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Su Y, Song G, Shen Y, Li X, Ren H. Mechanisms and energetics for hydrogen abstraction of thymine photosensitized by benzophenone from theoretical principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6467-6472. [PMID: 36779968 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The significant role of hydrogen abstraction in chemistry and biology has inspired many theoretical works to link its practical phenomena and mechanistic properties. Here, the photophysical processes and hydrogen abstraction mechanisms of benzophenone (BZP) photosensitized thymine damage were systematically investigated from theoretical principles. It was found that the BZP photosensitizer upon UV irradiation undergoes vertical excitation, internal conversion, vibrational relaxation and intersystem crossing into a triplet excited state. Then the triplet BZP damages thymine by a hydrogen abstraction process. However, the reverse reaction easily occurs due to the lower reaction energy, which causes a low yield of hydrogen abstraction products. We hope this comprehensive work can provide a deeper understanding of photosensitive DNA damage from hydrogen abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Guanlin Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Haisheng Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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2
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Souris JS, Leoni L, Zhang HJ, Pan A, Tanios E, Tsai HM, Balyasnikova IV, Bissonnette M, Chen CT. X-ray Activated Nanoplatforms for Deep Tissue Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:673. [PMID: 36839041 PMCID: PMC9962876 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light to excite photosensitive molecules whose electronic relaxation drives the production of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), has proven an effective means of oncotherapy. However, its application has been severely constrained to superficial tissues and those readily accessed either endoscopically or laparoscopically, due to the intrinsic scattering and absorption of photons by intervening tissues. Recent advances in the design of nanoparticle-based X-ray scintillators and photosensitizers have enabled hybridization of these moieties into single nanocomposite particles. These nanoplatforms, when irradiated with diagnostic doses and energies of X-rays, produce large quantities of ROS and permit, for the first time, non-invasive deep tissue PDT of tumors with few of the therapeutic limitations or side effects of conventional PDT. In this review we examine the underlying principles and evolution of PDT: from its initial and still dominant use of light-activated, small molecule photosensitizers that passively accumulate in tumors, to its latest development of X-ray-activated, scintillator-photosensitizer hybrid nanoplatforms that actively target cancer biomarkers. Challenges and potential remedies for the clinical translation of these hybrid nanoplatforms and X-ray PDT are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Souris
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lara Leoni
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hannah J. Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ariel Pan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eve Tanios
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ming Tsai
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Razskazovskiy Y, Campbell EB, Cutright ZD, Thomas CS, Roginskaya M. One-electron oxidation of guanine derivatives: Detection of 2,5-diaminoimidazolone and novel guanine-guanine cross-links as major end products. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Thomas CS, Pollard HC, Razskazovskiy Y, Roginskaya M. Sources of 2,5-diaminoimidazolone lesions in DNA damage initiated by hydroxyl radical attack. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:517-524. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1808632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuriy Razskazovskiy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Marina Roginskaya
- Department of Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Cadet J, Wagner JR, Angelov D. Biphotonic Ionization of DNA: From Model Studies to Cell. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:59-72. [PMID: 30380156 DOI: 10.1111/php.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions triggered by low-intensity UV photons represent a minor contribution with respect to the overwhelming pyrimidine base dimerization in both isolated and cellular DNA. The situation is totally different when DNA is exposed to high-intensity UVC radiation under conditions where biphotonic ionization of the four main purine and pyrimidine bases becomes predominant at the expense of singlet excitation processes. The present review article provides a critical survey of the main chemical reactions of the base radical cations thus generated by one-electron oxidation of nucleic acids in model systems and cells. These include oxidation of the bases with the predominant formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine as the result of preferential hole transfer to guanine bases that act as sinks in isolated and cellular DNA. In addition to hydration, other nucleophilic addition reactions involving the guanine radical cation give rise to intra- and interstrand cross-links together with DNA-protein cross-links. Information is provided on the utilization of high-intensity UV laser pulses as molecular biology tools for studying DNA conformational features, nucleic acid-protein interactions and nucleic acid reactivity through DNA-protein cross-links and DNA footprinting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule LBMC, CNRS-UMR 5239, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Roginskaya M, Janson H, Seneviratni D, Razskazovskiy Y. The reactivity of 2,5-diaminoimidazolone base modification towards aliphatic primary amino derivatives: nucleophilic substitution at C5 as a potential source of abasic sites in oxidatively damaged DNA. