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Runge R, Reissig F, Herzog N, Oehme L, Brogsitter C, Kotzerke J. Combining Cisplatin with Different Radiation Qualities-Interpretation of Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro by Isobolographic Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1720. [PMID: 38139846 PMCID: PMC10746989 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of platinum-containing cytostatic drugs with different radiation qualities has been studied for years. Despite their massive side effects, these drugs still belong to the therapeutic portfolio in cancer treatment. To overcome the disadvantages of cisplatin, our study investigated the cytotoxic effects of combining radionuclides with cisplatin. METHODS FaDu cells were treated with cisplatin (concentration ≈ 2 µM) and additionally irradiated after two hours with the alpha-emitter 223Ra, the beta-emitter 188Re as well as external X-rays using dose ranges of 2-6 Gy. Cell survival was followed by colony formation assays and plotted against cisplatin concentration and radiation dose. The results were interpreted by isobolograms. RESULTS Isobolographic analyses revealed a supra-additive cytotoxic effect for the combination of cisplatin and 223Ra. A sub-additive effect was observed for the combination of cisplatin and 188Re, whereas a protective effect was found for the combination with X-rays. CONCLUSIONS The combination of cisplatin and 223Ra may have the potential to create a successfully working therapy scheme for various therapy approaches, whereas the combination with 188Re as well as single-dose X-ray treatment did not lead to a detectable radiosensitizing effect. Thus, the combination with alpha-emitters might be advantageous and, therefore, should be followed in future studies when combined with cytostatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Runge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.H.); (C.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Falco Reissig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Nora Herzog
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.H.); (C.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Liane Oehme
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.H.); (C.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Claudia Brogsitter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.H.); (C.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Joerg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (N.H.); (C.B.); (J.K.)
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Reissig F, Runge R, Naumann A, Kotzerke J. Cisplatin - A more Efficient Drug in Combination with Radionuclides? Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:325-332. [PMID: 35388443 DOI: 10.1055/a-1759-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The combination of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs with radionuclides or external radiation is discussed for a long period of time. The major advantage of a successful combination therapy is the reduction of severe side effects by decreasing the needed dose and simultaneously increasing therapeutic efficiency. METHODS In this study, pUC19 plasmid DNA was incubated with the cytostatic drug cisplatin and additionally irradiated with 99mTc, 188Re and 223Ra. To verify the contribution of possibly excited platinum atoms to the emission of Auger electrons we determined DNA damages, such as single- and double strand breaks. RESULTS The threshold concentration value of cisplatin, which was tolerated by pUC19 plasmid DNA was determined to be 18-24 nM. Nevertheless, even at higher dose values (>100 Gy) and simultaneous incubation of cisplatin to 200 ng plasmid DNA, no significant increase in the number of induced single- and double-strand breaks was obtained, compared to the damage solely caused by the radionuclides. CONCLUSION We thereby conclude that there is no direct dependence of the mechanism of strand break induction to the absence or presence of platinum atoms attached to the DNA. Reported increasing DNA damages in therapy approaches on a cellular level strongly depend on the study design and are mainly influenced by repair mechanisms in living cells. Nevertheless, the use of radioactive cisplatin, containing the Auger electron emitter 191Pt, 193mPt or 195mPt, is a bright prospect for future therapy by killing tumor cells combining two operating principles: a cytostatic drug and a radiopharmaceutical at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roswitha Runge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Naumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rezaee M, Hill RP, Jaffray DA. The Exploitation of Low-Energy Electrons in Cancer Treatment. Radiat Res 2017; 188:123-143. [PMID: 28557630 DOI: 10.1667/rr14727.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Given the distinct characteristics of low-energy electrons (LEEs), particularly at energies less than 30 eV, they can be applied to a wide range of therapeutic modalities to improve cancer treatment. LEEs have been shown to efficiently produce complex molecular damage resulting in substantial cellular toxicities. Since LEEs are produced in copious amounts from high-energy radiation beam, including photons, protons and ions; the control of LEE distribution can potentially enhance the therapeutic radio of such beams. LEEs can play a substantial role in the synergistic effect between radiation and chemotherapy, particularly halogenated and platinum-based anticancer drugs. Radiosensitizing entities containing atoms of high atomic number such as gold nanoparticles can be a source of LEE production if high-energy radiation interacts with them. This can provide a high local density of LEEs in a cell and produce cellular toxicity. Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides also create a high number of LEEs in each decay, which can induce lethal damage in a cell. Exploitation of LEEs in cancer treatment, however, faces a few challenges, such as dosimetry of LEEs and selective delivery of radiosensitizing and chemotherapeutic molecules close to cellular targets. This review first discusses the rationale for utilizing LEEs in cancer treatment by explaining their mechanism of action, describes theoretical and experimental studies at the molecular and cellular levels, then discusses strategies for achieving modification of the distribution and effectiveness of LEEs in cancerous tissue and their associated clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaee
