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Fang X, Sun P, Dong Y, Huang Y, Lu JJ, Kong L. In vitro evaluation of photon and carbon ion radiotherapy in combination with cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Front Oncol 2023; 13:896142. [PMID: 37081974 PMCID: PMC10110960 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.896142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHeavy ion radiotherapy, such as carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), has multiple advantages over conventional photon therapy. Cisplatin, as a classic anti-tumor drugs, has been tested and discovered as a photon radiosensitizer in several cell lines, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hence, the aim of our study is to evaluate whether cisplatin can sensitize CIRT towards HNSCC cell lines in vitro.MethodsHuman nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2, human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line TCA 8113 and human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cell line FADU were all irradiated with photon beam of 2, 4, 6, 8 Gy (physical dose) and carbon ion beam of 1, 2, 3, 4 Gy (physical dose) and treated with cisplatin. Cell survival was assessed by clonogenic survival assay.ResultsCIRT showed significantly stronger cytotoxic effect than standard photon radiotherapy. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon ion beam at 10% survival (RBE10) was calculated 3.07 for CNE-2, 2.33 for TCA 8113 and 2.36 for FADU. Chemoradiotherapy (both photon radiotherapy and CIRT) was more effective than radiotherapy alone. In vitro sensitizer enhancement ratios (SERs) of cisplatin in CNE-2, TCA 8113 and FA DU cell lines after photon irradiation were 1.33, 1.14 and 1.21, while after carbon ion irradiation were 1.02, 1.00 and 0.96, showed that cisplatin sensitized photon irradiation but showed no sensitization effect in carbon ion irradiation in all tested cell lines.ConclusionsIn conclusion, high linear energy transfer (LET) CIRT was more effective than photon irradiation to prevent the proliferation of HNSCC cell lines. Additional treatment with cisplatin could sensitize photon irradiation but showed no effect on carbon ion irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Pian Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangle Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiade Jay Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiade Jay Lu, ; Lin Kong,
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiade Jay Lu, ; Lin Kong,
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2
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Bolgi O, Silva-Garcia M, Ross B, Pilla E, Kari V, Killisch M, Spitzner M, Stark N, Lenz C, Weiss K, Donzelli L, Gorrell MD, Grade M, Riemer J, Urlaub H, Dobbelstein M, Huber R, Geiss-Friedlander R. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 triggers BRCA2 degradation and promotes DNA damage repair. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54136. [PMID: 35912982 PMCID: PMC9535758 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal sequences are important sites for post-translational modifications that alter protein localization, activity, and stability. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a serine aminopeptidase with the rare ability to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides with imino acid proline in the second position. Here, we identify the tumor-suppressor BRCA2 as a DPP9 substrate and show this interaction to be induced by DNA damage. We present crystallographic structures documenting intracrystalline enzymatic activity of DPP9, with the N-terminal Met1-Pro2 of a BRCA21-40 peptide captured in its active site. Intriguingly, DPP9-depleted cells are hypersensitive to genotoxic agents and are impaired in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. Mechanistically, DPP9 targets BRCA2 for degradation and promotes the formation of RAD51 foci, the downstream function of BRCA2. N-terminal truncation mutants of BRCA2 that mimic a DPP9 product phenocopy reduced BRCA2 stability and rescue RAD51 foci formation in DPP9-deficient cells. Taken together, we present DPP9 as a regulator of BRCA2 stability and propose that by fine-tuning the cellular concentrations of BRCA2, DPP9 alters the BRCA2 interactome, providing a possible explanation for DPP9's role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Bolgi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Silva-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Breyan Ross
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany.,Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Esther Pilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Kari
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Killisch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Spitzner
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Stark
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Weiss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Donzelli
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Riemer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Redox Biochemistry, and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- Max Planck Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany.,Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Eckert F, Jelas I, Oehme M, Huber SM, Sonntag K, Welker C, Gillies SD, Strittmatter W, Zips D, Handgretinger R, Schilbach K. Tumor-targeted IL-12 combined with local irradiation leads to systemic tumor control via abscopal effects in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1323161. [PMID: 28680762 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1323161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NHS-IL12 is an immunocytokine, a fusion protein of IL12's functional domains and a necrosis-targeting antibody, which has shown significant effects against human rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts in a humanized tumor model, including terminal growth arrest and differentiation of the tumor cells. Here, we locally irradiated the tumors, increasing necrosis and consequently intratumoral