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Roginskaya M, Mohseni R, Ampadu-Boateng D, Razskazovskiy Y. DNA damage by the sulfate radical anion: hydrogen abstraction from the sugar moiety versus one-electron oxidation of guanine. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:756-66. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2016.1166488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Castano AP, Demidova TN, Hamblin MR. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part one-photosensitizers, photochemistry and cellular localization. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 1:279-93. [PMID: 25048432 DOI: 10.1016/s1572-1000(05)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1317] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Revised: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of non-toxic dyes or photosensitizers (PS) in combination with harmless visible light that is known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been known for over a hundred years, but is only now becoming widely used. Originally developed as a tumor therapy, some of its most successful applications are for non-malignant disease. In a series of three reviews we will discuss the mechanisms that operate in the field of PDT. Part one discusses the recent explosion in discovery and chemical synthesis of new PS. Some guidelines on how to choose an ideal PS for a particular application are presented. The photochemistry and photophysics of PS and the two pathways known as Type I (radicals and reactive oxygen species) and Type II (singlet oxygen) photochemical processes are discussed. To carry out PDT effectively in vivo, it is necessary to ensure sufficient light reaches all the diseased tissue. This involves understanding how light travels within various tissues and the relative effects of absorption and scattering. The fact that most of the PS are also fluorescent allows various optical imaging and monitoring strategies to be combined with PDT. The most important factor governing the outcome of PDT is how the PS interacts with cells in the target tissue or tumor, and the key aspect of this interaction is the subcellular localization of the PS. Examples of PS that localize in mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membranes are given. Finally the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid as a natural precursor of the heme biosynthetic pathway, stimulates accumulation of the PS protoporphyrin IX is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Castano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tatiana N Demidova
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Bartlett 3, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
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Silerme S, Bobyk L, Taverna-Porro M, Cuier C, Saint-Pierre C, Ravanat JL. DNA-Polyamine Cross-Links Generated upon One Electron Oxidation of DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1011-8. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Silerme
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides
Nucléiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000
Grenoble, France, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 17
rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble cédex 9, France
| | - Laure Bobyk
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides
Nucléiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000
Grenoble, France, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 17
rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble cédex 9, France
| | - Marisa Taverna-Porro
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides
Nucléiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000
Grenoble, France, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 17
rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble cédex 9, France
| | - Camille Cuier
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides
Nucléiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000
Grenoble, France, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 17
rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble cédex 9, France
| | - Christine Saint-Pierre
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides
Nucléiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000
Grenoble, France, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 17
rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble cédex 9, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides
Nucléiques, Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000
Grenoble, France, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 17
rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble cédex 9, France
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Cuquerella MC, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Cadet J, Miranda MA. Benzophenone photosensitized DNA damage. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1558-70. [PMID: 22698517 DOI: 10.1021/ar300054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the carcinogenic potential of ultraviolet radiation is well-known, UV light may interact with DNA by direct absorption or through photosensitization by endogenous or exogenous chromophores. These chromophores can extend the "active" fraction of the solar spectrum to the UVA region and beyond, which means that photosensitizers increase the probability of developing skin cancer upon exposure to sunlight. Therefore researchers would like to understand the mechanisms involved in photosensitized DNA damage both to anticipate possible photobiological risks and to design tailor-made photoprotection strategies. In this context, photosensitized DNA damage can occur through a variety of processes including electron transfer, hydrogen abstraction, triplet-triplet energy transfer, or generation of reactive oxygen species. In this Account, we have chosen benzophenone (BP) as a classical and paradigmatic chromophore to illustrate the different lesions that photosensitization may prompt in nucleosides, in oligonucleotides, or in DNA. Thus, we discuss in detail the accumulated mechanistic evidence of the BP-photosensitized reactions of DNA or its building blocks obtained by our group and others. We also include ketoprofen (KP), a BP-derivative that possesses a chiral center, to