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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Panek A, Paluszkiewicz C, Kwiatek WM. Exploring subcellular responses of prostate cancer cells to clinical doses of X-rays by Raman microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119653. [PMID: 33773429 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern techniques of radiotherapy such as fractioned radiotherapy require applications of low doses of ionizing radiation (up to 10 Gy) for effective patient treatment. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the response mechanisms in cancer cells irradiated with low (clinical) doses. The cell's response to irradiation depends on a dose and post-irradiation time. Both factors should be considered when studying the influence of ionizing radiation on cancer cells. Thus, in the present study, PC-3 prostate cancer cells were irradiated with clinical doses of X-rays to determine dose- and time-dependent response to the irradiation. Raman spectroscopy and biological methods (MTT and comet assays) were applied for the analysis of biochemical changes in the cells induced by low doses of X-ray irradiation at 0 h and 24 h post-irradiation timepoints. Due to a limited view of the biochemical changes at the subcellular level given by single spectrum Raman measurements, Raman mapping of the whole cell area was performed. The results were compared with those obtained for cell irradiation with high doses. The analysis was based on the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) method for the cytoplasmic and nuclear regions separately. Additionally, for the first time, irradiation classification was performed to confirm Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool for studies on cancer cells treated with clinical doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Czeslawa Paluszkiewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
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Probing fibrin's molecular response to shear and tensile deformation with coherent Raman microscopy. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:383-392. [PMID: 33321217 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood clots are essential biomaterials that prevent blood loss and provide a temporary scaffold for tissue repair. In their function, these materials must be capable of resisting mechanical forces from hemodynamic shear and contractile tension without rupture. Fibrin networks, the primary load-bearing element in blood clots, have unique nonlinear mechanical properties resulting from fibrin's hierarchical structure. This structure provides multiscale load bearing from fiber deformation to protein unfolding. Here, we study the fiber and molecular scale response of fibrin under shear and tensile loads in situ using a combination of fluorescence and vibrational (molecular) microscopy. Imaging protein fiber orientation and molecular vibrations, we find that fiber alignment and molecular unfolding in fibrin appear at much larger strains under shear compared to uniaxial tension. Alignment levels reached at 150% shear strain were reached already at 60% tensile strain, and molecular unfolding of fibrin was only detected at shear strains above 300%, whereas fibrin unfolding began already at 20% tensile strain. Moreover, shear deformation caused progressive changes in vibrational modes consistent with increased protofibril and fiber packing that were already present even at very low tensile deformation. Together with a bioinformatic analysis of the primary fibrinogen structure, we propose a scheme for the molecular response of fibrin from low to high deformation, which may relate to the teleological origin of fibrin's resistance to shear and tensile forces.
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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Panek A, Paluszkiewicz C, Kwiatek WM. Physicochemical damage and early-stage biological response to X-ray radiation studied in prostate cancer cells by Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000252. [PMID: 32844593 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation significantly affects biochemistry of cancer cells. The effect of irradiation can be divided into two stages, that is, the physicochemical stage and the biological response. Both effects induce different biochemical changes in the cells and should be analyzed as two separate phenomena. Thus, in the current study, Raman spectroscopy of prostate cancer cells fixed before (the physicochemical damage model) and just after (the biological response model) irradiation was undertaken to compare biochemical composition of irradiated cancer cells at both stages. Spectroscopic analysis of the cells was performed separately for cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. Biochemical changes of irradiated cells were analyzed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) method on the basis of the collected Raman spectra. Regression coefficients were therefore used to describe differences and similarities between biochemical composition of cancer cells undergoing the physicochemical stage and biological response. Additionally, PLSR models of both phenomena were compared for linear dose-dependence and a cross prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Novel In Vitro Investigational Methods for Modeling Skin Permeation: Skin PAMPA, Raman Mapping. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090803. [PMID: 32854296 PMCID: PMC7559371 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin is marked as a standard by the regulatory agencies in the permeation study of dermal formulations. Artificial membranes can substitute human skin to some extent. Academicians and pharmaceutical corporations are focusing their efforts on developing standardized protocols and safe, reliable options to substitute human skin for carrying out permeability studies. Our research aim was to study the applicability of new techniques in the case of different types of dermal formulations. The skin parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) method and Raman mapping were compared to the gold-standard Franz cell method. A hydrogel and two types of creams were investigated as the most generally used dermal preparations. The values of the diffused drug were closer to each other in PAMPA and Franz cell measurement. The diffused amount of drug showed the same order for the different formulations. These results correlate well with the results of Raman mapping. Our conclusions suggest that all early screening examinations can be performed with model tools such as skin PAMPA supplemented with methods like Raman mapping as a semi-quantitative method.
