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Autsavapromporn N, Kobayashi A, Liu C, Duangya A, Oikawa M, Tengku Ahmad TA, Konishi T. Primary and Secondary Bystander Effects of Proton Microbeam Irradiation on Human Lung Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Conditions. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1485. [PMID: 38132311 PMCID: PMC10741139 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is the most common feature of radioresistance to the radiotherapy (RT) of lung cancer and results in poor clinical outcomes. High-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is a novel RT technique to overcome this problem. However, a limited number of studies have been elucidated on the underlying mechanism(s) of RIBE and RISBE in cancer cells exposed to high-LET radiation under hypoxia. Here, we developed a new method to investigate the RIBE and RISBE under hypoxia using the SPICE-QST proton microbeams and a layered tissue co-culture system. Normal lung fibroblast (WI-38) and lung cancer (A549) cells were exposed in the range of 06 Gy of proton microbeams, wherein only ~0.04-0.15% of the cells were traversed by protons. Subsequently, primary bystander A549 cells were co-cultured with secondary bystander A549 cells in the presence or absence of a GJIC and NO inhibitor using co-culture systems. Studies show that there are differences in RIBE in A549 and WI-38 primary bystander cells under normoxia and hypoxia. Interestingly, treatment with a GJIC inhibitor showed an increase in the toxicity of primary bystander WI-38 cells but a decrease in A549 cells under hypoxia. Our results also show the induction of RISBE in secondary bystander A549 cells under hypoxia, where GJIC and NO inhibitors reduced the stressful effects on secondary bystander A549 cells. Together, these preliminary results, for the first time, represented the involvement of intercellular communications through GJIC in propagation of RIBE and RISBE in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narongchai Autsavapromporn
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Alisa Kobayashi
- Single Cell Radiation Biology Team, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology Group, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Aphidet Duangya
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Masakazu Oikawa
- Electrostatic Accelerator Operation Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | | | - Teruaki Konishi
- Single Cell Radiation Biology Team, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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da Costa Xavier LA, Navoni JA, Souza do Amaral V. Oxidative genomic damage in humans exposed to high indoor radon levels in Northeast Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503652. [PMID: 37491111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Radon gas inhalation is the main source of exposure to ionizing radiation by humans. There is still lack in knowledge concerning the chronic and indirect effects of exposure to this carcinogenic factor. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the levels of oxidative genomic damage in inhabitants of a medium-high background radiation area (HBRA) (N = 82) in Northeastern Brazil and compare them with people living in a low background radiation area (LBRA) (N = 46). 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was quantified in urine, Ser326Cys polymorphism was determined in the hOGG1 gene and indoor radon was measured. HBRA houses had 6.5 times higher indoor radon levels than those from LBRA (p-value < 0.001). The 8-OHdG mean (95% confidence interval) were significantly different, 8.42 (5.98-11.9) ng/mg creatinine and 29.91 (23.37-38.30) ng/mg creatinine for LBRA and HBRA, respectively. The variables representing lifestyle and environmental and occupational exposures did not have a significant association with oxidized guanosine concentrations. On the other hand, lower 8-OHdG values were observed in subjects that had one mutant allele (326Cys) in the hOGG1 gene than those who had both wild alleles (Ser/Ser (p-value < 0.05). It can be concluded that high radon levels have significantly influenced the genome oxidative metabolism and hOGG1 gene polymorphism would mediate the observed biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Araújo da Costa Xavier
- Post-graduation Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Toxicological Genetic, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Julio Alejandro Navoni
- Post-graduation Program of Development and Environment - DDMA, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Viviane Souza do Amaral
- Post-graduation Program of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Toxicological Genetic, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Post-graduation Program of Development and Environment - DDMA, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil..