highlight the stereodifferentiation in the key photochemical events, revealed through the dynamics of the reactive triplet excited state ((3)KP*). Our results show that irradiation of the BP chromophore in the presence of DNA or its components leads to nucleobase oxidations, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, single strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links, or abasic sites. We attribute the manifold photoreactivity of BP to its well established photophysical properties: (i) it absorbs UV light, up to 360 nm; (ii) its intersystem crossing quantum yield (ϕ(ISC)) is almost 1; (iii) the energy of its nπ* lowest triplet excited state (E(T)) is ca. 290 kJ mol(-1); (iv) it produces singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) with a quantum yield (ϕ(Δ)) of ca. 0.3. For electron transfer and singlet oxygen reactions, we focused on guanine, the nucleobase with the lowest oxidation potential. Among the possible oxidative processes, electron transfer predominates. Conversely, triplet-triplet energy transfer occurs mainly from (3)BP* to thymine, the base with the lowest lying triplet state in DNA. This process results in the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, but it also competes with the Paternò-Büchi reaction in nucleobases or nucleosides, giving rise to oxetanes as a result of crossed cycloadditions. Interestingly, we have found significant stereodifferentiation in the quenching of the KP triplet excited state by both 2'-deoxyguanosine and thymidine. Based on these results, this chromophore shows potential as a (chiral) probe for the investigation of electron and triplet energy transport in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean Cadet
- Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie, CEA/Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Perrier S, Hau J, Gasparutto D, Cadet J, Favier A, Ravanat JL. Characterization of lysine-guanine cross-links upon one-electron oxidation of a guanine-containing oligonucleotide in the presence of a trilysine peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:5703-10. [PMID: 16637637 DOI: 10.1021/ja057656i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of DNA-protein cross-links involving the initial formation of a guanine radical cation was investigated. For this purpose, riboflavin-mediated photosensitization of a TGT oligonucleotide in aerated aqueous solution in the presence of the KKK tripeptide was performed. We have shown that the nucleophilic addition of the epsilon-amino group of the central lysine residue of KKK to the C8 atom of either the guanine radical cation or its deprotonated form gives rise to the efficient formation of a Nepsilon-(guanin-8-yl)-lysine cross-link. Interestingly, the time course of formation of the above-mentioned cross-link was found to be not linear with the time of irradiation, and its formation rapidly reached a plateau. This is explained by secondary decomposition of the initially generated cross-link which could be further oxidized more efficiently than starting TGT oligonucleotide. One-electron oxidation of the initially generated cross-link was found to produce mainly two diastereomeric cross-links exhibiting a spiroimino-trilysine-dihydantoin structure as inferred from enzymatic digestion, CD, UV, NMR and mass spectrometry measurements. In addition, other minor cross-links, for which formation was favored at acidic pH, were assigned as lysine-guanine adducts in which the modified guanine base exhibits a guanidino-trilysine-iminohydantoin structure. A proposed mechanism for the formation of the different detected oligonucleotide-peptide cross-links is given. The high yield of formation of the detected cross-links strongly suggests that a DNA-protein cross-link involving a lysine residue linked to the C8 position of guanine could be generated in cellular systems if a lysine is located in the close vicinity of a guanine radical cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Perrier
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, DRFMC/SCIB UMR-E3 CEA-UJF, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Wood PD, Mnyusiwalla A, Chen L, Johnston LJ. Reactions of Psoralen Radical Cations with Biological Substrates†¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720155roprcw2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Agapakis-Caussé C, Boscá F, Castell JV, Hernández D, Marín ML, Marrot L, Miranda MA. Tiaprofenic Acid-photosensitized Damage to Nucleic Acids: A Mechanistic Study Using Complementary in vitro Approaches. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0710499tapdtn2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mourgues S, Kupan A, Pratviel G, Meunier B. Use of short duplexes for the analysis of the sequence-dependent cleavage of DNA by a chemical nuclease, a manganese porphyrin. Chembiochem 2006; 6:2326-35. [PMID: 16276504 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A manganese porphyrin, manganese(III)-bis(aqua)-meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin, in the presence of KHSO5 is able to perform deoxyribose or guanine oxidation depending on its mode of interaction with DNA. These two reactions involve an oxygen-atom transfer or an electron transfer, respectively. The oxidative reactivity of the manganese-oxo porphyrin was compared on short oligonucleotide duplexes of different sequences. The major mechanism of DNA damage is due to deoxyribose hydroxylation at a site of strong interaction, an (A.T)3 sequence. Guanine oxidation by electron transfer was found not to be competitive with this major mechanism. It was found that a single intrastrand guanine was three orders of magnitude less reactive than an (A.T)3 sequence. The reactivity of a 5'-GG sequence was found to be intermediate and was estimated to be two orders of magnitude less than that of an (A.T)3 site. Short oligonucleotide duplexes, as double-stranded-DNA models, proved to be convenient tools for the study of the comparative reactivity of this reagent toward different sequences of DNA. However, they showed a particular reactivity at their terminal base pairs (the "end effect") that biased their modeling capacity for double-helix-DNA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mourgues