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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Panek A, Efeoglu E, Wiltowska-Zuber J, Paluszkiewicz C, Byrne HJ, Kwiatek WM. Exploring subcellular responses of prostate cancer cells to X-ray exposure by Raman mapping. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8715. [PMID: 31213635 PMCID: PMC6581960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of cancer cells to ionising radiation is a crucial step in modern radiotherapy. Raman microspectroscopy, together with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis has been shown to be a powerful tool for monitoring biochemical changes of irradiated cells on the subcellular level. However, to date, the majority of Raman studies have been performed using a single spectrum per cell, giving a limited view of the total biochemical response of the cell. In the current study, Raman mapping of the whole cell area was undertaken to ensure a more comprehensive understanding of the changes induced by X-ray radiation. On the basis of the collected Raman spectral maps, PLSR models were constructed to elucidate the time-dependent evolution of chemical changes induced in cells by irradiation, and the performance of PLSR models based on whole cell averages as compared to those based on average Raman spectra of cytoplasm and nuclear region. On the other hand, prediction of X-ray doses for individual cellular components showed that cytoplasmic and nuclear regions should be analysed separately. Finally, the advantage of the mapping technique over single point measurements was verified by a comparison of the corresponding PLSR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Esen Efeoglu
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | | | | | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin, 8, Ireland
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Krakow, Poland
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Bakonyi M, Gácsi A, Kovács A, Szűcs MB, Berkó S, Csányi E. Following-up skin penetration of lidocaine from different vehicles by Raman spectroscopic mapping. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018. [PMID: 29524770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of local anesthetics, usually administered by subcutaneous injection, is common in the course of diagnostic, therapeutic, and cosmetic dermatology procedures. The effective dermal delivery of lidocaine could offer a solution to many adverse effects caused by needle insertion, such as pain, local reactions or toxicity, and additionally, it avoids the disruption of anatomical landmarks. Therefore, novel dermal formulations of local anesthetics are needed to overcome the barrier function of the skin and provide sufficient and prolonged anesthesia. In our study, we aimed to investigate and compare the penetration profiles of four different lidocaine containing formulations (hydrogel, oleogel, lyotropic liquid crystal and nanostructured lipid carrier) by Raman microscopic mapping of the drug. The application of Raman spectroscopy provided information about the spatial distribution of lidocaine in the skin ex vivo. The penetration of lidocaine from lyotropic liquid crystal and nanostructured carrier reached deeper skin layers and a higher amount of the drug was diffused into the skin, compared with hydrogel and oleogel. This study confirmed that nanostructured carriers can improve skin penetration properties of lidocaine and proved the applicability of Raman spectroscopy in the research of dermatological preparations ex vivo as a nondestructive, relatively easy and fast technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Bakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácsi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Mária-Budai Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Csányi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
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Van Nest SJ, Nicholson LM, DeVorkin L, Brolo AG, Lum JJ, Jirasek A. Raman Spectroscopic Signatures Reveal Distinct Biochemical and Temporal Changes in Irradiated Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. Radiat Res 2018; 189:497-504. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah M. Nicholson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Victoria Centre, Victoria, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Victoria Centre, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Julian J. Lum
- Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- I. K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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Allen CH, Kumar A, Qutob S, Nyiri B, Chauhan V, Murugkar S. Raman micro-spectroscopy analysis of human lens epithelial cells exposed to a low-dose-range of ionizing radiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:025002. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Harder SJ, Isabelle M, DeVorkin L, Smazynski J, Beckham W, Brolo AG, Lum JJ, Jirasek A. Raman spectroscopy identifies radiation response in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21006. [PMID: 26883914 PMCID: PMC4756358 DOI: 10.1038/srep21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
External beam radiation therapy is a standard form of treatment for numerous cancers. Despite this, there are no approved methods to account for patient specific radiation sensitivity. In this report, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to identify radiation-induced biochemical changes in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. Chemometric analysis revealed unique radiation-related Raman signatures that were specific to nucleic acid, lipid, protein and carbohydrate spectral features. Among these changes was a dramatic shift in the accumulation of glycogen spectral bands for doses of 5 or 15 Gy when compared to unirradiated tumours. When spatial mapping was applied in this analysis there was considerable variability as we found substantial intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity in the distribution of glycogen and other RS spectral features. Collectively, these data provide unique insight into the biochemical response of tumours, irradiated in vivo, and demonstrate the utility of RS for detecting distinct radiobiological responses in human tumour xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Harder
