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Chauhan V, Beaton D, Tollefsen KE, Preston J, Burtt JJ, Leblanc J, Hamada N, Azzam EI, Armant O, Bouffler S, Azimzadeh O, Moertl S, Yamada Y, Tanaka IB, Kaiser JC, Applegate K, Laurier D, Garnier-Laplace J. Radiation Adverse Outcome pathways (AOPs): examining priority questions from an international horizon-style exercise. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:982-995. [PMID: 38718325 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2348072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Development Programme is being explored in the radiation field, as an overarching framework to identify and prioritize research needs that best support strengthening of radiation risk assessment and risk management strategies. To advance the use of AOPs, an international horizon-style exercise (HSE) was initiated through the Radiation/Chemical AOP Joint Topical Group (JTG) formed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) High-Level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR) under the auspices of the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (CRPPH). The intent of the HSE was to identify key research questions for consideration in AOP development that would help to reduce uncertainties in estimating the health risks following exposures to low dose and low dose-rate ionizing radiation. The HSE was conducted in several phases involving the solicitation of relevant questions, a collaborative review of open-ended candidate questions and an elimination exercise that led to the selection of 25 highest priority questions for the stated purpose. These questions were further ranked by over 100 respondents through an international survey. This final set of questions was judged to provide insights into how the OECD's AOP approach can be put into practice to meet the needs of hazard and risk assessors, regulators, and researchers. This paper examines the 25 priority questions in the context of hazard/risk assessment framework for ionizing radiation. CONCLUSION By addressing the 25 priority questions, it is anticipated that constructed AOPs will have a high level of specificity, making them valuable tools for simplifying and prioritizing complex biological processes for use in developing revised radiation hazard and risk assessment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Danielle Beaton
- Isotopes, Radiobiology and Environment Directorate, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Julian Preston
- Office of Air and Radiation, Radiation Protection Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julie J Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, Japan
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Isotopes, Radiobiology and Environment Directorate, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SERPEN/LECO, Cadarache, France
| | | | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office of Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office of Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ignacia B Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Kimberly Applegate
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA (retired)
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace
- On secondment from IRSN to the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health's secretariat, Paris, France
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Burtt JJ, Leblanc J, Randhawa K, Ivanova A, Rudd MA, Wilkins R, Azzam EI, Hecker M, Horemans N, Vandenhove H, Adam-Guillermin C, Armant O, Klokov D, Audouze K, Kaiser JC, Moertl S, Lumniczky K, Tanaka IB, Yamada Y, Hamada N, Al-Nabulsi I, Preston J, Bouffler S, Applegate K, Cool D, Beaton D, Tollefsen KE, Garnier-Laplace J, Laurier D, Chauhan V. Radiation Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are on the Horizon: Advancing Radiation Protection through an International Horizon-Style Exercisewe. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1763-1776. [PMID: 36067511 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, a systematic tool that can link available mechanistic data with phenotypic outcomes of relevance to regulatory decision-making, is being explored in areas related to radiation risk assessment. To examine the challenges including the use of AOPs to support the radiation protection community, an international horizon-style exercise (HSE) was initiated through the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency High-Level Group on Low Dose Research Radiation/Chemical AOP Joint Topical Group (JTG). The objective of the HSE was to facilitate the collection of ideas from a range of experts, to short-list a set of priority research questions that could, if answered, improve the description of the radiation dose-response relationship for low dose/dose-rate exposures, as well as reduce uncertainties in estimating the risk of developing adverse health outcomes following such exposures.Materials and methods: The HSE was guided by an international steering committee (SC) of radiation risk experts. In the first phase, research questions were solicited on areas that can be supported by the AOP framework, or challenges on the use of AOPs in radiation risk assessment. In the second phase, questions received were refined and sorted by the SC using a best-worst scaling (BWS) method. During a virtual 3-day workshop, the list of questions was further narrowed. In the third phase, an international survey of the broader radiation protection community led to an orderly ranking of the top questions.Results: Of the 271 questions solicited, 254 were accepted and categorized into 9 themes. These were further refined to the top 25 prioritized questions. Among these, the higher ranked questions will be considered as 'important' to drive future initiatives in the low dose radiation protection community. These included questions on the ability of AOPs to delineate responses across different levels of biological organization, and how AOPs could be applied to address research questions on radiation quality, doses or dose-rates, exposure time patterns and deliveries, and uncertainties in low dose/dose-rate effects. A better understanding of these concepts is required to support the use of the AOP framework in radiation risk assessment.Conclusion: Through dissemination of these results and considerations on next steps, the JTG will address select priority questions to advance the development and use of AOPs in the radiation protection community. The major themes observed will be discussed in the context of their relevance to areas of research that support the system of radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi Randhawa
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Addie Ivanova
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Isotopes, Radiobiology and Environment Directorate, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nele Horemans
- Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Hildegarde Vandenhove
- Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Armant
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Audouze
- Université Paris Cité, T3S, Inserm UMRS 1124, Paris, France
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Gesundheit und Umwelt (GMBH) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre, Unit of Radiation Medicine, Budapest, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097, Hungary
| | - Ignacia B Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7, Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isaf Al-Nabulsi
- US Department of Energy, Office of Domestic and International Health Studies, Office of Health and Safety, Office of Environment, Health Safety and Security, Washington, DC. USA
| | - Julian Preston
- Office of Air and Radiation, Radiation Protection Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Simon Bouffler
- UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kimberly Applegate
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lexington, KY, USA (retired)
| | | | - Danielle Beaton
- Isotopes, Radiobiology and Environment Directorate, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, N-0579, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,On secondment from IRSN to the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health's secretariat, France
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Health and Environment Division, Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Chauhan V, Hamada N, Wilkins R, Garnier-Laplace J, Laurier D, Beaton D, Tollefsen KE. A high-level overview of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Adverse Outcome Pathway Programme. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1704-1713. [PMID: 35938955 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), through its Chemical Safety Programme, is delegated to ensure the safety of humans and wildlife from harmful toxicants. To support these needs, initiatives to increase the efficiency of hazard identification and risk management are under way. Amongst these, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach integrates information on biological knowledge and test methodologies (both established and new) to support regulatory decision making. AOPs collate biological knowledge from different sources, assess lines of evidence through considerations of causality and undergo rigorous peer-review before being subsequently endorsed by the OECD. It is envisioned that the OECD AOP Development Programme will transform the toxicity testing paradigm by leveraging the strengths of mechanistic and modelling based approaches and enhance the utility of high throughput screening assays. Since its launch, in 2012, the AOP Development Programme has matured with a greater number of AOPs endorsed since inception, and the attraction of new scientific disciplines (e.g. the radiation field). Recently, a Radiation and Chemical (Rad/Chem) AOP Joint Topical Group has been formed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency High-Level Group on Low-Dose Research (HLG-LDR) under the auspices of the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (CRPPH). The topical group will work to evolve the development and use of the AOP framework in radiation research and regulation. As part of these efforts, the group will bring awareness and understanding on the programme, as it has matured from the chemical perspective. In this context, this paper provides the radiation community with a high-level overview of the OECD AOP Development Programme, including examples of application using knowledge gleaned from the field of chemical toxicology, and their work towards regulatory implementation. Conclusion: Although the drivers for developing AOPs in chemical sector differ from that of the radiation field, the principles and transparency of the approach can benefit both scientific disciplines. By providing perspectives and an understanding of the evolution of the OECD AOP Development Programme including case examples and work towards quantitative AOP development, it may motivate the expansion and implementation of AOPs in the radiation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Health and Environment Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92262, France
| | | | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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4
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Chauhan V, Hamada N, Garnier-Laplace J, Laurier D, Beaton D, Tollefsen KE, Locke PA. Establishing a Communication and Engagement Strategy to Facilitate the Adoption of the Adverse Outcome Pathways in Radiation Research and Regulation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1714-1721. [PMID: 35666945 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2086716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on human health and ecological effects of ionizing radiation are rapidly evolving as innovative technologies arise and the body of scientific knowledge grows. Structuring this information could effectively support the development of decision making tools and health risk models to complement current system of radiation protection. To this end, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach is being explored as a means to consolidate the most relevant research to identify causation between exposure to a chemical or non-chemical stressor and disease or adverse effect progression. This tool is particularly important for low dose and low dose rate radiation exposures because of the latency and uncertainties in the biological responses at these exposure levels. To progress this aspect, it is essential to build a community of developers, facilitators, risk assessors (in the private sector and in government), policy-makers, and regulators who understand the strengths and weaknesses of, and how to appropriately utilize AOPs for consolidating our knowledge on the impact of low dose ionizing radiation. Through co-ordination with the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) High-Level Group on Low-Dose Research (HLG-LDR) and OECD's AOP Programme, initiatives are under way to demonstrate this approach in radiation research and regulation. Among these, a robust communications strategy and stakeholder engagement will be essential. It will help establish best practices for AOPs in institutional project development and aid in dissemination for more efficient and timely uptake and use of AOPs. In this regard, on June 1, 2021, the Radiation and Chemical (Rad/Chem) AOP Joint Topical Group was formed as part of the initiative from the NEA's HLG-LDR. The topical group will work to develop a communication and engagement strategy to define the target audiences, establish the clear messages and identify the delivery and engagement platforms. CONCLUSION The incorporation of the best science and better decision-making should motive the radiation protection community to develop, refine and use AOPs, recognizing that their incorporation into radiation health risk assessments is critical for public health and environmental protection in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Health and Environment Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92262, France
| | | | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Paul A Locke
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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5
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Guéguen Y, Frerejacques M. Review of Knowledge of Uranium-Induced Kidney Toxicity for the Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway to Renal Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084397. [PMID: 35457214 PMCID: PMC9030063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual construct of causally and sequentially linked events, which occur during exposure to stressors, with an adverse outcome relevant to risk assessment. The development of an AOP is a means of identifying knowledge gaps in order to prioritize research assessing the health risks associated with exposure to physical or chemical stressors. In this paper, a review of knowledge was proposed, examining experimental and epidemiological data, in order to identify relevant key events and potential key event relationships in an AOP for renal impairment, relevant to stressors such as uranium (U). Other stressors may promote similar pathways, and this review is a necessary step to compare and combine knowledge reported for nephrotoxicants. U metal ions are filtered through the glomerular membrane of the kidneys, then concentrate in the cortical and juxtaglomerular areas, and bind to the brush border membrane of the proximal convoluted tubules. U uptake by epithelial cells occurs through endocytosis and the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIa). The identified key events start with the inhibition of the mitochondria electron transfer chain and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, due to cytochrome b5/cytochrome c disruption. In the nucleus, U directly interacts with negatively charged DNA phosphate, thereby inducing an adduct formation, and possibly DNA strand breaks or cross-links. U also compromises DNA repair by inhibiting zing finger proteins. Thereafter, U triggers the Nrf2, NF-κB, or endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. The resulting cellular key events include oxidative stress, DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, the main adverse outcome is tubular damage of the S2 and S3 segments of the kidneys, leading to tubular cell death, and then kidney failure. The attribution of renal carcinogenesis due to U is controversial, and specific experimental or epidemiological studies must be conducted. A tentative construction of an AOP for uranium-induced kidney toxicity and failure was proposed.
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Wojcik A. Reflections on effects of low doses and risk inference based on the UNSCEAR 2021 report on 'biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation'. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:023501. [PMID: 35226888 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 2021 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) report summarises the knowledge on biological mechanisms of radiation action at low doses where, due to low statistical power of epidemiological investigations, the level of cancer risk must be inferred. It is the fourth UNSCEAR report since 1994 that looks into biological effects following low dose exposure with the aim of examining whether they support the assumption of the linear non-threshold (LNT) dose response for radiation-induced cancers. The conclusions of all four reports are affirmative. The new aspect of the 2021 report is that it focuses on the process of cancer risk inference. The aim of this article is to discuss the consequences of the conclusions regarding LNT and the possibilities of inferring risks from biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Institute for Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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7
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Chauhan V, Beaton D, Hamada N, Wilkins R, Burtt J, Leblanc J, Cool D, Garnier-Laplace J, Laurier D, Le Y, Yamada Y, Tollefsen KE. Adverse Outcome Pathway: A Path towards better Data Consolidation and Global Co-ordination of Radiation Research. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1694-1703. [PMID: 34919011 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of toxicology is to protect human health and the environment. To support this, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), operating via its Extended Advisory Group for Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics (EAGMST), has been developing the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) approach to consolidate evidence for chemical toxicity spanning multiple levels of biological organization. The knowledge transcribed into AOPs provides a structured framework to transparently organize data, examine the weight of evidence of the AOP, and identify causal relationships between exposure to stressors and adverse effects of regulatory perspective. The AOP framework has undergone substantial maturation in the field of hazard characterization of chemicals over the last decade, and has also recently gained attention from the radiation community as a means to advance the mechanistic understanding of human and ecological health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation at low dose and low dose-rates. To fully exploit the value of such approaches for facilitating risk assessment and management in the field of radiation protection, solicitation of experiences and active cooperation between chemical and radiation communities are needed. As a result, the Radiation and Chemical (Rad/Chem) AOP joint topical group was formed on June 1, 2021 as part of the initiative from the High Level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR). HLG-LDR is overseen by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH). The main aims of the joint AOP topical group are to advance the use of AOPs in radiation research and foster broader implementation of AOPs into hazard and risk assessment. With global representation, it serves as a forum to discuss, identify and develop joint initiatives that support research and take on regulatory challenges. Conclusion: The Rad/Chem AOP joint topical group will specifically engage, promote, and implement the use of the AOP framework to: a) organize and evaluate mechanistic knowledge relevant to the protection of human and ecosystem health from radiation; b) identify data gaps and research needs pertinent to expanding knowledge of low dose and low dose-rate radiation effects; and c) demonstrate utility to support risk assessment by developing radiation-relevant case studies. It is envisioned that the Rad/Chem AOP joint topical group will actively liaise with the OECD EAGMST AOP developmental program to collectively advance areas of common interest and, specifically, provide recommendations for harmonization of the AOP framework to accommodate non-chemical stressors, such as radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Unit, Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald Cool
