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Hall M, Hill E, Moreland G, Hales GK, Boduszek D, Debowska A. Profiles of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3280-3296. [PMID: 36197066 PMCID: PMC10594847 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221126183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Person-centered approaches, such as latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profile analysis (LPA), aid the identification of subgroups within sample populations. These methods can identify the patterns of co-occurrence between different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), providing valuable information for prevention and intervention efforts. The aim of this systematic review was to yield a summary and conduct a critical evaluation of the current research that utilizes LCA/LPA to investigate IPV victimization profiles. We provide an outline of 14 relevant studies, retrieved from searches conducted on PsycInfo, Scopus, and Eric databases. There was a large amount of variability in relation to the forms of IPV assessed, measures utilized, number of classes identified, and the sample populations recruited. However, broad similarities were revealed as there were some commonly identified classes, including the no/low violence class, the physical and psychological victimization class, and the multiple victimization class, yet the labels assigned to those classes differed across studies. A range of external criteria (risk factors and consequences) were also identified as being associated with class membership. We highlight the methodological features which may have impacted data collection and class enumeration, including the differences in sample population, the range of IPV indicators assessed, the time period from which IPV data were recorded, and whether data were collected regarding participants' current or previous relationships. Marginalized populations were underrepresented, and psychological abuse was most inconsistently operationalized. Recommendations for future research are provided, including recommendations with regard to labeling the classes for greater consistency across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Boduszek
- University of Huddersfield, UK
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland
| | - Agata Debowska
- The University of Sheffield, UK
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland
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Yonga AM, Kiss L, Onarheim KH. A systematic review of the effects of intimate partner violence on HIV-positive pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:220. [PMID: 35114964 PMCID: PMC8815228 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects more than one in three women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It is associated with both pregnancy and HIV, adversely affecting women in this region. This is the first systematic examination of the effects of IPV on HIV-positive (HIV+) pregnant women in SSA. Methods A systematic review of the literature on HIV+ pregnant women experiencing IPV in SSA was carried out. Searches were carried out in PubMed, Web of Science and African Journals Online databases. Articles published between January 2010 and June 2020, in English, were included. Data extraction included details on study locations, study design, study participants and the study outcome variables (depression, IPV, medication adherence, postpartum unsafe sex, and HIV disclosure). Results Fourteen studies (ten cross-sectional studies, four cohort studies) were included. Results indicate a high prevalence of IPV amongst pregnant women with HIV in SSA (18.0 to 63.1%). The results suggest an association between HIV-positive status and consequences of IPV during pregnancy, particularly mental health effects, such as depression symptoms and suicidal ideation. HIV-related stigma has a key role within the relationship between HIV and IPV during pregnancy. One study described that the presence of IPV reduces adherence to Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) medication. Three studies reported no association between HIV positive status or HIV status disclosure and IPV during pregnancy. Discussion/conclusions The systematic review confirms interconnections between IPV and HIV seropositivity amongst pregnant women in SSA. Importantly, stigma, social isolation and poor mental health hinder help-seeking, disclosure, and treatment adherence among HIV+ pregnant women exposed to IPV in SSA. As a result, the potential of community interventions to tackle issues associated with IPV in HIV-positive pregnant women in this area should be explored in research, policy, and practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12619-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ligia Kiss
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Gender Violence & Health Centre, Department of Global Health & Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kristine Husøy Onarheim
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Eastment MC, Kinuthia J, Wang L, Wanje G, Wilson K, Kaggiah A, Simoni JM, Mandaliya K, Poole DN, Richardson BA, Jaoko W, John-Stewart G, McClelland RS. Late antiretroviral refills and condomless sex in a cohort of HIV-seropositive pregnant and postpartum Kenyan women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254767. [PMID: 34280229 PMCID: PMC8289061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The postpartum period can be challenging for women living with HIV. Understanding how the postpartum period impacts ART adherence and condomless sex could inform the development of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and HIV services tailored to the needs of women living with HIV during this critical interval. METHODS In a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-seropositive Kenyan women, late ART refills and self-reported condomless sex were compared between the woman's pregnancy and the postpartum period. Analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations and adjusted for alcohol use, depressive symptoms, intimate partner violence (IPV), and having a recent regular partner. Effect modification was explored for selected variables. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 151 women contributed visits. Late ART refills occurred at 7% (32/439) of pregnancy visits compared to 18% (178/1016) during the postpartum period (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-3.67). This association differed by women's education level. Women with ≥8 years of education had late ART refills more during the postpartum period than pregnancy (aRR 3.00, 95%CI 1.95-4.62). In contrast, in women with <8 years of education, late ART refills occurred similarly during pregnancy and the postpartum period (aRR 0.88, 95%CI 0.18-4.35). Women reported condomless sex at 10% (60/600) of pregnancy visits compared to 7% (72/1081) of postpartum visits (aRR 0.76, 95%CI 0.45-1.27). This association differed by whether women had experienced recent IPV. Women without recent IPV had a significant decline in condomless sex from pregnancy to postpartum (aRR 0.53, 95%CI 0.30-0.95) while women with recent IPV had no significant change in condomless sex from pregnancy to postpartum (aRR 1.76, 95%CI 0.87-3.55). CONCLUSION Improved support for ART adherence during the postpartum period and addressing IPV to limit condomless sex could improve HIV treatment and prevention outcomes for HIV-seropositive women as well as their infants and sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna C. Eastment
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John Kinuthia
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lei Wang
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - George Wanje
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Katherine Wilson
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Jane M. Simoni
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Danielle N. Poole
- Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - R. Scott McClelland
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Gebrekristos LT, Groves AK, McNaughton Reyes L, Maman S, Moodley D. IPV victimization in pregnancy increases postpartum STI incidence among adolescent mothers in Durban, South Africa. AIDS Care 2020; 32:193-197. [PMID: 32193964 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1742871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women, and specifically, adolescents, are at high risk of HIV and STIs during the postpartum period. Biological and behavioral factors contribute to adolescents' susceptibility. However, the influence of behavioral factors, like intimate partner violence (IPV), on postpartum STI acquisition has been understudied. The study's purpose is to determine whether IPV victimization during pregnancy predicts incident STIs in the first 6 months postpartum. Adolescent mothers (14-19 years) were recruited at a township hospital's maternity ward near Durban. Adolescent mothers who were HIV-negative and had no laboratory-diagnosed STIs at baseline (6 weeks postpartum) were included in the analysis (n = 61). We used a modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors to assess differences in postpartum STI risk by IPV victimization during pregnancy controlling for covariates. At baseline, 25 (41%) adolescent mothers reported IPV victimization during pregnancy. Adolescent mothers who reported IPV during pregnancy were at higher risk of receiving an STI diagnoses at 6 months postpartum (aRR: 4.43; 95% CI: 1.31-14.97). Our findings heighten understanding of HIV risk among a vulnerable subset of adolescent girls: adolescent mothers. Non-combined interventions that help young mothers and their partners navigate partnership dynamics to reduce IPV and STIs are needed to reduce HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwam T Gebrekristos
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison K Groves
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dhayendre Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
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