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Pham ND, Tran TM, Anderson D, Che QT, Pham HTK. Baseline micronucleus frequencies and 60Co cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay dose-response curve for biodosimetry in Vietnam. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:221-228. [PMID: 37807769 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to establish baseline micronucleus (MN) frequencies from various populations of residents in Vietnam and develop a 60Co dose-response curve for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Blood samples were exposed in vitro to a 60Co source at a dose rate of 275 mGy per min in a range of 0.1 to 4.0 Gy. MN background frequencies were 4.5 ± 3.2, 7.3 ± 4.6, 7.0 ± 3.8 and 13.1 ± 6.7 in 1000 binucleated (BN) cells for 96 healthy donors, 22 male radiation workers and 12 breast cancer patients, respectively. Blood samples from three healthy donors were used to generate the MN dose-response curve: y = C + (0.0496 ± 0.0069)D + (0.0143 ± 0.0026)D2. This curve was verified through an inter-laboratory comparison (RENEB ILC 2021). Our findings highlight the significance of the CBMN assay as an additional essential tool for biodosimetry in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Duy Pham
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Mai Tran
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Donovan Anderson
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1, Hon-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Quang Tuan Che
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
| | - Ho Thuat Khoa Pham
- Radiation Technology and Biotechnology Center, Dalat Nuclear Research Institute, No. 01, Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat City, Lamdong Province 66000, Vietnam
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2
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Çobanoğlu H, Çayır A. Occupational exposure to radiation among health workers: Genome integrity and predictors of exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 893:503726. [PMID: 38272632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate genomic instabilities in healthcare workers who may experience varying levels of radiation exposure through various radiological procedures. It also sought to determine if factors related to the work environment and dosimeter reading could effectively explain the observed genomic instabilities. Utilizing the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) on peripheral blood lymphocytes, we assessed a spectrum of genomic aberrations, including nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), nuclear budding (NBUD), micronucleus (MN) formation, and total DNA damage (TDD). The study uncovered a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of distinct DNA anomalies among radiology workers (with a significance level of P < 0.0001 for all measurements). Notably, parameters such as total working hours, average work duration, and time spent in projection radiography exhibited significant correlations with MN and TDD levels in these workers. The dosimeter readings demonstrated a positive correlation with the frequency of NPB and NBUD, indicating a substantial association between radiation exposure and these two genomic anomalies. Our multivariable models identified the time spent in projection radiography as a promising parameter for explaining the overall genomic instability observed in these professionals. Thus, while dosimeters alone may not fully explain elevated total DNA damage, intrinsic work environment factors hold potential in indicating exposure levels for these individuals, providing a complementary approach to monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey.
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Liu W, Liu H, Gao W, Xie L, Cao Y. Physiological Effects of Co-exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Noise within Occupational Exposure Limits. HEALTH PHYSICS 2023; 125:332-337. [PMID: 37552111 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Workers are frequently exposed to the occupational hazards of ionizing radiation and noise. Co-exposure to these hazards is not well understood in terms of their physiological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of co-exposure to ionizing radiation and noise within the occupational limit. This study extracted the physical examination parameters of workers who met the screening criteria from the occupational health surveillance database. The workers were divided into three groups: the co-exposure (COE) group, the ionizing radiation exposure (ION) group, and the non-exposure (NON) group. The age and sex of the three groups were matched with a sample size ratio of 1:3:3. The physical examination parameters of the three groups of workers were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in blood pressure and blood biochemical parameters among the three groups. The COE group had higher levels of free triiodothyronine than the ION group, but there was no difference with the NON group. Moreover, the COE group had lower levels of free tetraiodothyronine than the ION group and the NON group. There was no significant difference in thyroid stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine, and total tetraiodothyronine among the three groups. Additionally, the number of white blood cells of the COE group was lower than that of ION group and NON group. This study suggests that co-exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation and noise can cause alterations in thyroid hormone and peripheral white blood cells. These alterations are different from those observed after single exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Liu
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, and Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, The People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Gusu District Health Supervision Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Xie
- Department of general family medicine, Baita Community Health Service Center of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Cao
- Department of Occupational Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
