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Imaoka T, Tanaka S, Tomita M, Doi K, Sasatani M, Suzuki K, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S, Kai M. Human-mouse comparison of the multistage nature of radiation carcinogenesis in a mathematical model. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1101-1111. [PMID: 38688826 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mouse models are vital for assessing risk from environmental carcinogens, including ionizing radiation, yet the interspecies difference in the dose response precludes direct application of experimental evidence to humans. Herein, we take a mathematical approach to delineate the mechanism underlying the human-mouse difference in radiation-related cancer risk. We used a multistage carcinogenesis model assuming a mutational action of radiation to analyze previous data on cancer mortality in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors and in lifespan mouse experiments. Theoretically, the model predicted that exposure will chronologically shift the age-related increase in cancer risk forward by a period corresponding to the time in which the spontaneous mutational process generates the same mutational burden as that the exposure generates. This model appropriately fitted both human and mouse data and suggested a linear dose response for the time shift. The effect per dose decreased with increasing age at exposure similarly between humans and mice on a per-lifespan basis (0.72- and 0.71-fold, respectively, for every tenth lifetime). The time shift per dose was larger by two orders of magnitude in humans (7.8 and 0.046 years per Gy for humans and mice, respectively, when exposed at ~35% of their lifetime). The difference was mostly explained by the two orders of magnitude difference in spontaneous somatic mutation rates between the species plus the species-independent radiation-induced mutation rate. Thus, the findings delineate the mechanism underlying the interspecies difference in radiation-associated cancer mortality and may lead to the use of experimental evidence for risk prediction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Rokkasho, Japan
| | - Masanori Tomita
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Sasatani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Department of Health Sciences, Nippon Bunri University, Oita, Japan
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2
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Wilson LJ, Kiffer FC, Berrios DC, Bryce-Atkinson A, Costes SV, Gevaert O, Matarèse BFE, Miller J, Mukherjee P, Peach K, Schofield PN, Slater LT, Langen B. Machine intelligence for radiation science: summary of the Radiation Research Society 67th annual meeting symposium. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36735963 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The era of high-throughput techniques created big data in the medical field and research disciplines. Machine intelligence (MI) approaches can overcome critical limitations on how those large-scale data sets are processed, analyzed, and interpreted. The 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society featured a symposium on MI approaches to highlight recent advancements in the radiation sciences and their clinical applications. This article summarizes three of those presentations regarding recent developments for metadata processing and ontological formalization, data mining for radiation outcomes in pediatric oncology, and imaging in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frederico C Kiffer
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Abigail Bryce-Atkinson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bruno F E Matarèse
- The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack Miller
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Pritam Mukherjee
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen Peach
- Department of Bionetics, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke T Slater
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK), Midlands, UK
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Section of Molecular Radiation Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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3
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Kolenda T, Paszkowska A, Braska A, Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Guglas K, Poter P, Wojtczak P, Bliźniak R, Lamperska K, Teresiak A. Host gene and its guest: short story about relation of long-noncoding MIR31HG transcript and microRNA miR-31. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:114-134. [PMID: 37122913 PMCID: PMC10132190 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2023.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the changes in a cellular phenotype without changes in the genotype. This term is not limited only to the modification of chromatin and DNA but also relates to some RNAs, like non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), both short and long RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as molecular modifiers. Mobile RNAs, as a free form or encapsulated in exosomes, can regulate neighboring cells or be placed in distant locations. It underlines the vast capacity of ncRNAs as epigenetic elements of transmission information and message of life. One of the amazing phenomena is long non-coding microRNA-host-genes (lnc-MIRHGs) whose processed transcripts function as lncRNAs and also as short RNAs named microRNAs (miRNAs). MIR31HG functions as a modulator of important biological and cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, EMT process, metastasis, angiogenesis, hypoxia, senescence, and inflammation. However, in most cases, the role of MIR31HG is documented only by one study and there is a lack of exact description of molecular pathways implicated in these processes, and for some of them, such as response to irradiation, no studies have been done. In this review, MIR31HG, as an example of lnc-MIRHGs, was described in the context of its known function and its potential uses as a biomarker in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Paszkowska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Braska
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
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4