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3
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Kumar K, Kumar S, Datta K, Fornace AJ, Suman S. High-LET-Radiation-Induced Persistent DNA Damage Response Signaling and Gastrointestinal Cancer Development. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5497-5514. [PMID: 37366899 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) dose, dose rate, and linear energy transfer (LET) determine cellular DNA damage quality and quantity. High-LET heavy ions are prevalent in the deep space environment and can deposit a much greater fraction of total energy in a shorter distance within a cell, causing extensive DNA damage relative to the same dose of low-LET photon radiation. Based on the DNA damage tolerance of a cell, cellular responses are initiated for recovery, cell death, senescence, or proliferation, which are determined through a concerted action of signaling networks classified as DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. The IR-induced DDR initiates cell cycle arrest to repair damaged DNA. When DNA damage is beyond the cellular repair capacity, the DDR for cell death is initiated. An alternative DDR-associated anti-proliferative pathway is the onset of cellular senescence with persistent cell cycle arrest, which is primarily a defense mechanism against oncogenesis. Ongoing DNA damage accumulation below the cell death threshold but above the senescence threshold, along with persistent SASP signaling after chronic exposure to space radiation, pose an increased risk of tumorigenesis in the proliferative gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium, where a subset of IR-induced senescent cells can acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and potentially drive oncogenic signaling in nearby bystander cells. Moreover, DDR alterations could result in both somatic gene mutations as well as activation of the pro-inflammatory, pro-oncogenic SASP signaling known to accelerate adenoma-to-carcinoma progression during radiation-induced GI cancer development. In this review, we describe the complex interplay between persistent DNA damage, DDR, cellular senescence, and SASP-associated pro-inflammatory oncogenic signaling in the context of GI carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Madas BG, Boei J, Fenske N, Hofmann W, Mezquita L. Effects of spatial variation in dose delivery: what can we learn from radon-related lung cancer studies? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:561-577. [PMID: 36208308 PMCID: PMC9630403 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radon progeny results in heterogeneous dose distributions in many different spatial scales. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the state of the art in epidemiology, clinical observations, cell biology, dosimetry, and modelling related to radon exposure and its association with lung cancer, along with priorities for future research. Particular attention is paid on the effects of spatial variation in dose delivery within the organs, a factor not considered in radiation protection. It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach is required to improve risk assessment and mechanistic understanding of carcinogenesis related to radon exposure. To achieve these goals, important steps would be to clarify whether radon can cause other diseases than lung cancer, and to investigate radon-related health risks in children or persons at young ages. Also, a better understanding of the combined effects of radon and smoking is needed, which can be achieved by integrating epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and molecular oncology data to obtain a radon-associated signature. While in vitro models derived from primary human bronchial epithelial cells can help to identify new and corroborate existing biomarkers, they also allow to study the effects of heterogeneous dose distributions including the effects of locally high doses. These novel approaches can provide valuable input and validation data for mathematical models for risk assessment. These models can be applied to quantitatively translate the knowledge obtained from radon exposure to other exposures resulting in heterogeneous dose distributions within an organ to support radiation protection in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs G Madas
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Jan Boei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nora Fenske
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Munich (Neuherberg), Germany
| | - Werner Hofmann
- Biological Physics, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Translational Genomic and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Ilyas AO, Alam MK, Musah JD, Yang M, Lam YW, Roy VAL, Lau C. Investigation on the Direct and Bystander Effects in HeLa Cells Exposed to Very Low α-Radiation Using Electrical Impedance Measurement. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13995-14003. [PMID: 34124424 PMCID: PMC8190804 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is still not well understood in radiotherapy. RIBEs are biological effects expressed by nonirradiated cells near or far from the irradiated cells. Most radiological studies on cancer cells have been based on biochemical characterization. However, biophysical investigation with label-free techniques to analyze and compare the direct irradiation effect and RIBE has lagged. In this work, we employed an electrical cell-indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate impedance system (ECIIS) as a bioimpedance sensor to evaluate the HeLa cells' response. The bioimpedance of untreated/nonirradiated HeLa (N-HeLa) cells, α-particle (Am-241)-irradiated HeLa (I-HeLa) cells, and bystander HeLa (B-HeLa) cells exposed to media from I-HeLa cells was monitored with a sampling interval of 8 s over a period of 24 h. Also, we imaged the cells at times where impedance changes were observed. Different radiation doses (0.5 cGy, 1.2 cGy, and 1.7 cGy) were used to investigate I-HeLa and B-HeLa cells' radiation-dose-dependence. By analyzing the changes in absolute impedance and cell size/number with time, compared to N-HeLa cells, B-HeLa cells mimicked the I-HeLa cells' damage and modification of proliferation rate. Contrary to the irradiated cells, the bystander cells' damage rate and proliferation rate enhancements have an inverse radiation-dose-response. Also, we report multiple RIBEs in HeLa cells in a single measurement and provide crucial insights into the RIBE mechanism without any labeling procedure. Unambiguously, our results have shown that the time-dependent control of RIBE is important during α-radiation-based radiotherapy of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulMojeed O. Ilyas