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Kochanova D, Gulati S, Durdik M, Jakl L, Kosik P, Skorvaga M, Vrobelova K, Vigasova K, Markova E, Salat D, Klepanec A, Belyaev I. Effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on genomic instability in interventional radiology workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15525. [PMID: 37726322 PMCID: PMC10509213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional radiologists are chronically exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (IR), which may represent a health risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genomic instability by analyzing chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and 53BP1 DNA repair foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiologists. Based on the IAEA guidelines on biodosimetry using dicentrics, the average protracted whole-body dose in radiologists were estimated. Since preleukemic fusion genes (PFG) are the primary events leading to leukemia, we also studied their presence by RT-qPCR and FISH. No significant difference in 53BP1 foci and incidence of PFG (MLL-AF4, MLL-AF9, AML1-ETO, BCR-ABL p190) was found in cells of interventional radiologists in comparison to controls. However, our results showed an increased frequency of micronuclei and various types of chromosomal aberrations including dicentrics in interventional radiologists. The average protracted whole body estimated dose was defined at 452.63 mGy. We also found a significantly higher amplification of the MLL gene segment and increased RNA expression in cells of interventional radiologists in comparison to controls. In conclusion, our results showed that long-term low-dose IR induces genomic instability in interventional radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kochanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Sachin Gulati
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vrobelova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Salat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Namestie J. Herdu 577/2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Ltd., Stanicna 1062/24, 911 05, Trencin, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Klepanec
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Namestie J. Herdu 577/2, 917 01, Trnava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Spitalska 24 , 813 72 , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Pajic J, Milovanovic APS. Biological response to the continuous occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and radionuclides. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1934-1947. [PMID: 37498230 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antineoplastic drugs and radioiodine are recognized occupational risk factors affecting the genetic material of exposed persons. To assess cytogenetic damage and evaluate the presence of chromosomal instability during occupational exposure, a biomonitoring study was performed using a chromosomal aberration assay and a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 314 healthy donors divided into 3 groups (control, exposed to antineoplastic drugs and exposed to radioiodine) were collected and cytogenetically analyzed. RESULTS There was an increase in almost all analyzed parameters registered in the exposed persons. Chromatid breaks were higher in the subjects exposed to antineoplastic drugs, while dicentrics and premature centromere division (PCD) parameters were higher in nuclear medicine workers. The total number of micronuclei was higher in both groups of the exposed. The correlation analysis indicated the association of dicentrics, acentrics, chromosome and chromatid break with PCDs in both groups of the exposed, and micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges with PCDs in the subjects exposed to radioiodine. The discriminant analysis marked off PCD1-5 as the best predictor of exposure. Age, sex, sampling season and duration of exposure significantly influenced the analyzed parameters, while smoking habits did not show any influence. CONCLUSION Based on the observed results, premature centromere division can be considered a valuable parameter of genotoxic risk for individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar P S Milovanovic
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
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Mousavikia SN, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Khademi S, Soukhtanloo M, Azimian H. Evaluation of micronuclei and antioxidant status in hospital radiation workers occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:540. [PMID: 37226157 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is scientific evidence that ionizing radiation (IR) can be responsible for various health hazards that are one of the concerns in occupational exposure. This study was performed to evaluate DNA damage and antioxidant status in hospital workers who are occupationally exposed to low doses of IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, twenty occupationally exposed to low doses of IR (CT and angiography) comprising with control groups which matched them. In order to investigate the effects of chronic irradiation of radiation workers, Micronuclei (MN) frequency and the antioxidant activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured. Then, to check adaptation against high challenge dose, the samples (in all groups) were irradiated in vitro and MN frequency was compared. Finally, to investigated the effect of the high dose after the acute and chronic low dose of ionizing radiation, MN frequency was compared in two groups (the control group that was to in-vitro irradiated (acute low dose + high dose) and radiation workers (chronic low dose + high dose)). RESULTS MN frequency in the occupationally exposed group (n = 30) increased significantly when compared to the control group (p-value < 0.0001). However, chronic irradiation of radiation workers could not lead to an adaptive Sresponse, while acute low-doses could produce this effect (p-value ˂ 0.05). In addition, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and TAC were not statistically different between the radiation workers and the control group (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed that exposure to low doses of IR leads to increased cytogenetic damage, could not cause an adaptive-response, and improve antioxidant capacity in radiation workers. Controlling healthcare workers' exposure is the first step