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Mothersill C, Cocchetto A, Seymour C. Low Dose and Non-Targeted Radiation Effects in Environmental Protection and Medicine-A New Model Focusing on Electromagnetic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11118. [PMID: 36232421 PMCID: PMC9570230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of signalling in initiating and perpetuating effects triggered by deposition of ionising radiation energy in parts of a system is very clear. Less clear are the very early steps involved in converting energy to chemical and biological effects in non-targeted parts of the system. The paper aims to present a new model, which could aid our understanding of the role of low dose effects in determining ultimate disease outcomes. We propose a key role for electromagnetic signals resulting from physico-chemical processes such as excitation decay, and acoustic waves. These lead to the initiation of damage response pathways such as elevation of reactive oxygen species and membrane associated changes in key ion channels. Critically, these signalling pathways allow coordination of responses across system levels. For example, depending on how these perturbations are transduced, adverse or beneficial outcomes may predominate. We suggest that by appreciating the importance of signalling and communication between multiple levels of organisation, a unified theory could emerge. This would allow the development of models incorporating time, space and system level to position data in appropriate areas of a multidimensional domain. We propose the use of the term "infosome" to capture the nature of radiation-induced communication systems which include physical as well as chemical signals. We have named our model "the variable response model" or "VRM" which allows for multiple outcomes following exposure to low doses or to signals from low dose irradiated cells, tissues or organisms. We suggest that the use of both dose and infosome in radiation protection might open up new conceptual avenues that could allow intrinsic uncertainty to be embraced within a holistic protection framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alan Cocchetto
- National CFIDS Foundation, 285 Beach Ave., Hull, MA 02045-1602, USA
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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5
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Polgár S, Schofield PN, Madas BG. Datasets of in vitro clonogenic assays showing low dose hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance. Sci Data 2022; 9:555. [PMID: 36075916 PMCID: PMC9458642 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose hyper-radiosensitivity and induced radioresistance are primarily observed in surviving fractions of cell populations exposed to ionizing radiation, plotted as the function of absorbed dose. Several biophysical models have been developed to quantitatively describe these phenomena. However, there is a lack of raw, openly available experimental data to support the development and validation of quantitative models. The aim of this study was to set up a database of experimental data from the public literature. Using Google Scholar search, 46 publications with 101 datasets on the dose-dependence of surviving fractions, with clear evidence of low dose hyper-radiosensitivity, were identified. Surviving fractions, their uncertainties, and the corresponding absorbed doses were digitized from graphs of the publications. The characteristics of the cell line and the irradiation were also recorded, along with the parameters of the linear-quadratic model and/or the induced repair model if they were provided. The database is available in STOREDB, and can be used for meta-analysis, for comparison with new experiments, and for development and validation of biophysical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Polgár
- Doctoral School of Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Balázs G Madas
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
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6
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Azimzadeh O, Moertl S, Ramadan R, Baselet B, Laiakis EC, Sebastian S, Beaton D, Hartikainen JM, Kaiser JC, Beheshti A, Salomaa S, Chauhan V, Hamada N. Application of radiation omics in the development of adverse outcome pathway networks: an example of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1722-1751. [PMID: 35976069 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure of the heart to doses of ionizing radiation as low as 0.5 Gy increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality with a latency period of decades. The damaging effects of radiation to myocardial and endothelial structures and functions have been confirmed radiobiologically at high dose, but much less is known at low dose. Integration of radiation biology and epidemiology data is a recommended approach to improve the radiation risk assessment process. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offers a comprehensive tool to compile and translate mechanistic information into pathological endpoints which may be relevant for risk assessment at the different levels of a biological system. Omics technologies enable the generation of large volumes of biological data at various levels of complexity, from molecular pathways to functional organisms. Given the quality and quantity of available data across levels of biology, omics data can be attractive sources of information for use within the AOP framework. It is anticipated that radiation omics studies could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the adverse effects of radiation on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we explored the available omics studies on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their applicability to the proposed AOP for CVD. RESULTS The results of 80 omics studies published on radiation-induced CVD over the past 20 years have been discussed in the context of the AOP of CVD proposed by Chauhan et al. Most of the available omics data on radiation-induced CVD are from proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, whereas few datasets were available from epigenomics and multi-omics. The omics data presented here show great promise in providing information for several key events of the proposed AOP of CVD, particularly oxidative stress, alterations of energy metabolism, extracellular matrix and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The omics data presented here shows promise to inform the various levels of the proposed AOP of CVD. However, the data highlight the urgent need of designing omics studies to address the knowledge gap concerning different radiation scenarios, time after exposure and experimental models. This review presents the evidence to build a qualitative omics-informed AOP and provides views on the potential benefits and challenges in using omics data to assess risk-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raghda Ramadan
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine (HMGU-IRM), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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Abstract
High-throughput omics platforms have pioneered our approach to understanding biological and cellular processes. Omics technologies provide powerful tools for studying various molecules, such as genes, proteins, and metabolites, in a particular state and at a particular time. Although omics has had a presence in the radiation community for more than 3 decades, the use of it is still in its infancy. Omics studies enable radiation researchers to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the biological effects of radiation exposure on normal and cancerous tissues, and to answer critical questions such as individual sensitivity, risk assessment, and biomarker discovery. In this commentary, we take a look back at the omics studies that have been conducted in radiation research in the last 20 years and discuss whether omics has fulfilled expectations by examining the knowledge and research gaps in radiation omics.