immune cytokine availability, and asked whether this effect may surmount efficacy of single treatment modality. Humanized mice bearing bilateral rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts were evaluated for tumor burden and survival after irradiation, systemic NHS-IL12 therapy or a combination of both. Intratumoral immune compartments were characterized by immunohistochemistry and molecular methods. TH1-cytokine dependency of underlying effector mechanisms were investigated in vitro in several human tumor cell lines. NHS-IL12 when combined with irradiation terminally arrested tumor growth and significantly improved survival. Combination treatment induced dense intratumoral T-cell infiltrates, clonal epitope-specific T-cell expansions, expression of cytotoxins, decreased pro-tumorigenic cytokines and induced senescence and differentiation in the cancer cells. Senescence and differentiation were reproduced in vitro and confirmed to be dependent on TH1 cytokines IFNγ and TNF-α. NHS-IL12 and irradiation together induced broad intratumoral TH1 biased NK and T-cell compartments, established antitumoral cytokine profiles and irreversibly growth arrested tumor cells, leading to systemic cancer control and improved survival. For the first time, we describe immune-induced senescence as a novel mechanism resulting from a treatment regimen combining irradiation with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Jelas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Oehme
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology/Hematology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Sonntag
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology/Hematology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Welker
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology/Hematology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology/Hematology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schilbach
- Department of General Pediatrics, Oncology/Hematology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Kobayashi D, Oike T, Shibata A, Niimi A, Kubota Y, Sakai M, Amornwhichet N, Yoshimoto Y, Hagiwara Y, Kimura Y, Hirota Y, Sato H, Isono M, Yoshida Y, Kohno T, Ohno T, Nakano T. Mitotic catastrophe is a putative mechanism underlying the weak correlation between sensitivity to carbon ions and cisplatin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40588. [PMID: 28091564 PMCID: PMC5238371 DOI: 10.1038/srep40588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer therapy today, carbon ion radiotherapy is used mainly as monotherapy, whereas cisplatin is used concomitantly with X-ray radiotherapy. The effectiveness of concomitant carbon ions and cisplatin is unclear. To obtain the information on the mechanisms potentially shared between carbon ions or X-rays and cisplatin, we assessed the correlation of sensitivity to the single treatments. In 20 human cancer cell lines, sensitivity to X-rays strongly correlated with sensitivity to cisplatin, indicating the presence of potentially shared target mechanisms. Interestingly, the correlation of sensitivity to carbon ions and cisplatin was much weaker than that of sensitivity to X-rays and cisplatin, indicating the presence of potentially different target mechanisms between carbon ions and cisplatin. Assessment of clonogenic cell death by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining showed that mitotic catastrophe was more efficiently induced by carbon ions than by the same physical dose of X-rays, while apoptosis and senescence were not. These data indicate that the correlation of sensitivity to carbon ions and cisplatin is weaker than that of sensitivity to X-rays and cisplatin, which are helpful as biological basis to understand the potentially shared mechanism among these treatments. Further investigation is mandatory to elucidate the clinical efficacy of carbon ions and cisplatin combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Kobayashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsuko Niimi
- Research Program for Heavy Ion Therapy, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Napapat Amornwhichet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuya Yoshimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hagiwara
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuka Hirota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mayu Isono
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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5
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Munaweera I, Shi Y, Koneru B, Saez R, Aliev A, Di Pasqua AJ, Balkus KJ. Chemoradiotherapeutic Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Treatment of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3588-96. [PMID: 26325115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and approximately 85% of all lung cancers are classified as nonsmall cell (NSCLC). We here use an innovative approach that may ultimately allow for the clinician to target tumors and aggressively reduce tumor burden in patients with NSCLC. In this study, a platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapeutic (cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin) and holmium-165 (Ho), which can be neutron-activated to produce the holmium-166 radionuclide, have been incorporated together in a garnet magnetic nanoparticle (HoIG-Pt) for selective delivery to tumors using an external magnet. The synthesized magnetic HoIG nanoparticles were characterized using PXRD, TEM, ICP-MS, and neutron-activation. Platinum(II) drugs were incorporated onto HoIG, and these were characterized using FTIR, EDX, ICP-MS, and zeta potential measurements, and in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using a HoIG-platinum system. Results indicate that neutron-activated (166)HoIG-cisplatin is more toxic toward NSCLC A549 cells than is blank (166)HoIG and free cisplatin, and that when an external magnetic field is applied in vivo, higher tumor to liver ratios of Ho are observed than when no magnet is applied, suggesting that magnetic targeting is achieved using this system. Furthermore, an efficacy study demonstrated the inhibition of tumor growth by chemoradiotherapeutic magnetic nanoparticles, compared to no treatment controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imalka Munaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Depatment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Bhuvaneswari Koneru