to improving the health of hospital workers and the quality of patient care, thus decreasing human and economic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mousavikia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Khademi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kargar-Shouroki F, Halvani GH, Sharmandehmola FA. Effect of simultaneous exposure to inhalational anesthetics and radiation on the adaptive response in operating room personnel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10128-10135. [PMID: 36070043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some operating room personnel, such as orthopedic surgeons, are exposed simultaneously to inhalational anesthetics (IAs) and radiation that both can cause DNA damage. Some studies have shown that low doses of radiation reduce DNA damage when the cells are followed by a higher dose of the same or related agent. This study, therefore, set out to compare DNA damage in the anesthesiologists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and healthcare staff (non-exposed group). In this cross-sectional study, breathing zone concentrations of anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in the studied groups using standard method. Additionally, DNA damage was measured by micronucleus (MN) assay. The mean concentrations of N2O in the anesthesiologists and orthopedic surgeons were 450.27 ± 327.44 ppm and 313.64 ± 216.14 ppm, respectively. The mean annual exposure to X-rays radiation in radiologists and orthopedic surgeons was 15.65 ± 8.46 mSy/year and 3.56 ± 1.32 mSy/year, respectively. MN frequencies were significantly higher in anesthesiologists and radiologists exposed to IAs and X-rays radiation respectively than in the non-exposed healthcare staff. While, there were no statistically significant differences between MN frequencies of orthopedic surgeons exposed to both IAs and radiation and healthcare staff. These findings suggest that an earlier exposure of orthopedic surgeons to a small dose of ionizing radiation can increase their resistance to genotoxicity caused by high doses of N2O, a phenomenon that is called adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Gholam Hossein Halvani
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Sharmandehmola
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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8
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Kravets A, Sokolova D. Effects of genomic instability in populations of Drosophila melanogaster from regions of Ukraine with different impact of radiation factors. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:510-515. [PMID: 35930480 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate differences in the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as one of the indicators of genome instability through natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from Ukrainian regions with different radiation impacts. Follow-up study of the dynamics of this indicator under chronic exposure in laboratory conditions for 10 generations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in two stages. The first one included trapping of insects in regions with different radiation loads with subsequent assessment of both the time of maturation and the index of the gonadal dysgenesis through the first (F1) generation, obtained in laboratory conditions. At the second stage, the dynamics of this indicator were investigated for the F1-descendants of each ten consequent generations, which were developed under laboratory conditions both with and without additional gamma-exposure with different characteristics of the dose rate 1.2 × 10-8, 0.3 × 10-8 and 0.12 × 10-8 Gy/sec. RESULTS Differences in the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as one of the indicators of genome instability were revealed in F1-descendants of natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from regions of different radiation impact. Under conditions of additional low rate chronic irradiation in laboratory conditions for 10 generations, significant differences in changes in the level and dynamics of this indicator were established depending on the accumulated dose of Drosophila populations from the city of Netishyn (Khmelnytskyi NPP) and Magarach city. There were no signs of adaptation. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between the real and expected biological effects has reflected the difference in the intensity of the radiation background, which was traditionally determined by the gamma-emitters and did not take into account the wide range of other genotoxic elements from nuclear power emissions. A complex, non-monotonic type of frequency dynamics of gonadal dysgenesis could be determined by the interaction of radiation damage, protection and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kravets
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Daryna Sokolova
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Güngördü N, Kurtul S, Özdil A, Erdoğan MS. Does occupational ionizing radiation exposure in healthcare workers affect their hematological parameters? ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2022; 78:80-87. [PMID: 35713609 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2022.2089088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blood cells are used as the most sensitive marker to determine the effects and intensity of ionizing radiation. This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the effect of radiation exposure on hematological parameters in healthcare workers who were exposed to radiation in a university hospital between May and June 2021. A total of 339 participants were included, of which 169 (49.9%) were radiation workers and 170 (50.1%) were in the control group. A decrease was observed in white blood cell and neutrophil counts in those exposed to ionizing radiation for less than 10 years; however, white blood cell, neutrophil, hemoglobin levels decreased, and red cell distribution width (RDW) levels increased in those exposed to ionizing radiation for 10 years or more (p < 0.005). A statistically significant increase was observed in the RDW and lymphocyte levels as the years of work experience in the profession increase in the group exposed to IR. The findings indicate that the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on the hematopoietic system is related to the frequency and duration of the dose. Hematological parameters can be sensitive biomarkers of low-dose ionizing radiation; possible disturbances in the hematopoietic system can be recognized before the onset of symptoms, and necessary precautions can be taken promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejdiye Güngördü
