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Cai G, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Chen Z, Lu Y, Wu J, Hu Z, Zhang J, He F. Differences in socio-demographics status, risk behaviours, healthcare uptake and HIV/ sexually transmitted infections (STIs) between brothel-based and street-based female sex workers in Yunnan, China. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:584-592. [PMID: 38507707 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241239480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterosexual contact is the primary mode of HIV transmission in China and commercial sex is thought to play a crucial role in China's epidemic. Female sex workers (FSWs) in China tend to be either brothel-based (BSWs) or street-based (SSWs), but few studies have investigated the differences between these important segments of this difficult-to-reach, high-risk population. Our aim was to explore the differences between SSWs and BSWs in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, sexual and risky practices, HIV/STI-related knowledge, health services, HIV/STI prevalence and other aspects. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Yunnan Province of China in partnership with a local FSW-friendly non-governmental organization. Face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, sex work history, sexual behaviours, HIV/STI-related knowledge, HIV testing history, and healthcare services uptake. Blood samples were taken for HIV and syphilis testing, and urine samples for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate differences between SSWs and BSWs. RESULTS A total of 185 BSWs and 129 SSWs were included in the study. SSWs were older and less educated, had more dependents and more clients, lower condom use and accessed fewer healthcare services. Moreover, 37.2% of SSWs and 24.9% of BSWs were found to have HIV/STI infection. Unfortunately, the awareness related to STIs was relatively low in both groups, especially SSWs. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that confirms the disproportionately high vulnerability of SSWs to HIV and other STIs, underscoring the urgent need for the Chinese health and public health sectors to prioritize outreach to SSWs. Awareness and educational programs, condom distribution, testing and health check-ups should be included in a comprehensive strategy for HIV/STI prevention in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Cai
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Environment and Public Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yufen Liu
- National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Jinman Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zishan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yixiao Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiwen Wu
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of the Child-Adolescent and Maternal Care of Faculty of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Digital Institute of Tumor Big Data, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Yang L, Sun Z. Are All Gay Men at Risk of Developing HIV/AIDS? Why China's Mass HIV Testing Has Majorly Targeted Gay Men in the Era of Biomedicalization. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241230165. [PMID: 38321807 PMCID: PMC10851740 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241230165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Global HIV/AIDS responses have been increasingly biomedically dominated over the past years. In line with this shifting paradigm, China has prioritized mass HIV testing as a practical approach to controlling its HIV/AIDS epidemics among at-risk populations, especially gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). This study analyzed why China's mass HIV testing mainly targeted gay men by understanding the perspectives of public health professionals, community-based organization (CBO) workers, and gay men. In addition, this study revealed the tensions and unintended consequences of HIV/AIDS prevention and the representation of gay men in China. The study involved fieldwork conducted in a major city in Eastern China from 2015 to 2019. Semi-structured interviews were held with participants from the three abovementioned groups (N = 25). The study identified four processes concerning why gay men are mainly targeted for HIV testing. Some public health professionals believe that being a gay man is equivalent to having HIV/AIDS risks. In addition, this study particularly noted tensions between public health professionals and gay men, including gay men-identified CBO workers, over whether mass HIV testing should target gay men or anyone who engaged in sexual risk behaviors. This study argued that a particular focus on gay men due to pursuing biomedical advances in HIV/AIDS prevention seems to have unintendedly stereotyped gay men based on the presumptions that they are at risk of developing HIV/AIDS. In addition, this study corresponded to the broader social scientific discussion concerning whether HIV/AIDS intervention should target specific sexual risk practices or sexual identity/population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Public Administration, Beihang University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- Shanghai Technician School; Higher Vocational and Technical College, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Cao W, Li J, Sun S, Sturm C, Peng L, Gu J, Hao C, Hou F, Wei D, You X, Deng Y, Ekström AM. HIV Serostatus Disclosure Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China in the Era of U=U and PrEP. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1477-1488. [PMID: 34697704 PMCID: PMC9001537 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the recent evidence on "Undetectable = Untransmittable" (U=U) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the present study aimed to investigate HIV disclosure behaviors and their associations with sexual risk behaviors and U=U and PrEP awareness among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 689 MSM recruited through a gay-friendly non-governmental organization located in Chengdu, China in 2018-2019. Information was collected by a structured self-administrated questionnaire. The enrolled sample included 554 (80.4%) participants who were HIV-negative and 135 (19.6%) participants with an unknown HIV status. In terms of disclosure, 41.4% of participants informed all partners about their HIV status all the time (informing behavior), while 30.4% asked all partners about their HIV status all the time (asking behavior). Only one-fifth knew about U=U, but this was not statistically associated with either informing or asking behavior. Half (50.5%) had heard of PrEP but this was not statistically associated with either informing or asking behavior. Common barriers to informing and asking behaviors were lower risk perception of HIV infection, a history of sexually transmitted infections, engagement in receptive sex, and a history of sex with casual partners. We found that both U=U and PrEP awareness and HIV serostatus disclosure were infrequent and not associated in this study of Chinese MSM. These data indicate huge information gaps among MSM in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangnan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carla Sturm