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rezaee M, Sanche L, Hunting DJ. Cisplatin enhances the formation of DNA single- and double-strand breaks by hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals. Radiat Res 2013; 179:323-31. [PMID: 23368416 DOI: 10.1667/rr3185.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic interaction of cisplatin with ionizing radiation is the clinical rationale for the treatment of several cancers including head and neck, cervical and lung cancer. The underlying molecular mechanism of the synergy has not yet been identified, although both DNA damage and repair processes are likely involved. Here, we investigate the indirect effect of γ rays on strand break formation in a supercoiled plasmid DNA (pGEM-3Zf-) covalently modified by cisplatin. The yields of single- and double-strand breaks were determined by irradiation of DNA and cisplatin/DNA samples with (60)Co γ rays under four different scavenging conditions to examine the involvement of hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals in inducing the DNA damage. At 5 mM tris in an N2 atmosphere, the presence of an average of two cisplatins per plasmid increased the yields of single- and double-strand breaks by factors of 1.9 and 2.2, respectively, relative to the irradiated unmodified DNA samples. Given that each plasmid of 3,200 base pairs contained an average of two cisplatins, this represents an increase in radiosensitivity of 3,200-fold on a per base pair basis. When hydrated electrons were scavenged by saturating the samples with N2O, these enhancement factors decreased to 1.5 and 1.2, respectively, for single- and double-strand breaks. When hydroxyl radicals were scavenged using 200 mM tris, the respective enhancement factors were 1.2 and 1.6 for single- and double-strand breaks, respectively. Furthermore, no enhancement in DNA damage by cisplatin was observed after scavenging both hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons. These findings show that hydrated electrons can induce both single- and double-strand breaks in the platinated DNA, but not in unmodified DNA. In addition, cisplatin modification is clearly an extremely efficient means of increasing the formation of both single- and double-strand breaks by the hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals created by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaee
- Groupe en Sciences des Radiations, Départment de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Rave-Fränk M, Schmidberger H, Christiansen H, Boll C, Lehmann J, Weiss E. Comparison of the combined action of oxaliplatin or cisplatin and radiation in cervical and lung cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 83:41-7. [PMID: 17357438 DOI: 10.1080/09553000601121108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To test the combined effects of oxaliplatin and radiation versus cisplatin and radiation using human cervical and lung cancer cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS CaSki cervical cancer cells, and A549 lung cancer cells were cultured under standard conditions. Cells were treated with escalating doses of gamma-irradiation (0-6 Gy), and with oxali- and cisplatin for 2 h or 24 h, or a combination of both. Cell survival was measured by a colony-forming assay. Survival curves were fitted to the data using the linear quadratic model. Sensitizer enhancement ratios (SER) were calculated at the 37% survival level, and isobologram analysis was applied to test for the drug-radiation interactions. RESULTS Oxaliplatin as well as cisplatin alone were cytotoxic in both cell lines. In CaSki cells, oxaliplatin and cisplatin significantly increased radiation toxicity. In A549 cells no increase of radiation toxicity was observed after treatment with cisplatin, however, isobologram analysis revealed supra-additive interaction between oxaliplatin and radiation in A549 cells. CONCLUSION Oxaliplatin had the same effectiveness on tumor cells as cisplatin and induced enhanced radiation toxicity in lung cancer cells, where cisplatin was not able to achieve radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Rave-Fränk
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Bereich Humanmedizin-, Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Göttingen, Germany.
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Low-Dose Hyper-Radiosensitivity: Past, Present, and Future. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:1310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hermann RM, Rave-Fränk M, Pradier O. Combining radiation with oxaliplatin: a review of experimental results. Cancer Radiother 2008; 12:61-7. [PMID: 18243751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is integrated in treatment strategies against a variety of cancers including chemoradiation protocols against gastrointestinal, especially rectal cancers. Solid biological data with respect to radiosensitizing activity of oxaliplatin are still rare. This review is based on in vitro and experimental in vivo data concerning the combination of oxaliplatin and radiation published until July 2007. Taking either cell viability or clonogenic survival as an endpoint all reported on oxaliplatin-induced radiosensitization, and enhancement ratios ranged from 1.1 to 2.2. In vivo, enhanced tumor growth delay after combined oxaliplatin and radiation treatment was also reported. Therefore, oxaliplatin should be considered a potent radiosensitizer, although the mechanisms causing radiosensitizing properties of oxaliplatin have not been studied in detail. Herein, they are discussed with respect to apoptosis induction, p53-related signalling, cell cycle control, and DNA-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Hermann
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Abteilung Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, Göttingen, Germany
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