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Kurtul
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Özdil
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Guo JJ, Liu N, Ma Z, Gong ZJ, Liang YL, Cheng Q, Zhong XG, Yao ZJ. Dose-Response Effects of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on Blood Parameters in Industrial Irradiation Workers. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221105695. [PMID: 35693871 PMCID: PMC9174562 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While previous studies have focused on the health effects of occupational
exposure of radiations on medical radiation workers, few have analyzed the
dose-response relationship between low radiation doses and changes in blood
parameters. Even fewer studies have been conducted on industrial worker
populations. Using a prospective cohort study design, this study collected
health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from 705 industrial
irradiation workers who underwent regular physical examinations at Dongguan
Sixth People’s Hospital. The dose-response effects of low-dose ionizing
radiation on blood parameters were assessed using a generalized linear model and
restricted cubic spline model. Red blood cell counts decreased then increased,
before decreasing again with increasing ionizing radiation. This was in contrast
to the curve of the total platelet count after irradiation. Additionally, a
radiation dose of 2.904 mSv was the turning point for the nonlinear curve of
hemoglobin count changes. In conclusion, long-term, low-dose ionizing radiation
affects blood cell levels in industrial irradiation workers. There is a
nonlinear dose-response relationship between red blood cell, platelet, and
hemoglobin counts and the cumulative radiation dose. These findings should alert
radiation workers to seek preventive medical treatment before the occurrence of
any serious hematopoietic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-jia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- The Sixth People’s Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Zi-jun Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-lang Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhen-jiang Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Soylemez E, Ozcagli E, Korkmaz S, Tok OE, Aydin MS, Omurtag GZ. The modulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage to radiology technicians by repair enzymes XRCC1 and XRCC3 The association of oxidative stress and DNA damage with XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in radiology technicians. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:70-79. [PMID: 35191782 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211062680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has widespread use in medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions. Radiology technicians are one group that is occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation. There are questions regarding whether low dose exposure to radiation could have long-term health consequences. Assessing the effect of radiation on genetic material is essential for appraising long-term health results. Hereditary variations in DNA repair genes cause differentiation in individual responses to radiation related health effects. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and DNA damage, and their relationship to XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms in radiology technicians occupationally exposed to low dose radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 radiology technicians and age-matched with 40 healthy control individuals working in office environments. Our results showed that radiology technicians had significantly greater oxidative stress and DNA damage than the control group, and women appeared more susceptible to occupational radiation exposure than men. Individuals with wild-type genotypes for XRCC1 (Arg/Arg) and XRCC3 (Thr/Thr) had less DNA damage. Lower DNA damage levels could be explained by the enhanced capacity to repair low dose radiation induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of DNA repair genes in individuals that are occupationally exposed to low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Soylemez
- Department of Pharmacology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 369917İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Department of Virology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Olgu Enis Tok
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, 472602İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulden Zehra Omurtag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
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12
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Low Dose Ionising Radiation-Induced Hormesis: Therapeutic Implications to Human Health. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of radiation-induced hormesis, whereby a low dose is beneficial and a high dose is detrimental, has been gaining attention in the fields of molecular biology, environmental toxicology and radiation biology. There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of hormetic dose response not only in the radiation field, but also with molecular agents. However, there is continuing debate on the magnitude and mechanism of radiation hormetic dose response, which could make further contributions, as a research tool, to science and perhaps eventually to public health due to potential therapeutic benefits for society. The biological phenomena of low dose ionising radiation (LDIR) includes bystander effects, adaptive response, hypersensitivity, radioresistance and genomic instability. In this review, the beneficial and the detrimental effects of LDIR-induced hormesis are explored, together with an overview of its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that may potentially provide an insight to the therapeutic implications to human health in the future.