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Buchsbaum JC, Jaffray DA, Ba D, Borkon LL, Chalk C, Chung C, Coleman MA, Coleman CN, Diehn M, Droegemeier KK, Enderling H, Espey MG, Greenspan EJ, Hartshorn CM, Hoang T, Hsiao HT, Keppel C, Moore NW, Prior F, Stahlberg EA, Tourassi G, Willcox KE. Predictive Radiation Oncology - A New NCI-DOE Scientific Space and Community. Radiat Res 2022; 197:434-445. [PMID: 35090025 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With a widely attended virtual kickoff event on January 29, 2021, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Department of Energy (DOE) launched a series of 4 interactive, interdisciplinary workshops-and a final concluding "World Café" on March 29, 2021-focused on advancing computational approaches for predictive oncology in the clinical and research domains of radiation oncology. These events reflect 3,870 human hours of virtual engagement with representation from 8 DOE national laboratories and the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNL), 4 research institutes, 5 cancer centers, 17 medical schools and teaching hospitals, 5 companies, 5 federal agencies, 3 research centers, and 27 universities. Here we summarize the workshops by first describing the background for the workshops. Participants identified twelve key questions-and collaborative parallel ideas-as the focus of work going forward to advance the field. These were then used to define short-term and longer-term "Blue Sky" goals. In addition, the group determined key success factors for predictive oncology in the context of radiation oncology, if not the future of all of medicine. These are: cross-discipline collaboration, targeted talent development, development of mechanistic mathematical and computational models and tools, and access to high-quality multiscale data that bridges mechanisms to phenotype. The workshop participants reported feeling energized and highly motivated to pursue next steps together to address the unmet needs in radiation oncology specifically and in cancer research generally and that NCI and DOE project goals align at the convergence of radiation therapy and advanced computing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Jaffray
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Demba Ba
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Lynn L Borkon
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21701
| | | | - Caroline Chung
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | | | | | | | - Heiko Enderling
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | | | | | | | - Thuc Hoang
- U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585
| | - H Timothy Hsiao
- American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), Arlington, Virginia 22202
| | | | - Nathan W Moore
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123
| | - Fred Prior
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Eric A Stahlberg
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21701
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Chauhan V, Leblanc J, Sadi B, Burtt J, Sauvé K, Lane R, Randhawa K, Wilkins R, Quayle D. COHERE - strengthening cooperation within the Canadian government on radiation research. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1153-1165. [PMID: 34133252 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Canadian Organization on Health Effects from Radiation Exposure (COHERE) is a government initiative to better understand biological and human health risks from ionizing radiation exposures relevant to occupational and environmental settings (<100 mGy, <6 mGy/h). It is currently a partnership between two federal agencies, Health Canada (HC) and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC). COHERE's vision is to contribute knowledge to reduce scientific uncertainties from low dose and dose-rate exposures. COHERE will advance our understanding by bridging the knowledge gap between human health risks and linkages to molecular- and cellular-level responses to radiation. Research focuses on identifying sensitive, early, and key molecular events of relevance to risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS The initiative will address questions of relevance to better apprize Canadians, including radiation workers and members of the public and Indigenous peoples, on health risks from low dose radiation exposure and inform radiation protection frameworks at a national and international level. Furthermore, it will support global efforts to conduct collaborative undertakings and better coordinate research. Here, we describe a historical overview of the research conducted, the strategic research agenda that outlines the scientific framework, stakeholders, opportunities to harmonize internationally, and how research outcomes will better inform communication of risk to Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Baki Sadi
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kiza Sauvé
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rachel Lane
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi Randhawa
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Debora Quayle
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Karapiperis C, Chasapi A, Angelis L, Scouras ZG, Mastroberardino PG, Tapio S, Atkinson MJ, Ouzounis CA. The Coming of Age for Big Data in Systems Radiobiology, an Engineering Perspective. BIG DATA 2021; 9:63-71. [PMID: 32991205 DOI: 10.1089/big.2019.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As high-throughput approaches in biological and biomedical research are transforming the life sciences into information-driven disciplines, modern analytics platforms for big data have started to address the needs for efficient and systematic data analysis and interpretation. We observe that radiobiology is following this general trend, with -omics information providing unparalleled depth into the biomolecular mechanisms of radiation response-defined as systems radiobiology. We outline the design of computational frameworks and discuss the analysis of big data in low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) responses of the mammalian brain. Following successful examples and best practices of approaches for the analysis of big data in life sciences and health care, we present the needs and requirements for radiation research. Our goal is to raise awareness for the radiobiology community about the new technological possibilities that can capture complex information and execute data analytics on a large scale. The production of large data sets from genome-wide experiments (quantity) and the complexity of radiation research with multidimensional experimental designs (quality) will necessitate the adoption of latest information technologies. The main objective was to translate research results into applied clinical and epidemiological practice and understand the responses of biological tissues to LDIR to define new radiation protection policies. We envisage a future where multidisciplinary teams include data scientists, artificial intelligence experts, DevOps engineers, and of course radiation experts to fulfill the augmented needs of the radiobiology community, accelerate research, and devise new strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karapiperis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Chasapi