- Electric Power Research Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, US
| | | | - Dominque Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Health and Environment Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, F-92262, France
| | - Yevgeniya Le
- CANDU Owners Group Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yukata Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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8
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Gilbin R, Arnold T, Beresford NA, Berthomieu C, Brown JE, de With G, Horemans N, Madruga MJ, Masson O, Merroun M, Michalik B, Muikku M, O'Toole S, Mrdakovic Popic J, Nogueira P, Real A, Sachs S, Salbu B, Stark K, Steiner M, Sweeck L, Vandenhove H, Vidal M, Vives I Batlle J. An updated strategic research agenda for the integration of radioecology in the european radiation protection research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 237:106697. [PMID: 34334231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ALLIANCE Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) for radioecology is a living document that defines a long-term vision (20 years) of the needs for, and implementation of, research in radioecology in Europe. The initial SRA, published in 2012, included consultation with a wide range of stakeholders (Hinton et al., 2013). This revised version is an update of the research strategy for identified research challenges, and includes a strategy to maintain and develop the associated required capacities for workforce (education and training) and research infrastructures and capabilities. Beyond radioecology, this SRA update constitutes a contribution to the implementation of a Joint Roadmap for radiation protection research in Europe (CONCERT, 2019a). This roadmap, established under the H2020 European Joint Programme CONCERT, provides a common and shared vision for radiation protection research, priority areas and strategic objectives for collaboration within a European radiation protection research programme to 2030 and beyond. Considering the advances made since the first SRA, this updated version presents research challenges and priorities including identified scientific issues that, when successfully resolved, have the potential to impact substantially and strengthen the system and/or practice of the overall radiation protection (game changers) in radioecology with regard to their integration into the global vision of European research in radiation protection. An additional aim of this paper is to encourage contribution from research communities, end users, decision makers and other stakeholders in the evaluation, further advancement and accomplishment of the identified priorities.
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9
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Chauhan V, Leblanc J, Sadi B, Burtt J, Sauvé K, Lane R, Randhawa K, Wilkins R, Quayle D. COHERE - strengthening cooperation within the Canadian government on radiation research. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1153-1165. [PMID: 34133252 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Canadian Organization on Health Effects from Radiation Exposure (COHERE) is a government initiative to better understand biological and human health risks from ionizing radiation exposures relevant to occupational and environmental settings (<100 mGy, <6 mGy/h). It is currently a partnership between two federal agencies, Health Canada (HC) and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC). COHERE's vision is to contribute knowledge to reduce scientific uncertainties from low dose and dose-rate exposures. COHERE will advance our understanding by bridging the knowledge gap between human health risks and linkages to molecular- and cellular-level responses to radiation. Research focuses on identifying sensitive, early, and key molecular events of relevance to risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS The initiative will address questions of relevance to better apprize Canadians, including radiation workers and members of the public and Indigenous peoples, on health risks from low dose radiation exposure and inform radiation protection frameworks at a national and international level. Furthermore, it will support global efforts to conduct collaborative undertakings and better coordinate research. Here, we describe a historical overview of the research conducted, the strategic research agenda that outlines the scientific framework, stakeholders, opportunities to harmonize internationally, and how research outcomes will better inform communication of risk to Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Chauhan
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Baki Sadi
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julie Burtt
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kiza Sauvé
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rachel Lane
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi Randhawa
- Directorate of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Debora Quayle
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Hamada N, Laiakis EC, Zablotska LB, Cullings HM. Introduction to the Second Bill Morgan Memorial Special Issue: an update on low dose biology, epidemiology, its integration and implications for radiation protection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:755-756. [PMID: 33872125 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1918972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Japan
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harry M Cullings
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Laiakis EC, Chauhan V, Little MP, Woloschak GE, Weil MM, Hamada N. Summary of the Second Bill Morgan Memorial Symposium: an update on low dose biology, epidemiology, its integration and implications for radiation protection. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:861-865. [PMID: 33252285 PMCID: PMC10655691 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1855373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Gayle E. Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael M. Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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