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Biomarkers of Genotoxicity in Medical Workers Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147504. [PMID: 34299125 PMCID: PMC8304237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical staff represent the largest group of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Chronic exposure to low-dose IR may result in DNA damage and genotoxicity associated with increased risk of cancer. This review aims to identify the genotoxicity biomarkers that are the most elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed health workers. A systematic review of the literature was performed to retrieve relevant studies with various biomarkers of genotoxicity. Subsequent meta-analyses produced a pooled effect size for several endpoints. The search procedure yielded 65 studies. Chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies were significantly different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers (θpooled = 3.19, 95% CI 1.46–4.93; and θpooled = 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–1.86, for total aberrant cells and MN frequencies, respectively), which was not the case for ring chromosomes and nucleoplasmic bridges. Although less frequently used, stable translocations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and comet assay endpoints were also statistically different between IR-exposed and unexposed workers. This review confirms the relevance of CA and MN as genotoxicity biomarkers that are consistently elevated in IR-exposed vs. unexposed workers. Other endpoints are strong candidates but require further studies to validate their usefulness. The integration of the identified biomarkers in future prospective epidemiological studies is encouraged.
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Tian XL, Lu X, Cai TJ, Lyu YM, Tian M, Liu QJ. Cytogenetic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes from medical radiation professionals occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 2021; 867:503370. [PMID: 34266630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the health risk of low-dose radiation to radiation professionals, monitoring is performed through chromosomal aberration analysis and micronuclei (MN) analysis. MN formation has drawbacks for monitoring in the low-dose range. Nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) analysis, with a lower background level, has good dose-response relationships at both high and relatively low dose ranges. Dicentric and ring chromosomes were analyzed in 199 medical radiation professionals, and NPB/MN yields were analyzed in 205 radiation professionals. The effects of sex, age of donor, types of work, and length of service on these cytogenetic endpoints were also analyzed. The yields of the three cytogenetic endpoints were significantly higher in radiation professionals versus controls. Frequencies of dicentric plus ring chromosomes were affected by length of service. NPB frequencies were influenced by type of work and length of service. MN yields were affected not only by types of work and length of service but also by donor sex and age. In conclusion, dicentric plus ring chromosomes, NPB, and MN can be induced by low-dose radiation in radiation professionals. NPB is a potential biomarker to assess the health risk of occupational low-dose radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Yu-Min Lyu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zheng Zhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China.
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Zhang H, Hu L, Zhong G, Huo Z, Chen Y, Zhao S, Huang L. Preliminary assessment of genotoxic effects induced by radiation from EAST using Vicia fabamicronucleus assay. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:239-253. [PMID: 33508813 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abe0d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During long-pulse deuterium plasma operations in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), a mixed radiation field is generated, which is mainly composed of fusion neutrons, gamma rays, and x-rays. More accurate and effective dose monitoring methods have been developed and established to determine the ionizing radiation intensity both for the stable operation of the device and for the radiation safety of personnel. As far as we know, there are few reports about the biological effects of radiation induced by fusion neutrons andγradiation, which are of vital importance for the assessment of radiation hazards presented by fusion devices, such as EAST, to human beings and the environment. In this study, three positions in the EAST hall were selected to detect genotoxic effects induced by nuclear fusion radiation using aVicia fabamicronucleus (MN) test for the first time. The doses of neutrons and gamma rays at these places were measured by thermoluminescence dosimeters four times between June 2019 and May 2020. The radiation doses decreased as the distances from the EAST device shell gradually increased from S1 to S3. The radiation in the EAST hall resulted in a significant induction of MN in theVicia fabaroot tip cells compared