang Q, Xue X. The longitudinal associations among perceived discrimination, social initiative, and depressive symptoms in Chinese rural left-behind adolescents. J Adolesc 2020; 81:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu G, Teng X, Zhu D. Effect of Self-Esteem and Parents' Psychological Control on the Relationship Between Teacher Support and Chinese Migrant Children's Academic Achievement: A Moderated Mediation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2342. [PMID: 31736816 PMCID: PMC6839426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Ecological Systems Theory (EST), this study attempted to examine the relationship between teacher support and Chinese migrant children's academic achievement as well as the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of parents' psychological control. An opt-in consent procedure was employed and participation rates were 85%. Finally, six hundred and one migrant children participated in the study in spring and completed self-report questionnaires concerning teacher support, self-esteem and parents' psychological control. Teacher support was measured by Teacher Behavior Questionnaire, self-esteem by Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, and parents' psychological control by 18 items from prior research. And students' final academic performance of the semester was provided by the dean office. Results indicated that self-esteem (positive self-esteem/self-deprecation) mediated the positive relationship between teacher support and academic achievement. Parents' psychological control moderated the relationship between teacher support and self-deprecation. Furthermore, parents' psychological control moderated the mediating effect of self-deprecation on teacher support-academic achievement relationship, such that the mediating effect was positive when the level of psychological control was high while the mediating effect was not significant when psychological control was low. Parents' psychological control neither moderate teacher support - positive self-esteem link nor the mediating effect. The findings are consistent with SDT and EST, and have both culturally specific and universal meanings. The implications of the study for promoting Chinese migrant children's academic achievement are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Liu
- Department of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuqin Teng
- Department of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongchun Zhu
- Shandong Dongheng Colloidal Material Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
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Zhu Z, Hu Y, Xing W, Guo M, Wu B. Perceived discrimination and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults living with HIV in China. AIDS Care 2019; 31:1061-1068. [PMID: 30943753 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1601674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Middle-aged and older adults with HIV experience double discrimination and cognitive impairment due to both their HIV status and their age. However, the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-reported cognitive ability in middle-aged and older people living with HIV (PLWH) is less clear. We measured self-reported perceived discrimination and cognitive ability using the Expanded Everyday Discrimination Scale and the subscale of the AIDS Health Assessment Questionnaire (AIDS-HAQ). The study sample included 324 middle-aged and older PLWH (over 45 years old) from five designated HIV hospitals in three regions (east coast, middle, and southwest regions) of China. The descriptive analysis showed that 45.37% of the participants reported perceiving discrimination at least once in the past twelve months, and 47.22% reported having at least one type of cognitive impairment. Multiple linear regression results showed that higher levels of perceived discrimination (β = -0.121, P = 0.036) were significantly associated with lower levels of self-reported cognitive ability after controlling for several covariates, including sociodemographic variables, mental health status, health behaviors, and social support. A longer duration of HIV was also related to a lower level of self-reported cognitive ability. Our findings indicate that perceived discrimination is related to self-reported cognitive ability and suggest that counseling services and support systems should be developed to reduce age- and disease-associated discrimination. A reduction in perceived discrimination would improve not only overall wellbeing but also cognitive ability in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- a Fudan University School of Nursing , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,b A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence , Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- a Fudan University School of Nursing , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,b A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence , Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Xing
- a Fudan University School of Nursing , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,b A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence , Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Guo
- c School of public affairs, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wu
- d NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing , New York , USA