- Depatment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Ruben Saez
- Texas Health Research and Education Institute , Plano, Texas 75093, United States
| | - Ali Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anthony J Di Pasqua
- Depatment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Kenneth J Balkus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas , 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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6
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Hill EJ, Nicolay NH, Middleton MR, Sharma RA. Oxaliplatin as a radiosensitiser for upper and lower gastrointestinal tract malignancies: what have we learned from a decade of translational research? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 83:353-87. [PMID: 22309673 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the greatest advances in the treatment of solid malignancies have resulted from the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments. This article comprehensively reviews the current clinical evidence for oxaliplatin-based chemo-radiotherapy that may improve local control and survival. In order to understand how clinical studies should be designed, the pre-clinical evidence for the use of oxaliplatin chemotherapy as a radiosensitising agent is appraised. Particular focus is placed on oxaliplatin's biological mechanisms of action, including cell cycle effects, the formation of DNA adducts and interstrand cross-links and the role of DNA repair proteins. At a clinical level, there is currently no evidence to suggest that oxaliplatin provides an additional benefit to concurrent chemo-radiation regimes that utilise fluoropyrimidines; we evaluate the reasons for this observation, the limitations of clinical trial design and the opportunities that currently exist to design clinical trials which are underpinned by an understanding of the basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme J Hill
- Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, Oncology Department, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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7
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Spitzner M, Emons G, Kramer F, Gaedcke J, Rave-Fränk M, Scharf JG, Burfeind P, Becker H, Beissbarth T, Ghadimi BM, Ried T, Grade M. A gene expression signature for chemoradiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:1184-92. [PMID: 20970032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The standard treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancers comprises preoperative 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy followed by standardized surgery. However, tumor response to multimodal treatment has varied greatly, ranging from complete resistance to complete pathologic regression. The prediction of the response is, therefore, an important clinical need. METHODS AND MATERIALS To establish in vitro models for studying the molecular basis of this heterogeneous tumor response, we exposed 12 colorectal cancer cell lines to 3 μM of 5-fluorouracil and 2 Gy of radiation. The differences in treatment sensitivity were then correlated with the pretherapeutic gene expression profiles of these cell lines. RESULTS We observed a heterogeneous response, with surviving fractions ranging from 0.28 to 0.81, closely recapitulating clinical reality. Using a linear model analysis, we identified 4,796 features whose expression levels correlated significantly with the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy (Q <.05), including many genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway or cell cycle genes. These data have suggested a potential relevance of the insulin and Wnt signaling pathways for treatment response, and we identified STAT3, RASSF1, DOK3, and ERBB2 as potential therapeutic targets. The microarray measurements were independently validated for a subset of these genes using real-time polymerase chain reactions. CONCLUSION We are the first to report a gene expression signature for the in vitro chemoradiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. We anticipate that this analysis will unveil molecular biomarkers predictive of the response of rectal cancers to chemoradiotherapy and enable the identification of genes that could serve as targets to sensitize a priori resistant primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spitzner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Vo V, Kabuloglu-Karayusuf ZG, Carper SW, Bennett BL, Evilia C. Novel 4,4'-diether-2,2'-bipyridine cisplatin analogues are more effective than cisplatin at inducing apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1163-70. [PMID: 20074971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of dichloro(4,4'-bis[methoxy]-2,2'-bipyridine)platinum (1) and dichloro(4,4'-bis[3-methoxy-n-propyl]-2,2'-bipyridine)platinum (2) are described. As analogues to CDDP, these 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridine complexes exhibit decreased EC(50) values of 10-100 times in cancer cell lines of the lung, prostate, and melanoma with several combinations of complex and cell line less than 10 microM. Flow cytometry data indicate 'blocks' of MDA-MD-435 cycle by 1 (G2/M) and 2 (S). Observed cell survival trends in the presence of 1, 2 under ionizing radiation mimic those of CDDP. Preliminary structure activity relationships are discussed for the 4,4'-substitutions made on the bipyridine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Vo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, United States
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9
