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Ritter GS, Proskurina AS, Meschaninova MI, Potter EA, Petrova DD, Ruzanova VS, Dolgova EV, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Efremov YR, Nikolin VP, Popova NA, Venyaminova AG, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Impact of Double-Stranded RNA Internalization on Hematopoietic Progenitors and Krebs-2 Cells and Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054858. [PMID: 36902311 PMCID: PMC10003629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) exhibits noticeable radioprotective and radiotherapeutic effects. The experiments conducted in this study directly demonstrated that dsRNA was delivered into the cell in its native form and that it induced hematopoietic progenitor proliferation. The 68 bp synthetic dsRNA labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) was internalized into mouse hematopoietic progenitors, c-Kit+ (a marker of long-term hematopoietic stem cells) cells and CD34+ (a marker of short-term hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors) cells. Treating bone marrow cells with dsRNA stimulated the growth of colonies, mainly cells of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage. A total of 0.8% of Krebs-2 cells internalized FAM-dsRNA and were simultaneously CD34+ cells. dsRNA in its native state was delivered into the cell, where it was present without any signs of processing. dsRNA binding to a cell was independent of cell charge. dsRNA internalization was related to the receptor-mediated process that requires energy from ATP. Synthetic dsRNA did not degrade in the bloodstream for at least 2 h. Hematopoietic precursors that had captured dsRNA reinfused into the bloodstream and populated the bone marrow and spleen. This study, for the first time, directly proved that synthetic dsRNA is internalized into a eukaryotic cell via a natural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria I. Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Petrova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera S. Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy P. Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nelly A. Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk National Research State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aliya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Novosibirsk Region, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-49-63 (ext. 3411)
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Proskurina A, Nikolin V, Popova N, Varaksin N, Ryabicheva T, Ershova E, Kostyuk S, Leplina O, Ostanin A, Chernykh E, Bogachev S. Comparing the Biological Properties of Double-Stranded DNA Extracted from Human and Porcine Placenta and Salmon Sperm. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 11:577-589. [PMID: 37131888 PMCID: PMC10149128 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.4.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Double-stranded fragmented extracellular DNA is a participant, inducer, and indicator of various processes occurring in the organism. When investigating the properties of extracellular DNA, the question regarding the specificity of exposure to DNA from different sources has always been raised. The aim of this study was to perform comparative assessment of biological properties of double-stranded DNA obtained from the human placenta, porcine placenta and salmon sperm. Methods The intensity of leukocyte-stimulating effect of different dsDNA was assessed in mice after cyclophosphamide-induced cytoreduction. The stimulatory effect of different dsDNA on maturation and functions of human dendritic cells and the intensity of cytokine production by human whole blood cells was analyzed ex vivo. The oxidation level of the dsDNA was also compared. Results Human placental DNA exhibited the strongest leukocyte-stimulating effect. DNA extracted from human and porcine placenta exhibited similar stimulatory action on maturation of dendritic cells, allostimulatory capacity, and ability of dendritic cells to induce generation of cytotoxic CD8+CD107a+ T cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction. DNA extracted from salmon sperm stimulated the maturation of dendritic cells, while having no effect on their allostimulatory capacity. DNA extracted from human and porcine placenta was shown to exhibit a stimulatory effect on cytokine secretion by human whole blood cells. The observed differences between the DNA preparations can be caused by the total methylation level and are not related to differences in oxidation level of DNA molecules. Conclusions Human placental DNA exhibited the maximum combination of all biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Nikolin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nelly Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nikolay Varaksin
- JSC “Vector-Best”, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia.
| | | | | | | | - Olga Leplina
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.
| | - Alexandr Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.
| | - Elena Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.
