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Nguyen TT, Ha L, Nguyen LH, Vu LG, Do HT, Boyer L, Fond G, Auquier P, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. A global bibliometric analysis of intimate partner violence in the field of HIV/AIDS: implications for interventions and research development. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1105018. [PMID: 37397707 PMCID: PMC10310964 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the research landscape of intimate partner violence (IPV)-harm-induced behavior in an intimate relationship and HIV/AIDS to determine lessons learnt and gaps that may be filled by future research. Publications related to IPV, and HIV/AIDS published from 1997 to 2019 were collected from Web of Science (WoS). STATA and VOSviewer software tools were used for bibliometric analysis. Content analysis, common topics, and the map of co-occurrence terms were structured by Latent Dirichlet allocation and VOSviewer software tool. 941 studies were included. Factors associated with domestic violence and interventions to reduce IPV were the two most common themes. Meanwhile, mental health illness among pregnant women affected by HIV and IPV, and HIV-risk among youth suffering from IPV have not received adequate attention. We suggest that more research focusing on adolescents and pregnant women affected by HIV and IPV. In addition, the development of collaborative networks between developed and developing countries should also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Lilian Ha
- Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linh Gia Vu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Thi Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Nguyen TT, Do AL, Nguyen LH, Vu GT, Dam VAT, Latkin CA, Hall BJ, Ho CSH, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM. Scholarly literature in HIV-related lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender studies: A bibliometric analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1028771. [PMID: 36844310 PMCID: PMC9945527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1028771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) people are marginalized and understudied. Analyzing research activity worldwide is vital to better understand their needs in confronting the HIV epidemic. This study aimed to evaluate the global literature to identify the research collaboration, content, and tendency in HIV-related issues among the LGBT populations. Methods Peer-reviewed original articles and reviews were achieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Country's collaborations and co-occurrence of most frequent terms were illustrated by VOSviewer software. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and the linear regression model were utilized to uncover the hidden topics and examine the research trend. Results From 1990 to 2019, a total of 13,096 publications were found. Stigma, sexual risk behaviors and HIV testing were the major topics in the LGBT research during the study period. Among 15 topics, topics about HIV/Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) prevalence, Outcomes of HIV/AIDS care and treatment, and Opportunistic infections in HIV-positive LGBT people showed decreasing attention over years, while other topics had a slight to moderate increase. Discussion Our study underlined the exponential growth of publications on the LGBT population in HIV research, and suggested the importance of performing regional collaborations in improving research capacity. Moreover, further research should focus on examining the manner to increase the coverage of HIV testing and treatment, as well as implement HIV-interventions with low cost and easy to scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Tham Thi Nguyen, ✉
| | - Anh Linh Do
- Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vu Anh Trong Dam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian J. Hall
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvyn W. B. Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Hoang NT, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen QN, Bollinger JW, Tran BX, Do NT, Nguyen THT, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen TH, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Survival Outcomes of Vietnamese People with HIV after Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment: Role of Clinic-Related Factors. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1626-1635. [PMID: 33244641 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the rapid development of HIV clinics in Vietnam, this study evaluates the infrastructure surrounding this expansion, identifying clinic-related factors that impact survival outcomes. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted among people living with HIV (PLWH) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2011 and 2015 among 62 ART clinics in 15 provinces. The mortality rate during the 717674.1 person-years of observation (PYO) was 0.29/100 PYO. Location in rural areas (versus urban) and in Central Vietnam (versus Northern Vietnam) were associated with higher risk of mortality. The risk was lower among clinics that had peer-educators. As Vietnam's HIV/AIDS program continues to expand, this data supports increasing resource allocation for rural clinics, incorporation of ART with the community's existing healthcare infrastructure in its efforts to decentralize, and integration of services to reflect patients' anticipated needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quang Nhat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Université, Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nhan Thi Do
- Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacoeconomics and Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
| | - Trang Ha Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Nursing, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Hoang CL, Pham HQ, Phan HT, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. A global analysis of literature on older adults and lifelong living with HIV. AIDS Care 2021; 34:145-154. [PMID: 33625941 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1891192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the growing number of older people living with HIV, "What is the most effective geriatric care and the research trend of existing literature?" is a compelling question after 30 years since the first paper related to aging and HIV/AIDS published. Our study aims to apply quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore the knowledge gaps and describes the research interest of gerontology research in the field of HIV. A bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the databased of the Web of Science from 1991 to 2019. The major domains of research areas were visualized by using VOSviewer software. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was applied to classify the dataset into topics. There was a rising number of publications about this topic over time. Our findings indicated that antiretroviral treatment and evaluating quality of life and harm reduction were the major domains regarding care for OPLWH. In addition, the finding highlights the role of social competence in treatment outcomes. Further research needs to tailor multi-disciplinary programs and flexible interventions to reduce the burden and the mortality rate of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Linh Hoang
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hai Quang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Hai Thanh Phan