- Biological Computation & Process Laboratory (BCPL), Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Lefteris Angelis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Zacharias G Scouras
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
| | | | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christos A Ouzounis
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessalonica (AUTH), Thessalonica, Greece
- Biological Computation & Process Laboratory (BCPL), Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessalonica, Greece
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11
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Griffiths NM, Van der Meeren A, Angulo JF, Vincent-Naulleau S. Research on the Radiotoxicology of Plutonium Using Animals: Consideration of the 3Rs-Replace, Reduce, Refine. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:133-140. [PMID: 32301862 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the health effects of incorporated plutonium, many experiments have been conducted using different animal models. These range from (1) applied (tissue uptake/retention determination, decorporation therapy efficacy), (2) fundamental (gene expression, cancer induction), and (3) dosimetry models. In recent years, the use of animals for scientific purposes has become a public concern. The application of the 3Rs - Replace (use of alternative methods or animals not considered capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress), Reduce (reduction in animal numbers), and Refine (better animal welfare and minimization of suffering, pain and distress) - has increased to address ethical concerns and legislative requirements. The introduction of novel non-animal technologies is also an important factor as complementary options to animal experimentation. In radiotoxicology research, it seems there is a natural tendency to Replace given the possibility of data reuse obtained from contamination cases in man and animal studies. The creation of "registries" and "repositories" for nuclear industry workers (civil and military) is now a rich legacy for radiotoxicological measurements. Similarly, Reduction in animal numbers can be achieved by good experimental planning with prior statistical analyses of animal numbers required to obtain robust data. Multiple measurements in the same animal over time (external body counting, excreta collection) with appropriate detection instruments also allow Reduction. In terms of Refinement, this has become "de rigueur" and a necessity given the societal and legal concerns for animal welfare. For research in radiotoxicology, particularly long-term studies, better housing conditions within the constraints of radiation protection issues for research workers are an important concern. These are all pertinent considerations for the 3Rs remit and future research in radiotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Griffiths
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 ARPAJON, France
| | - Anne Van der Meeren
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 ARPAJON, France
| | - Jaime F Angulo
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 ARPAJON, France
| | - Silvia Vincent-Naulleau
- Bureau des Etudes Biomédicales chez l'Animal, CEA/DRF/D3P/BEBA, 92260 FONTENAY-aux-ROSES, France
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Seibold P, Auvinen A, Averbeck D, Bourguignon M, Hartikainen JM, Hoeschen C, Laurent O, Noël G, Sabatier L, Salomaa S, Blettner M. Clinical and epidemiological observations on individual radiation sensitivity and susceptibility. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:324-339. [PMID: 31539290 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1665209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize existing knowledge and to understand individual response to radiation exposure, the MELODI Association together with CONCERT European Joint Programme has organized a workshop in March 2018 on radiation sensitivity and susceptibility.Methods: The workshop reviewed the current evidence on this matter, to inform the MELODI Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), to determine social and scientific needs and to come up with recommendations for suitable and feasible future research initiatives to be taken for the benefit of an improved medical diagnosis and treatment as well as for radiation protection.Results: The present paper gives an overview of the current evidence in this field, including potential effect modifiers such as age, gender, genetic profile, and health status of the exposed population, based on clinical and epidemiological observations.Conclusion: The authors conclude with the following recommendations for the way forward in radiation research: (a) there is need for large (prospective) cohort studies; (b) build upon existing radiation research cohorts; (c) use data from well-defined cohorts with good exposure assessment and biological material already collected; (d) focus on study quality with standardized data collection and reporting; (e) improve statistical analysis; (f) cooperation between radiobiology and epidemiology; and (g) take consequences of radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dietrich Averbeck
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), DRF, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Department of Biophysics, Université Paris Saclay (UVSQ), Versailles, France
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Laurent
- Laboratoire d'épidémiologie des Rayonnements Ionisants, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID, BP17, 92260, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Georges Noël
- Département Universitaire de Radiothérapie, Centre Paul-Strauss, Unicancer, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), DRF, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Hamada N, Mothersill CE, Iliakis G. Preface to the IJRB 60th anniversary special issue "back to our future". Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:799-801. [PMID: 31156009 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1627113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- a Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory , Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) , Tokyo 201-8511 , Japan
| | | | - George Iliakis
- c Institute of Medical Radiation Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
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