to a negative control, which was different from the MN frequency induced by fission neutrons,γ-rays and other kinds of radiation in previous studies. These results indicate the existence of potential genotoxic effects induced by radiation from EAST which is different from other radiation and suggest that personnel should not be permitted to enter the experimental hall during the discharge process, and that radiation protection measures should be taken during necessary maintenance to avoid radiation damage. These newly acquired results will certainly increase our knowledge about the biological effects induced by radiation from nuclear fusion and provide good data support for developing more effective environmental and personnel fusion radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Huo
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangsheng Huang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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Bolbol SA, Zaitoun MF, Abou El-Magd SA, Mohammed NA. Healthcare Workers Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2021; 25:72-77. [PMID: 34421241 PMCID: PMC8341408 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_198_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation is well known to cause oxidative stress which is responsible for various health hazards. Controlling healthcare workers' exposure and raising attention toward continuous monitoring is the first step for improving both the health of healthcare workers and the quality of patient care, thus decreasing both human and economic costs. OBJECTIVES To assess oxidative stress by measuring the level of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and measure complete blood count (CBC) among healthcare workers exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted at the diagnostic radiology department on 31 healthcare workers exposed to ionizing radiation and a non-exposed group of 31 healthcare workers from outpatient clinics. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and CBC were measured among both groups. RESULTS MDA was significantly higher among the exposed group, while the level of SOD was significantly lower. Red blood cells and hemoglobin were significantly lower among the exposed group. The most significant predictor of oxidative stress was the duration of work. CONCLUSION Ionizing radiation exposure induce oxidative stress which has an important role in radiation-related health effects. Anemia was the most common hematological health hazards among the exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Bolbol
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona F. Zaitoun
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar A. Abou El-Magd
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Jagetia GC. Antioxidant activity of curcumin protects against the radiation-induced micronuclei formation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to various doses of γ-Radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:485-493. [PMID: 33464136 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1876948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiations trigger the formation of free radicals that damage DNA and cause cell death. DNA damage may be simply evaluated by micronucleus assay and the pharmacophores that impede free radicals could effectively reduce the DNA damage initiated by irradiation. Therefore, it was desired to determine the capacity of curcumin to alleviate micronuclei formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) exposed to 0-4 Gy of γ-radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPBLs were exposed to 3 Gy after 30 minutes of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 50 µg/mL curcumin treatment or with 0.5 μg/mL curcumin 30 minutes early to 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 Gy 60Co γ-irradiation. Cytokinesis of HPBLs was blocked by cytochalasin B and micronuclei scored. The ability of curcumin to suppress free radical induction in vitro was determined by standard methods. RESULTS HPBLs treated with different concentrations of curcumin before 3 Gy irradiation alleviated the micronuclei formation depending on curcumin concentration and the lowest micronuclei were detected at 0.5 µg/mL curcumin when compared to 3 Gy irradiation alone. Increasing curcumin concentration caused a gradual rise in micronuclei, and the significant increases were detected at 10-50 µg/mL curcumin than 3 Gy irradiation alone. Irradiation of HPBLs to different doses of γ-rays caused a significant rise in micronuclei depending on radiation dose, whereas HPBLs treated with 0.5 µg/mL curcumin 30 minutes before irradiation to different doses of γ-rays significantly reduced frequencies of HPBLs with one, two, or more micronuclei. Curcumin treatment inhibited the formation of hydroxyl (OH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and (nitric oxide) NO free radicals in a concentration-related way. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin when treated at a dose of 0.5 μg/mL attenuated micronuclei formation after γ-irradiation by inhibiting the formation of radiation-induced free radicals.