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Martin Isabelle
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Julian Smazynski
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Medical Physics, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Julian J. Lum
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
- University of Victoria, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Mathematics, Statistics, Physics, and Computer Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Lipiec E, Bambery KR, Lekki J, Tobin MJ, Vogel C, Whelan DR, Wood BR, Kwiatek WM. SR-FTIR Coupled with Principal Component Analysis Shows Evidence for the Cellular Bystander Effect. Radiat Res 2015; 184:73-82. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13798.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Harder SJ, Matthews Q, Isabelle M, Brolo AG, Lum JJ, Jirasek A. A Raman spectroscopic study of cell response to clinical doses of ionizing radiation. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:193-204. [PMID: 25588147 DOI: 10.1366/14-07561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The drive toward personalized radiation therapy (RT) has created significant interest in determining patient-specific tumor and normal tissue responses to radiation. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive and label-free technique that can detect radiation response through assessment of radiation-induced biochemical changes in tumor cells. In the current study, single-cell RS identified specific radiation-induced responses in four human epithelial tumor cell lines: lung (H460), breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), and prostate (LNCaP), following exposure to clinical doses of radiation (2-10 Gy). At low radiation doses (2 Gy), H460 and MCF-7 cell lines showed an increase in glycogen-related spectral features, and the LNCaP cell line showed a membrane phospholipid-related radiation response. In these cell lines, only spectral information from populations receiving 10 Gy or less was required to identify radiation-related features using principal component analysis (PCA). In contrast, the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed a significant increase in protein relative to nucleic acid and lipid spectral features at doses of 6 Gy or higher, and high-dose information (30, 50 Gy) was required for PCA to identify this biological response. The biochemical nature of the radiation-related changes occurring in cells exposed to clinical doses was found to segregate by status of p53 and radiation sensitivity. Furthermore, the utility of RS to identify a biological response in human tumor cells exposed to therapeutic doses of radiation was found to be governed by the extent of the biochemical changes induced by a radiation response and is therefore cell line specific. The results of this study demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of single-cell RS to identify and measure biological responses in tumor cells exposed to standard radiotherapy doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Harder
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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Li X, Yang T, Lin J. Spectral analysis of human saliva for detection of lung cancer using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:037003. [PMID: 22502575 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.3.037003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been shown to be able to detect low-concentration biofluids. Saliva SERS readings of 21 lung cancer patients and 20 normal people were measured and differentiated. Most of the Raman peak intensities decrease for lung cancer patients compared with that of normal people. Those peaks were assigned to proteins and nucleic acids, which indicate a corresponding decrease of those substances in saliva. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to reduce and discriminate between the two groups of data, and the study resulted in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity being 80%, 78%, and 83%, respectively. In conclusion, SERS of saliva showed the ability to predict lung cancer in our experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Li
- Shenyang Ligong University, School of Science, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Abstract
Recent researches have mainly displayed the significant role of stem cells in tissue renewal and homeostasis with their unique capacity to develop different cell types. These findings have clarified the importance of stem cells to improve the effectiveness of any cell therapy for regenerative medicine. Identification of purity and differentiation stages of stem cells are the greatest challenges of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The existing methods to carefully monitor and characterize the stem cells have some unwanted effects on the properties of stem cells, and these methods also do not provide real-time information about cellular conditions. These challenges enforce the usage of nondestructive, rapid, sensitive, high quality, label-free, cheep, and innovative chemical monitoring methods. In this context, vibrational spectroscopy provides promissing alternative to get new information into the field of stem cell biology for chemical analysis, quantification, and imaging of stem cells. Raman and infrared spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a new complimentary spectroscopic approaches to gain new insight into stem cell reseaches for future therapeutic and regenerative medicines. In this paper, recent developments in applications of vibrational spectroscopy techniques for stem cell characterization and identification are presented.