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Durteste M, Kyselyova G, Volokha A, Judd A, Thorne C, Cortina-Borja M, Malyuta R, Martsynovska V, Nizova N, Bailey H. Anxiety symptoms and felt stigma among young people living with perinatally or behaviourally-acquired HIV in Ukraine: A cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210412. [PMID: 30677778 PMCID: PMC6345580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ukraine has the second largest European HIV epidemic. This study aimed to describe stigma, demographic and social factors and their association with anxiety among perinatally and behaviourally-HIV-infected (PHIV; BHIV) young people in Kiev and Odessa. METHODS 104 PHIV and 100 BHIV young people aged 13-25 years completed a confidential tablet-based survey. Survey tools included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (anxiety sub-scale scores of 8-10 indicating mild and ≥11 moderate/severe symptoms in last 7 days), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and HIV Stigma Scale (HSS) (short version, composite of disclosure, negative self-image and public attitudes sub-scales). Unadjusted Poisson regression models were fitted to explore factors associated with moderate/severe anxiety symptoms. RESULTS PHIV and BHIV young people were of median age 15.5 [IQR 13.9-17.1] and 23.0 [21.0-24.3] years, having registered for HIV care a median 12.3 [10.3-14.4] and 0.9 [0.2-2.4] years previously; 97% (97/100) and 66% (65/99) respectively were on ART. Overall 43% (95%CI 36-50%) reported any and 13% (95%CI 9-19%) moderate/severe anxiety symptoms, with no difference by HIV acquisition mode (p = 0.405) or gender (p = 0.700). 42% (75/180) reported history of an emotional health problem for which they had not been referred/attended for care. Moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with HIV-related stigma (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.24 95%CI 1.14-1.34 per HSS unit increase), lower self-esteem (PR 0.83 95%CI 0.78-0.90 per RSES point increase), CD4 ≤350 cells/mm3 (PR 2.29 95%CI 1.06-4.97), having no-one at home who knew the respondent's HIV status (PR 9.15 95%CI 3.40-24.66 vs all know) and, among BHIV, less stable living situation (PR 6.83 95%CI 1.99-23.48 for ≥2 vs no home moves in last 3 years) and history of drug use (PR 4.65 95%CI 1.83-11.85). CONCLUSIONS Results indicated unmet need for psychosocial support. Further work is needed to explore strategies for mental health support, particularly around disclosure, self-esteem and stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Durteste
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galyna Kyselyova
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alla Volokha
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Ali Judd
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Thorne
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruslan Malyuta
- Perinatal Prevention of AIDS Initiative, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Violeta Martsynovska
- The Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
- Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of NAMS, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Nizova
- The Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Heather Bailey
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Dong X, Yang J, Peng L, Pang M, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Rao J, Wang H, Chen X. HIV-related stigma and discrimination amongst healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:738. [PMID: 29902990 PMCID: PMC6003171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-related discrimination amongst healthcare providers is one of the strongest obstacles to effectively responding to HIV. This study was conducted to explore the occurrence of and other factors related to discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS amongst healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted between July and October 2016, that enrolled healthcare providers from 9 healthcare institutions in Guangzhou, China. HIV-related discrimination was assessed using anonymous self-designed questionnaires. Chi-square tests were used to study the differences in the socio-demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, HIV-related knowledge and personal attitudes between participants who had and had not discriminated against People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors associated with HIV-related discrimination. Results A total of 972 healthcare providers were investigated, and 386 (39.7%) had previously served HIV-positive individuals in their work. Administering HIV antibody tests for patients without his or her consent was the most frequent act of discrimination (65.3%), and other forms of discrimination, including “differential treatment” (51.0%), “disclosed information” (46.4%) and “refused to treat” (38.6%), were also prevalent. The logistic regression analysis indicated that people who had worked for 3–7 years, worked in secondary hospitals or lower, worked in surgical departments, had lower scores on HIV transmission knowledge, were dissatisfied with the occupational exposure protection system offered by the government, were worried about HIV-related exposure and feared HIV-related exposure were more likely to commit an act of medical discrimination against PLWHA. Conclusion HIV-related discrimination was not unusual in the healthcare providers of Guangzhou, which may be related to their negative cognitions and attitudes as well as the hospital management system and government policy. Therefore, comprehensive HIV-related knowledge education should be implemented to change the attitude of healthcare providers. In addition, the current laws and regulations should be refined by the government to protect the rights of healthcare providers. The contradiction between designated hospitals and non-designated hospitals should be resolved to ensure that PLWHA receive timely and effective help and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Dongguan Municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minhui Pang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongfei Chen
- Guangzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Li L, Liang LJ, Lin C, Lan CW, Ji G, Xiao Y. Changes in behavioral outcomes among children affected by HIV: Results of a randomized controlled trial in China. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:1581-1594. [PMID: 29243519 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317746479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of a multilevel intervention on HIV-affected children's negative behaviors. A total of 536 children aged 6-18 years from 475 HIV-affected families in Anhui, China, participated in the randomized controlled trial. A significant overall intervention effect on reducing negative behaviors was observed at 18-month follow-up, and the effect remained at 24-month follow-up. The intervention showed greater effects for children aged 13-18 years than those aged 6-12 years. Study findings suggest that a multilevel intervention approach could be beneficial for reducing negative behavior in HIV-affected children. Age-specific programs should be considered to maximize the intervention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- 1 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | | | - Chunqing Lin
- 1 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), USA
| | | | - Guoping Ji
- 2 Anhui Provincial Center for Woman and Child Health, China
| | - Yongkang Xiao
- 3 Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
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Li X, Harrison SE, Fairchild AJ, Chi P, Zhao J, Zhao G. A randomized controlled trial of a resilience-based intervention on psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS: Effects at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Soc Sci Med 2017; 190:256-264. [PMID: 28215430 PMCID: PMC6205509 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global literature suggests that resilience-based interventions may yield improvements in psychosocial well-being for vulnerable children, but limited data are available regarding the efficacy of such interventions among children affected by parental HIV/AIDS. OBJECTIVE To evaluate initial efficacy of a multi-level resilience-based intervention among children affected by parental HIV/AIDS in China in improving children's psychosocial well-being and resilience-related outcomes. METHOD Seven hundred-ninety children, 6-17 years of age, were recruited from rural China. Children were either AIDS orphans or were living with one or two parents infected with HIV/AIDS. Children and primary caregivers were randomly assigned to participate in a 4-arm trial to evaluate the Child-Caregiver-Advocacy Resilience (ChildCARE) intervention. This resilience-based psychosocial intervention provides programming at three levels (child, caregiver, community). Survey data were collected at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months in order to examine efficacy of the child-only and child + caregiver arms in improving children's psychological resilience. RESULTS Intervention groups displayed improvements in several resilience-related outcomes at 6- and 12-month follow-ups, including self-reported coping, hopefulness, emotional regulation, and self-control. The child-only intervention arm showed some fading of intervention effects by 12-months. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings suggest that the ChildCARE intervention is efficacious in promoting psychosocial well-being of children affected by parental HIV/AIDS in rural China. Targeting both children and caregivers for psychosocial intervention may be effective in improving children's resilience. Additional evaluation and modifications, including the inclusion of booster sessions, should be considered to further strengthen the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene St., Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Sayward E Harrison
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene St., Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Amanda J Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton St., Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Room 3053, Humanities & Social Sciences Building, E21 Avenida da Universidade, Macau, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- International Research Center for Psychological Health of Vulnerable Populations, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Guoxiang Zhao
- International Research Center for Psychological Health of Vulnerable Populations, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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World Health Day focus on HIV and depression - a comorbidity with specific challenges. J Int AIDS Soc 2017; 20:21956. [PMID: 28406276 PMCID: PMC5515023 DOI: 10.7448/ias.20.1.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Newell ML, Grimwood A, Cluver L, Fatti G, Sherr L. Children and HIV – a hop (hopefully), a skip (lamentably) and a jump (ideally)? AIDS Care 2016; 28 Suppl 2:1-6. [PMID: 27391992 PMCID: PMC4991223 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1176688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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