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Cervelli T, Basta G, Del Turco S. Effects of antioxidant nutrients on ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Kiang SC, Huh AS, Davis JR, Abou-Zamzam AM, Tomihama RT. Health Care System-Wide Analysis Identifies High Radiation Use Factors and Behaviors in Surgery. Am Surg 2020; 87:616-622. [PMID: 33135941 DOI: 10.1177/0003134820951488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Usage of radiation among various surgical specialists has not been comprehensively evaluated. A systems-based analysis evaluating intraoperative radiation can help identify high use factors and dose reduction behaviors leading to quality improvement initiatives. METHODS A retrospective review of all operative fluoroscopic-guided procedures from 2010 to 2017 from 4 hospitals in a tertiary academic health care system was performed. RESULTS One thousand two hundred fifty-two cases were analyzed, and notable trends in metrics including type of equipment, procedures, surgical field, surgical specialty, and dose reduction techniques were demonstrated. Higher radiation exposures were correlated with fixed vs. mobile C-arm usage (1229 mGy vs. 331 mGy, P = .001), abdominal/pelvic procedures (429.2 mGy vs. 274.0 mGy, P = .002), and embolization (2450.6 mGy vs. 328.2 mGy, P = .019). Vascular surgery averaged 40 times higher radiation exposure per patient than other specialties (613.3 mGy vs. 15.6 mGy, P = .001). Notably, vascular surgeons utilized dose reduction techniques less frequently than urology (21.5% vs. 70%, P = .001) but more than neurosurgery and orthopedics (21.5% vs. 1.3% and 0%, P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A system-wide health care analysis identified vascular surgery procedures, use of a fixed C-arm, abdominal/pelvic procedures, and embolization cases as having the highest radiation exposure. These data can serve as baseline information for future quality improvement initiatives regarding fluoroscopy usage by surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Kiang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Austin S Huh
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jessica R Davis
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Zamzam
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Roger T Tomihama
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Lopes NB, Almeida IV, Lopes PHS, Vicentini VEP. Radioprotective efficacy of plastic polymer against the toxicogenomic effects of radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG on human lymphocytes. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:154. [PMID: 32552900 PMCID: PMC7301467 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers occupationally exposed to 18F-FDG cannot wear protective equipment, such as lead aprons, since the interaction between high energy radiation (511 keV) and metal increases the dose of radiation absorption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shielding efficacy of a plastic polymer against the toxicogenomic effects of ionizing radiation in human lymphocytes, using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays. METHODS Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from three subjects and cultured under standard conditions. The cultures were exposed to 300 mCi of 18F-FDG at a distance of 10 cm for 10 min, in the absence of shielding or with lead, polymer, and lead + polymer shields. RESULTS Lead shielding was found to increase the number of counts detected by Geiger-Müller radiation monitors as a consequence of the photoelectron effect. Conversely, the lead + polymer shield reduced the number of counts. The lead, polymer, and lead + polymer shields significantly reduced the frequency of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds induced by ionizing radiation. Regarding cytotoxicity, only the lead + polymer shield re-established the cell cycle at the level observed for the negative control. CONCLUSIONS Lead aprons that are internally coated with polymer increased the radiological protection of individuals occupationally exposed to 18F-FDG PET/CT, especially during examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Vivian Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5.790, Bloco H67, Sala 11, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
- Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5.790, Bloco H67, Sala 11, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
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Fang L, Li J. Letter to the Editor: Assessment of Genomic Instability in Medical Workers Exposed to Chronic Low-dose X-rays in Northern China. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820921647. [PMID: 32577115 PMCID: PMC7288818 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820921647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Fang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Antioxidant status and cytogenetic damage in hospital workers occupationally exposed to low dose ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503152. [PMID: 32247560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the oxidative stress level and chromosomal damage induced by occupational exposure to low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Two hundred and eighteen hospital workers occupationally exposed to LDIR were included in this study, along with 118 healthy age- and gender-comparable controls. Occupational dosimetry records were collected over the last year and revealed that the accumulated annual dose for each hospital worker was below the permissible limit of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The individuals' oxidative and antioxidative status were determined by measuring the activities of copper zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) enzymes, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes. The effect of radiation on chromosomal integrity was measured by the frequency of micronuclei (MN) formation using the cytokinesis block technique. Our results showed that the activities of CuZn-SOD and CAT enzymes and MDA levels observed in the hospital workers were higher than those in the controls (p < 0.05). We did not find significant difference in GSH-Px enzyme activity between the two groups (p = 0.247). A higher frequency of MN was found in exposed groups than in the controls [3(1-5) ‰ versus 2(0.75-4) ‰; p<0.001]. The difference was significant for males (p = 0.012), but not females (p = 0.14). Multiple linear regression analysis showed differences in the oxidant activities and MN frequency between hospital workers and controls adjusted for age, gender, smoking status and drinking status. Correlation analysis indicated that the frequency of MN was positively associated with MDA levels (p < 0.05). Altogether, these results support the detrimental effects of chronic low dose radiation in humans, which involves the induction of oxidative stress and chromosomal damage.