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Hofheinz RD, Wenz F, Lukan N, Mai S, Kripp M, Staiger W, Schwarzbach M, Willeke F, Möhler M, Post S, Hochhaus A. Oxaliplatin and capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer--an extended phase I MARGIT and AIO trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 73:142-7. [PMID: 18539404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy has been shown to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer. To optimize these results, in the present study oxaliplatin and capecitabine were used instead of 5-fluorouracil. We sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of these drugs in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with resected adenocarcinoma of the stomach or the gastroesophageal junction were included. They received two cycles of induction chemotherapy (oxaliplatin and capecitabine [XelOx] regimen). Using standard Phase I methodology, patients received 45 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions either in combination with capecitabine 825 mg m(-1) twice a day (Dose Level [DL] I) or capecitabine in combination with weekly oxaliplatin 40 or 50 mg m(-1) (DL II and III). After the completion of chemoradiation, two additional cycles of XelOx were scheduled. RESULTS A total of 32 patients were recruited. Only 1 of 6 patients evaluable on DL I had DLT. Of the first 6 patients on DL II, 1 patient experienced DLT, and 3 of the remaining patients had Grade 3 toxicity. Therefore, DL II was defined as the maximum tolerated dose and a total of 20 patients were treated at this DL. The most frequently observed toxicities (Common Toxicity Criteria Grades 1, 2 and 3) were, respectively, leukocytopenia in 5, 5, and 4 patients; nausea in 3, 7, and 3; and diarrhea in 4, 0, and 1. CONCLUSIONS In summary, capecitabine 825 mg m(-1) twice a day (Days 1-33) and weekly oxaliplatin 40 mg m(-1) was safe and tolerable in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Furthermore, four cycles of XelOx could be applied before and after chemoradiotherapy in two thirds of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz
- Onkologisches Zentrum, III. Medizinische Klinik Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Folkvord S, Flatmark K, Seierstad T, Røe K, Rasmussen H, Ree AH. Inhibitory effects of oxaliplatin in experimental radiation treatment of colorectal carcinoma: does oxaliplatin improve 5-fluorouracil-dependent radiosensitivity? Radiother Oncol 2008; 86:428-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Hermann RM, Rave-Fränk M, Pradier O. Combining radiation with oxaliplatin: a review of experimental results. Cancer Radiother 2008; 12:61-7. [PMID: 18243751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is integrated in treatment strategies against a variety of cancers including chemoradiation protocols against gastrointestinal, especially rectal cancers. Solid biological data with respect to radiosensitizing activity of oxaliplatin are still rare. This review is based on in vitro and experimental in vivo data concerning the combination of oxaliplatin and radiation published until July 2007. Taking either cell viability or clonogenic survival as an endpoint all reported on oxaliplatin-induced radiosensitization, and enhancement ratios ranged from 1.1 to 2.2. In vivo, enhanced tumor growth delay after combined oxaliplatin and radiation treatment was also reported. Therefore, oxaliplatin should be considered a potent radiosensitizer, although the mechanisms causing radiosensitizing properties of oxaliplatin have not been studied in detail. Herein, they are discussed with respect to apoptosis induction, p53-related signalling, cell cycle control, and DNA-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Hermann
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Abteilung Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
IPdR (5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribose) is a novel orally available, halogenated thymidine (TdR) analog and is a potential radiosensitizer for use in human tumors, such as rectal, pancreas, sarcoma and glioma tumors. IPdR is a prodrug that is efficiently converted to IUdR (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine), an intravenous radiosensitizer by a hepatic aldehyde oxidase, resulting in high IPdR and IUdR plasma levels in mice for > or = 1 h after oral IPdR. Athymic mice tolerated oral IPdR to doses up to 1500 mg/kg/day t.i.d. for 6 - 14 days without significant systemic toxicities. A number of in vivo preclinical studies have demonstrated that IPdR is a superior radiosensitizer compared with IUdR given as a continuous infusion in terms of safety and efficacy with a significantly lower toxicity profile, including gastrointestinal and hematologic side effects. A preclinical study has shown that IPdR is effective in inducing human colon cancer xenograft radiosensitization in drug-resistant DNA mismatch repair-proficient and -deficient tumor models, as well as in human globlastoma xenograft. In anticipation of performing a clinical Phase I trial in humans, investigators also studied the drug pharmacokinetics and host toxicities in two non-rodent, animal species during a 14-day treatment course. Dose-limiting systemic toxicities (diarrhea, emesis, weight loss and decreased motor activity) were observed in ferrets receiving IPdR at 1500 mg/kg/day on a 14-day schedule that were not found previously in athymic mice. Recently, a once-daily IPdR dosing up to 2000/mg/kg for 28 days in Fischer-344 rats showed reversible mild-to-moderate systemic toxicities without any severe or life-threatening toxicities. However, in all preclinical toxicity studies so far, no significant hematologic, biochemical or histopathologic changes have been found. Hepatic aldehyde oxidase activity was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in the ferret liver, suggesting partial enzyme inactivation by this IPdwR schedule, but that is not found in Fischer-344 rats. The plasma pharmacokinetic profile in Rhesus monkeys showing biexponential clearance are similar to previously published data in athymic mice. In this paper, the authors review the development, mechanism of action, preclinical data and rationale for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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