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Busari A, Oshikoya K, Akinwumi A, Usman S, Badru W, Olusanya A, Oreagba I, Olayemi S. Antiretroviral therapy-related problems among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A focus on medication adherence and pill burden. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/njm.njm_202_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Richard AK, Roland YK, Christian YK, Cécile KKA, Michel AJ, Lacina C, Vincent AK. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of HIV-Positive Adolescents Related to HIV/AIDS Prevention in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Int J Pediatr 2020; 2020:8176501. [PMID: 33456475 PMCID: PMC7785380 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8176501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In sub-Saharan Africa, many adolescents living with HIV adopt behaviors and practices at risk of transmitting this infection. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIV-positive adolescents regarding the transmission of HIV for the prevention of this disease. METHODS Knowledge Attitude Practical Survey (KAP) conducted from June 20 to August 22, 2018 in pediatrics at the University Hospital of Treichville. It included consenting HIV-positive adolescents followed up in the voluntary testing counseling unit. The variables studied related to sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitude, and practice relating to the transmission of HIV. The analysis was descriptive. RESULTS The active queue was 349 children, including 210 adolescents. Fifty adolescents (22 boys and 28 girls) participated in the study, a participation rate of 24%. The average age of the participants was 16 years (extreme 10 and 19 years). The respondent was an orphan (38%), a secondary school (58%), and separated living parents in 42%. He stated that he did not know he was infected in 62%, and that he had sex with at least one partner in 54%. He knew the modes of transmission and the means of prevention in 72% of the cases. He knew that an HIV-positive adolescent could transmit the disease in 68%, and that HIV/AIDS was incurable in 40%. 42% of respondents said that an infected person on ARVs was contagious. Twenty-nine respondents who had a partner said they had unprotected sex in 58%. All of the adolescents surveyed said that they did not talk to friends and family about HIV. CONCLUSION The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV-positive adolescents regarding HIV/AIDS transmission is insufficient. We suggest setting up a therapeutic HIV/AIDS education program for these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azagoh-Kouadio Richard
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Angré, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 28 BP 1530, Abidjan 28, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yeboua Kossonou Roland
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1174, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yao Kouassi Christian
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1174, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kouassi-Kouadio Amenan Cécile
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP V3, Avbidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Aholi Jean Michel
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP V3, Avbidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Cissé Lacina
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP V3, Avbidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Asse Kouadio Vincent
- Paediatric Ward of University Teaching Hospital of Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1174, Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
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Desta A, Biru TT, Kefale AT. Health related quality of life of people receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237013. [PMID: 32818950 PMCID: PMC7446831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a standard of HIV management to suppress viral load and delay progression to AIDS. However, questions have been raised about the use of antiretroviral therapy and how it affects quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The study hence aimed to assess the QoL of PLWHA who were taking HAART at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH) and identify factors associated with QoL. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among PLWHA receiving HAART at MTUTH from March 04-April 1, 2018. Patients were recruited consecutively and interviewed with structured questionnaire. A data abstraction tool was used to extract data from patient medical records. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life HIV- BREF (WHOQOL-HIV-BREF) standard tool. Data was entered to Epi-Info version 3.5.3 and analyzed using SPSS version 22 for windows. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify factors associated with QoL. A statistical significance was established at a p value <0.05. RESULTS A total of 240 participants with the mean age of 35.11 (SD = 9.08) years were included in the study. This study found that 57.1% of the patients had high global score of QoL. Patients with normal current health (AOR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.56-7.31)) and having family support (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.51-6.46) were positively associated with high global score of QoL, while patients with low HAART adherence (AOR = 0.40, 95%, CI = 0.19-0.86) were negatively associated with high global score of QoL. CONCLUSION The study revealed that more than half of the participants had high global score of QoL. Normal current health and family support were associated with better global score of QoL, while low HAART adherence was found to be associated with the lower global score of QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Desta
- Department of Pharmacy, Wachemo University, Hossaena, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Teshome Kefale
- Department of Pharmacy, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Ngoc Do H, Ngoc Nguyen D, Quynh Thi Nguyen H, Tuan Nguyen A, Duy Nguyen H, Phuong Bui T, Bich Thi Vu T, Thanh Le K, Tuan Nguyen D, Tat Nguyen C, Gia Vu L, Thu Vu G, Xuan Tran B, A. Latkin C, C. M. Ho R, S. H. Ho C. Patterns of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Youths and Adolescents in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1903. [PMID: 32183402 PMCID: PMC7143552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Youths and adolescents are vulnerable to HIV/STIs from unprotected sex. Promotion of young population's awareness about risky sexual behaviors is essential to develop contextualized interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Vietnamese provinces to document current attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors among youths. The information on sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and sexual behaviors was collected via self-reported questionnaires. The factors associated with risky sexual behaviors were identified by the multivariate logistic regression. Among the 1200 participants, 73.5% reported having sex in their lifetime, and 48.1% used condoms at their latest sexual intercourse. Participants in urban areas were more likely not to intend to use condoms and had a higher unintended pregnancy rate than in rural areas. Older age was positively associated with not wanting to use and not using condoms. Substance-using participants were more likely to not use condoms. The participants taking alcohol or other stimulants before sex had a higher likelihood of unintended pregnancy. Respondents' attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors were associated with gender and employment. This study indicated that young population's awareness in Vietnam is high, however, risky sexual behaviors also remain common. Sex-related educational programs about the consequences of substance use, multiple sex partners, and unprotected sex should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ngoc Do
- Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Diep Ngoc Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Quynh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth Culture and Lifestyle, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.Q.T.N.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth Culture and Lifestyle, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.Q.T.N.); (A.T.N.)
| | - Hiep Duy Nguyen
- Department of Research on Children’s issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.D.N.); (T.P.B.)
| | - Thanh Phuong Bui
- Department of Research on Children’s issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.D.N.); (T.P.B.)
| | - Thao Bich Thi Vu
- Department of Research on Youth’s Organisations and Youth Campaign, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.B.T.V.); (K.T.L.)
| | - Khiet Thanh Le
- Department of Research on Youth’s Organisations and Youth Campaign, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.B.T.V.); (K.T.L.)
| | - Dung Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Research on Youth and Legal issues, Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Gia Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.G.V.); (G.T.V.)
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.G.V.); (G.T.V.)
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
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