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Zaguia N, Laplagne E, Colicchio B, Cariou O, Al Jawhari M, Heidingsfelder L, Hempel WM, Jrad BBH, Jeandidier E, Dieterlen A, Carde P, Voisin P, M’kacher R. A new tool for genotoxic risk assessment: Reevaluation of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using semi-automated scoring following telomere and centromere staining. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Santos G, Borges JMP, Avila-Rodriguez M, Gaíno SB, Barreto GE, Rúbio ÉP, Aguiar RM, Galembeck E, Bromochenkel CB, de Oliveira DM. Copper and Neurotoxicity in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4747-4754. [PMID: 31845627 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191217091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals (FR) act on living organisms and present unpaired electrons in the molecular orbitals of oxygen or nitrogen species. They are classified as redox reactions and account for a wide range of processes in biological systems. Genetic and environmental factors may alter the levels of FR in the cell, leading to deleterious consequences such as membrane lipid peroxidation, protein nitration, enzyme, carbohydrate and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in premature aging and a pro-inflammatory microenvironment as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). O2 radical ability to act as a Lewis base and to form a complex with metal transition such as iron and copper (Lewis acids) leads to biomolecules oxidation at physiological pH, thus increasing the possibility of injury and oxidative damage in biological tissues. In this review, we discuss the role of metals, like copper, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) derivative (s-APP-alpha) as an antioxidant and a possible adjuvant in the treatment of some autistic spectrum disorder symptoms (ASD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesivaldo Santos
- Department of Biological Science, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Julita M P Borges
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Érika P Rúbio
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Aguiar
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Galembeck
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Djalma M de Oliveira
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Southwestern of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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Fang L, Li J, Li W, Mao X, Ma Y, Hou D, Zhu W, Jia X, Qiao J. Assessment of Genomic Instability in Medical Workers Exposed to Chronic Low-Dose X-Rays in Northern China. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819891378. [PMID: 31819742 PMCID: PMC6883363 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819891378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of ionizing radiation (IR) in medical diagnosis and treatment
has caused considerable concern regarding the effects of occupational exposure
on human health. Despite this concern, little information is available regarding
possible effects and the mechanism behind chronic low-dose irradiation. The
present study assessed potential genomic damage in workers occupationally
exposed to low-dose X-rays. A variety of analyses were conducted, including
assessing the level of DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations (CA) as well as
cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, gene expression profiling, and
antioxidant level determination. Here, we report that the level of DNA damage,
CA, and CBMN were all significantly increased. Moreover, the gene expression and
antioxidant activities were changed in the peripheral blood of men exposed to
low-dose X-rays. Collectively, our findings indicated a strong correlation
between genomic instability and duration of low-dose IR exposure. Our data also
revealed the DNA damage repair and antioxidative mechanisms which could result
in the observed genomic instability in health-care workers exposed to chronic
low-dose IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Fang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jieqing Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesong Mao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dianjun Hou
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Jia
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Qiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Absence of mutations in the human interferon alpha-2b gene in workers chronically exposed to ionising radiation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70:104-108. [PMID: 31246567 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals chronically exposed to low-level ionising radiation (IR) run the risk of harmful and long-term adverse health effects, including gene mutations and cancer development. The search for reliable biomarkers of IR exposure in human population is still of great interest, as they may have a great implementation potential for the surveillance of occupationally exposed individuals. In this context, and considering previous literature, this study aimed to identify mutations in the human interferon alpha-2b (hIFNα-2b) as a potential biomarker of occupational chronic low-dose IR exposure linking low-IR exposure to the effects on haematopoiesis and reduced immunity. The analysis was performed in the genomic DNA of 51 uranium miners and 38 controls from Kazakhstan, and in 21 medical radiology workers and 21 controls from Italy. hIFNα-2b gene mutations were analysed with the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Sanger sequencing. However, none of the investigated workers had the hIFNα-2b mutation. This finding highlights the need for further research to identify biomarkers for early detection of health effects associated with chronic low-dose IR exposure.
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