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liping Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengsu Hou
- Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Public Mental Health, Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dannuo Wei
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xinyi You
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, North Campus, 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Anna Mia Ekström
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chai R, Yang J, Zhang X, Huang X, Yu M, Fu G, Lan G, Qiao Y, Li S, Yao Y, Xu J. Reasons of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Chinese People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e33995. [PMID: 35486810 PMCID: PMC9255267 DOI: 10.2196/33995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many countries and organizations recommended people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receive the COVID-19 vaccine. However, vaccine hesitancy still exists and becomes a barrier for promoting COVID-19 vaccination among PLWHA. Objective This study aims to investigate factors that contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWHA. Methods The study used a multicenter cross-sectional design and an online survey mode. We recruited PLWHA aged 18-65 years from 5 metropolitan cities in China between January 2021 and February 2021. Participants completed an online survey through Golden Data, a widely used encrypted web-based survey platform. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the background characteristics in relation to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and structural equation modeling was performed to assess the relationships among perceived benefits, perceived risks, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Among 1735 participants, 41.61% (722/1735) reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age, no other vaccinations in the past 3 years, and having chronic disease history were positively associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Structural equation modeling revealed a direct relationship of perceived benefits, perceived risks, and subjective norms with self-efficacy and vaccine hesitancy and an indirect relationship of perceived benefits, perceived risks, and subjective norms with vaccine hesitancy. Moreover, self-efficacy toward COVID-19 vaccination was low. PLWHA had concerns of HIV disclosure during COVID-19 vaccination. Family member support could have an impact on COVID-19 vaccination decision-making. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was high among PLWHA in China. To reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, programs and strategies should be adopted to eliminate the concerns for COVID-19 vaccination, disseminate accurate information on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, encourage family member support for COVID-19 vaccination, and improve PLWHA’s trust of medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Chai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, CN
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, CN
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, US
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, CN
| | - Maohe Yu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, CN
| | - Gengfeng Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, CN
| | - Guanghua Lan
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, CN
| | - Ying Qiao
- The Second Hospital of Huhhot, Huhhot, CN
| | - Shuyue Li
- Changchun Maternity Hospital, Changchun, CN
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, CN
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, CN
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Huang X, Yu M, Fu G, Lan G, Li L, Yang J, Qiao Y, Zhao J, Qian HZ, Zhang X, Liu X, Jin X, Chen G, Jiang H, Tang W, Wang Z, Xu J. Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination Among People Living With HIV and AIDS in China: Nationwide Cross-sectional Online Survey. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e31125. [PMID: 34543223 PMCID: PMC8534487 DOI: 10.2196/31125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV infection is a significant independent risk factor for both severe COVID-19 presentation at hospital admission and in-hospital mortality. Available information has suggested that people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) could benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. However, there is a dearth of evidence on willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among PLWHA. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among a national sample of PLWHA in China. Methods This cross-sectional online survey investigated factors associated with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination among PLWHA aged 18 to 65 years living in eight conveniently selected Chinese metropolitan cities between January and February 2021. Eight community-based organizations (CBOs) providing services to PLWHA facilitated the recruitment. Eligible PLWHA completed an online survey developed using a widely used encrypted web-based survey platform in China. We fitted a single logistic regression model to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs), which involved one of the independent variables of interest and all significant background variables. Path analysis was also used in the data analysis. Results Out of 10,845 PLWHA approached by the CBOs, 2740 completed the survey, and 170 had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. This analysis was performed among 2570 participants who had never received COVID-19 vaccination. Over half of the participants reported willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination (1470/2570, 57.2%). Perceptions related to COVID-19 vaccination were significantly associated with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination, including positive attitudes (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09-1.12; P<.001), negative attitudes (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.97; P<.001), perceived support from significant others (perceived subjective norm; aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.46-1.61; P<.001), and perceived behavioral control (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.11-1.14; P<.001). At the interpersonal level, receiving advice supportive of COVID-19 vaccination from doctors (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.65-2.40; P<.001), CBO staff (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.51-2.36; P<.001), friends and/or family members (aOR 3.22, 95% CI 1.93-5.35; P<.001), and PLWHA peers (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.85-3.08; P<.001) was associated with higher willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. The overall opinion supporting COVID-19 vaccination for PLWHA on the internet or social media was also positively associated with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.31-1.94; P<.001). Path analysis indicated that interpersonal-level variables were indirectly associated with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination through perceptions (β=.43, 95% CI .37-.51; P<.001). Conclusions As compared to PLWHA in other countries and the general population in most parts of the world, PLWHA in China reported a relatively low willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. The internet and social media as well as interpersonal communications may be major sources of influence on PLWHA’s perceptions and willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Huang
- Infectious Disease Department, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Maohe Yu
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Gengfeng Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghua Lan
- Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Infectious Disease Department, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Infectious Disease Department, The Second Hospital of Huhhot, Huhhot, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Zhu Qian
- SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Infectious Disease Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Jin
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation China, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- STD Prevention and Control Department, University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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Bien-Gund CH, Zhao P, Cao B, Tang W, Ong JJ, Baral SD, Bauermeister JA, Yang LG, Luo Z, Tucker JD. Providing competent, comprehensive and inclusive sexual health services for men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Sex Health 2020; 16:320-331. [PMID: 31213225 DOI: 10.1071/sh18191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmissible infections, sexual health services for MSM in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remain under-resourced and are poorly understood. A scoping review of literature on MSM sexual health in LMIC was conducted in order to identify key clinical services and gaps in knowledge. Three databases were searched, in addition to hand-reviewing key journals and bulletins, to identify literature with a focus on MSM sexual health. Key services related to providing care to MSM in LMIC that emerged from our review are described. These services include creation of safe and confidential clinic environments, HIV testing services, behavioural interventions, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and STI services. Compared with high-income settings, major differences in LMIC include lack of diagnostic technology, unfavourable legal environments and lack of funding for MSM health. Innovative approaches to healthcare delivery, such as harnessing mobile technology, self-testing and crowdsourcing interventions, can improve health services among MSM in LMIC. There are gaps in the evidence about how best to provide sexual health services for MSM in LMIC settings. Implementation research and scale-up of existing biomedical and behavioural interventions, such as HIV/STI testing services, PrEP and early antiretroviral initiation are urgently needed in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric H Bien-Gund
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China; and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Shenzhen 510855, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China; and Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China; and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Jason J Ong
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - José A Bauermeister
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li-Gang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial STD Control Center, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Zhenzhou Luo
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Shenzhen 510855, China
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China; and Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou 510095, China; and Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; and Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; and Corresponding author.
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7
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Liu L, Wang D, Qin X, Hu Z, Chen R. The impact of social capital on civil society organizations delivering voluntary counseling and testing HIV/AIDS service: a cross-sectional study in China. Biosci Trends 2020; 14:182-191. [PMID: 32418946 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2020.03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In China, Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing (VCT) services are mostly provided by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). This cross-sectional study investigated the association between CSOs' social capital and VCT service availability in eight Chinese provinces during July-December 2015. Data on CSOs' characteristics were collected through questionnaire-based interviews. Social capital was measured using a purpose-developed questionnaire. Logistic regression models tested the association between social capital and the scale of VCT services. A total of 103 CSOs that provided VCT to MSM (MSM-focused CSOs), and 109 CSOs that provided such service to non-MSM population (other CSOs) were included. Overall, 144 (67.9%) CSOs were not registered with local governments, while 106 (50%) received RMB 50,000 ($7,670) funding in 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the CSOs with a higher level of shared vision were more likely to provide a large-scale of VCT service than those with a lower level of shared vision (AOR = 1.95). Moreover, intra-networks were positively associated with the VCT service (AOR = 2.87) among other CSOs, while the level of shared vision was positively associated with the VCT service (AOR = 3.08) among other-MSM-focused CSOs. There was no significant association between social capital and total service scale. Our findings suggest that increasing social capital can potentially enhance VCT service and play an important role in AIDS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danni Wang
- Central Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xia Qin
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ren Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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