| | - Sergey Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
- Corresponding author: Sergey Bogachev; Tel: +7 383 363 49 63; E-mail:
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Ritter GS, Dolgova EV, Petrova DD, Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Ruzanova VS, Kirikovich SS, Levites EV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. The new general biological property of stem-like tumor cells Part I. Peculiarities of the process of the double-stranded DNA fragments internalization into stem-like tumor cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:954395. [PMID: 36159968 PMCID: PMC9492886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.954395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem-like tumor cells of ascites carcinoma Krebs-2 and Epstein-Barr virus–induced B-lymphoma were shown to possess the innate capability of binding and internalizing the TAMRA-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) probe. The process of binding and internalizing is rather complicated and composed of the following successive stages: 1) initiating electrostatic interaction and contact of a negatively charged dsDNA molecule with a positively charged molecule(s) on the surface of a stem-like tumor cell; 2) binding of the dsDNA probe to a tumor stem cell surface protein(s) via the formation of a strong chemical/molecular bond; and 3) the very internalization of dsDNA into the cell. Binding of DNA to cell surface proteins is determined by the presence of heparin/polyanion-binding sites within the protein structure, which can be competitively blocked by heparin and/or dextran sulfate, wherein heparin blocks only the binding, while dextran sulfate abrogates both binding and internalization. The abrogation of internalization by dextran sulfate implies the role of scavenger receptors in this process. Cells were shown to uptake DNA in amounts constituting ∼0.008% of the haploid genome. Inhibitors of caveolae-dependent internalization abrogate the DNA uptake in Krebs-2 cells, and inhibitors of the clathrin/caveolar mechanism block the internalization in B-lymphoma cells. In the present report, it is shown for the first time that in contrast to the majority of committed tumor cells, stem-like tumor cells of Krebs-2 and B-lymphoma carry a general positive charge on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genrikh S. Ritter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V. Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria D. Petrova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yaroslav R. Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera S. Ruzanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Kirikovich
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Levites
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Taranov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexandr A. Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R. Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: Sergey S. Bogachev,
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Development of an Optimal Model of Combined Radiation and Biological Lesions. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:9433032. [PMID: 36118594 PMCID: PMC9477584 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9433032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the search for the effective medication in combined lesions includes the selection of an optimal experimental model for such injuries, there is actually a study aimed at developing an optimal model of combined radiation-biology (Pasteurella) lesions. The pathogen Pasteurella multocida (as one of the most frequent pathogenic agents involved in both isolated and combined radiation-biology lesions of agricultural animals) was used as a model of a biological agent to reproduce experimental biological research. We employed the “Chinchilla” rabbits of 2.5–3.0 kg body weight as a biological model for doing combined radiation Pasteurella lesion. When determining the optimal model of combined radiation-biology (Pasteurella) lesion, we consider that in the joint action of various pathological agents on the organism, there is a synergistic effect of explosion agents, previously specifying minimal doses of external γ-radiation and pasteurellosis pathogen that in the joint action of nonfatal doses would be lethal. The first stage of the experiments determined the minimal doses of gamma rays and pasteurellosis pathogen that in joint action causes combined radiation-biology pathology. We examined 66 rabbits divided into 11 groups of 6 animals each to determine minimal doses of infectious agent-pasteurellosis pathogen. The animals of the first 9 groups were given subcutaneously Pasteurella species at doses 1·109, 1·108, 1·107, 1·106, 1·105, 1·104, 1·103, 1·102, and 1·101 of microbial cells per animal of 0.3 ml suspension in volume; the 10th group of animals were given saline solution; the 11th served as a biological control group. In determining the minimal doses of gamma rays, we conducted experimental tests on 36 rabbits, which have been exposed to external γ-radiation in the “PUMA” system with a 137Cs radiation source of the exposure dose of 5.38 R/min at doses 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10, and 12 Gy. To specify the optimal model of radiation-pasteurellosis lesion, we used the rabbits subjected to a combined radiation-biology effect using minimal doses of gamma rays and pasteurellosis agent, leading to a lethal effect during their complex action. The researches revealed that 50% of the death of rabbits infected with pasteurellosis occurs using Pasteurella at a dose of 3.7·104 microbial cells per kilogram (LD50 = 3.7∙104 m.c./kg), and 50% of radiation death in rabbits occurs when irradiated their gamma rays at a dose of 8.0 Gy (LD50 = 8.0 Gy). The combined effect of nonlethal doses of the studied agents in the indicated doses on rabbits led to the aggravation of the course of radiation and pasteurellosis infection, causing the death of animals from combined radiation-pasteurellosis pathology. The model combined radiation-pasteurellosis disease ran its course rapidly, and the animals died 3 to 6 days after the onset. The autopsy of the animals that died from acute radiation-pasteurellosis pathogen had found swelling of the subcutaneous tissue in the pharynx and intermaxillary space of the neck, hyperemia, lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, numerous hemorrhages on the serous and mucous membranes and in the tissues of the parenchymal organs, serous or serous-fibrinous exudate, and in the chest and abdominal regions, pulmonary edema. The research stated that gamma radiation of rabbits at a dose of 8.0 Gy conducted before exposure with Pasteurella at LD50 (3.7·104 m.c./kg) declined the course of the pasteurellosis process, facilitated its generalization, and fastened the death of animals. Combined radiation-pasteurellosis infection ran its course rapidly, and the animals died within 3 to 6 days after the onset of the disease. The autopsy showed the pathologicoanatomic factors of the acute pasteurellosis: swelling of the subcutaneous tissue, purulent-catarrhal bronchopneumonitis, and pulmonary edema.
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