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department
of Physics, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State 3600001, Nigeria
| | - Md Kowsar Alam
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department
of Physics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Jamal-Deen Musah
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Terahertz
and Millimeter Waves, City University of
Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vellaisamy A. L. Roy
- James
Watt School of Engineering, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Condon Lau
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Rajan V, Pandey BN. Cytoproliferative effect of low dose alpha radiation in human lung cancer cells is associated with connexin 43, caveolin-1, and survivin pathway. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:356-366. [PMID: 33416428 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1864044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High LET including alpha radiation-based approaches have been proved as a promising mode for cancer therapy owing to their biophysical and radiobiological advantages compared to photon beams. Studies pertaining to effect of α-radiation on cancer cells are limited to cytotoxic high doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells were α-irradiated using 241Am α-irradiator and effects of low dose of alpha radiation on these cells was studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions. RESULTS Clonogenic and other assays showed increased cellular proliferation at lower doses (1.36 and 6.8 cGy) but killing at higher doses (13.6-54.4 cGy). Further studies at low dose of alpha (1.36 cGy) showed increased TGF-β1 in the conditioned medium (CM) at early time point (24 h) but CM replacement did not affect the clonogenic survival. In these cells, increased phosphorylation of connexin 43 was correlated with decrease in gap-junction communication observed by dye transfer co-culture experiment. A decrease in caveolin-1 but increase in survivin expression was observed in low dose α-irradiated cells. An increase in cyclinD1 and decrease in Bcl-2, the target proteins of survivin, was observed in these cells. Low dose α-irradiated cancer cells transplanted in SCID mice showed significantly higher tumor volume, which was accompanied with an increased fraction of mitotic and PCNA/Ki67 positive cells in these tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest an increase in proliferation and tumor volume at in vitro and in vivo levels, respectively, when A549 cells were irradiated with low dose of α-radiation. These findings may be relevant for a better understanding of radiobiological processes during high LET-based cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasumathy Rajan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Badri Narain Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Elbakrawy EM, Mayah A, Hill MA, Kadhim M. Induction of Genomic Instability in a Primary Human Fibroblast Cell Line Following Low-Dose Alpha-Particle Exposure and the Potential Role of Exosomes. BIOLOGY 2020; 10:biology10010011. [PMID: 33379152 PMCID: PMC7824692 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the induction of genomic instability (GI) in the progeny of cell populations irradiated with low doses of alpha-particles and the potential role of exosome-encapsulated bystander signalling. METHODS The induction of GI in HF19 normal fibroblast cells was assessed by determining the formation of micronuclei (MN) in binucleate cells along with using the alkaline comet assay to assess DNA damage. RESULTS Low dose alpha-particle exposure (0.0001-1 Gy) was observed to produce a significant induction of micronuclei and DNA damage shortly after irradiation (assays performed at 5 and 1 h post exposure, respectively). This damage was not only still evident and statistically significant in all irradiated groups after 10 population doublings, but similar trends were observed after 20 population doublings. Exosomes from irradiated cells were also observed to enhance the level of DNA damage in non-irradiated bystander cells at early times. CONCLUSION very low doses of alpha-particles are capable of inducing GI in the progeny of irradiated cells even at doses where <1% of the cells are traversed, where the level of response was similar to that observed at doses where 100% of the cells were traversed. This may have important implications with respect to the evaluation of cancer risk associated with very low-dose alpha-particle exposure and deviation from a linear dose response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohammed Elbakrawy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.M.E.); (A.M.)
- Department of Radiation Physics, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Al Manteqah Ath Thamenah, Nasr City, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Ammar Mayah
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.M.E.); (A.M.)
| | - Mark A. Hill
- Gray Laboratories, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK; (E.M.E.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-1865-483954
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