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Matthews Q, Jirasek A, Lum JJ, Brolo AG. Biochemical signatures of in vitro radiation response in human lung, breast and prostate tumour cells observed with Raman spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:6839-55. [PMID: 21971286 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/21/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work applies noninvasive single-cell Raman spectroscopy (RS) and principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze and correlate radiation-induced biochemical changes in a panel of human tumour cell lines that vary by tissue of origin, p53 status and intrinsic radiosensitivity. Six human tumour cell lines, derived from prostate (DU145, PC3 and LNCaP), breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) and lung (H460), were irradiated in vitro with single fractions (15, 30 or 50 Gy) of 6 MV photons. Remaining live cells were harvested for RS analysis at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-irradiation, along with unirradiated controls. Single-cell Raman spectra were acquired from 20 cells per sample utilizing a 785 nm excitation laser. All spectra (200 per cell line) were individually post-processed using established methods and the total data set for each cell line was analyzed with PCA using standard algorithms. One radiation-induced PCA component was detected for each cell line by identification of statistically significant changes in the PCA score distributions for irradiated samples, as compared to unirradiated samples, in the first 24-72 h post-irradiation. These RS response signatures arise from radiation-induced changes in cellular concentrations of aromatic amino acids, conformational protein structures and certain nucleic acid and lipid functional groups. Correlation analysis between the radiation-induced PCA components separates the cell lines into three distinct RS response categories: R1 (H460 and MCF7), R2 (MDA-MB-231 and PC3) and R3 (DU145 and LNCaP). These RS categories partially segregate according to radiosensitivity, as the R1 and R2 cell lines are radioresistant (SF(2) > 0.6) and the R3 cell lines are radiosensitive (SF(2) < 0.5). The R1 and R2 cell lines further segregate according to p53 gene status, corroborated by cell cycle analysis post-irradiation. Potential radiation-induced biochemical response mechanisms underlying our RS observations are proposed, such as (1) the regulated synthesis and degradation of structured proteins and (2) the expression of anti-apoptosis factors or other survival signals. This study demonstrates the utility of RS for noninvasive radiobiological analysis of tumour cell radiation response, and indicates the potential for future RS studies designed to investigate, monitor or predict radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
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15
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Matthews Q, Brolo AG, Lum J, Duan X, Jirasek A. Raman spectroscopy of single human tumour cells exposed to ionizing radiationin vitro. Phys Med Biol 2010; 56:19-38. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/1/002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Matthews Q, Jirasek A, Lum J, Duan X, Brolo AG. Variability in Raman spectra of single human tumor cells cultured in vitro: correlation with cell cycle and culture confluency. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:871-87. [PMID: 20719050 DOI: 10.1366/000370210792080966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we investigate the capability of Raman microscopy (RM) to detect inherent sources of biochemically based spectral variability between single cells of a human tumor cell line (DU145) cultured in vitro. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to identify differences in single-cell Raman spectra. These spectral differences correlate with (1) cell cycle progression and (2) changing confluency of a cell culture during the first 3 to 4 days after sub-culturing. Cell cycle regulatory drugs are used to synchronize the cell cycle progression of cell cultures, and flow cytometry is used to determine the cell cycle distribution of cell cultures at the time of Raman analysis. Spectral variability arising from cell cycle progression is (1) expressed as varying intensities of protein and nucleic acid features relative to lipid features, (2) well correlated with known biochemical changes in cells as they progress through the cell cycle, and (3) shown to be the most significant source of inherent spectral variability between cells. Furthermore, the specific biomolecules responsible for the observed spectral variability due to both cell cycle progression and changes in cell culture confluency can be identified in the first and second components of principal component analysis (PCA). Our characterization of the inherent sources of variability in Raman spectra of single human cells will be useful for understanding subtle spectral differences in RM studies of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Matthews
- Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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17
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Meade AD, Clarke C, Byrne HJ, Lyng FM. Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy and Multivariate Methods for Radiobiological Dosimetry. Radiat Res 2010; 173:225-37. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1836.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Shaw CP, Jirasek A. The use of ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of ionizing-radiation-induced damage in DNA. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:412-422. [PMID: 19366507 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787944325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRRS) was used to determine damage done in both calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and a short stranded DNA oligomer (SS-DNA) due to ionizing radiation from a medical (60)Co radiation therapy unit used in the treatment of cancer. Spectra were acquired at incident UV wavelengths of 248, 257, and 264 nm in order to utilize the differences in UVRR cross-sections of the bases with wavelength. Through the analysis of difference spectra between irradiated and unirradiated DNA at each of the incident UV wavelengths, damage to CT- and SS-DNA was observed and identified. Significant radiation-induced increases in the difference spectra of the CT-DNA indicated disruption of the stable, stacked structure of its bases, as well as the disruption of Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. Base unstacking was not as evident in the SS-DNA, while radiation-induced spectral decreases suggest disruption of the structure of the nucleotides. As demonstrated, UVRRS has the ability to highlight contributions from specific moieties with the use of varying incident UV wavelengths, thus enhancing the already information-rich content of the Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Shaw
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada
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Vidyasagar MS, Maheedhar K, Vadhiraja BM, Fernendes DJ, Kartha VB, Krishna CM. Prediction of radiotherapy response in cervix cancer by Raman spectroscopy: A pilot study. Biopolymers 2008; 89:530-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Meade AD, Lyng FM, Knief P, Byrne HJ. Growth substrate induced functional changes elucidated by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in in–vitro cultured human keratinocytes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:1717-28. [PMID: 17102969 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive measurements of cellular function in in vitro cultured cell lines using vibrational spectroscopy require the use of spectroscopic substrates such as quartz, ZnSe and MirrIR etc. These substrates are generally dissimilar to the original in vivo extracellular environment of a given cell line and are often tolerated poorly by cultured cell lines resulting in morphological and functional changes in the cell. The present study demonstrates various correlations between vibrational spectroscopic analyses and biochemical analyses in the evaluation of the interaction of a normal human epithelial keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) with MirrIR and quartz substrates coated with fibronectin, laminin and gelatin. The findings of this study suggest that there is a correlation between quantitative measurements of cellular proliferative capacity and viability and peak area ratios in FTIR spectra, with replicated differences in similar areas of the observed Raman spectra. Differences in the physiology of cells were observed between the two spectroscopic substrates coated in fibronectin and laminin, but little differences were observed when the cells were attached to gelatin-coated quartz and MirrIR slides. The correlations demonstrate the sensitivity of the spectroscopic techniques to evaluate the physiology of the system. Furthermore the study suggests that gelatin is a suitable coating for use in spectroscopic measurements of cellular function in human keratinocytes, as it provides a material that normalises the effect of substrate attachment on cellular physiology. This effect is likely to be cell-line dependent, and it is recommended that similar evaluations of this effect are performed for those combinations of spectroscopic substrate and cell lines that are to be used in individual experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan D Meade
- School of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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