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205, route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Matter B, Malejka-Giganti D, Csallany AS, Tretyakova N. Quantitative analysis of the oxidative DNA lesion, 2,2-diamino-4-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino]-5(2H)-oxazolone (oxazolone), in vitro and in vivo by isotope dilution-capillary HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:5449-60. [PMID: 17020926 PMCID: PMC1636462 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major DNA oxidation product, 2,2-diamino-4-[(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino]-5(2H)-oxazolone (oxazolone), can be generated either directly by oxidation of dG or as a secondary oxidation product with an intermediate of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). Site-specific mutagenesis studies indicate that oxazolone is a strongly mispairing lesion, inducing ∼10-fold more mutations than 8-oxo-dG. While 8-oxo-dG undergoes facile further oxidation, oxazolone appears to be a stable final product of guanine oxidation, and, if formed in vivo, can potentially serve as a biomarker of DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. In this study, capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) methods were developed to enable quantitative analysis of both 8-oxo-dG and oxazolone in DNA from biological sources. Sensitive and specific detection of 8-oxo-dG and oxazolone in enzymatic DNA hydrolysates was achieved by isotope dilution with the corresponding 15N-labeled internal standards. Both nucleobase adducts were formed in a dose-dependent manner in calf thymus DNA subjected to photooxidation in the presence of riboflavin. While the amounts of oxazolone continued to increase with the duration of irradiation, those of 8-oxo-dG reached a maximum at 20 min, suggesting that 8-oxo-dG is converted to secondary oxidation products. Both lesions were found in rat liver DNA isolated under carefully monitored conditions to minimize artifactual oxidation. Liver DNA of diabetic and control rats maintained on a diet high in animal fat contained 2–6 molecules of oxazolone per 107 guanines, while 8-oxo-dG amounts in the same samples were between 3 and 8 adducts per 106 guanines. The formation of oxazolone lesions in rat liver DNA, their relative stability in the presence of oxidants and their potent mispairing characteristics suggest that oxazolone may play a role in oxidative stress-mediated mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danuta Malejka-Giganti
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, MinneapolisMN 55417, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - A. Saari Csallany
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of MinnesotaSt Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at 760E CCRB, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, 420 Delaware St SE, Mayo Mail Code 806, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Tel: +1 612 626 3432; Fax +1 612 626 5135;
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Abstract
Guanine bases in DNA are the most sensitive to oxidation. A lot of effort has been devoted to the understanding of the chemical modifications of guanine under different oxidizing conditions, the final goal being to know which lesions in DNA can be expected in vivo and their biological consequences. This article analyses the mechanisms underlying guanine oxidation by the comparison between one- and two-electron transfer processes. The different oxidants used in vitro give complementary answers. This overview presents a choice of some key intermediates and the predictive description of G-oxidation products that can be generated from these intermediates depending on the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Pratviel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
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Buchko GW, Cadet J. Identification of the alpha and beta anomers of 1-(2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-oxaluric acid at the site of riboflavin-mediated photooxidation of guanine in 2'-deoxyguanosine and thymidylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyguanosine. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:191-9. [PMID: 16489851 DOI: 10.1562/2005-06-01-ra-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Products of riboflavin-mediated photosensitization of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and thymidylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyguanosine (TpdG) by 350-nm light in oxygen-saturated aqueous solution have been isolated and identified as 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) oxaluric acid (beta-dOx) and thymidylyl-(3'-5')-1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) oxaluric acid (Tpbeta-dOx), respectively. In aqueous solution the modified beta-deoxyribonucleoside is slowly converted to the alpha-anomer, generating alpha-dOx and Tpalpha-dOx. These modified nucleosides and dinucleoside monophosphates have been isolated by HPLC and characterized by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and enzymatic analyses. Both alpha-dOx and Tpalpha-dOx slowly convert back into the modified beta-deoxyribonucleoside, indicating that the furanosidic anomers are in dynamic equilibrium. Relative to TpdG, the rate of hydrolysis of Tpbeta-dOx and Tpalpha-dOx by spleen phosphodiesterase is greatly reduced. Hot piperidine (1.0 M, 90 degrees C, 30 min) destroys Tpbeta-dOx and Tpalpha-dOx. Riboflavin-mediated photosensitization of TpdG in D2O instead of H2O has no detectable effect on the yield of Tpbeta-dOx, suggesting that oxaluric acid is generated through a Type-I reaction mechanism, likely through the intermediary on initially generated 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry W Buchko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Gimisis T, Cismaş C. Isolation, Characterization, and Independent Synthesis of Guanine Oxidation Products. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanasis Gimisis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Crina Cismaş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Ravanat JL, Saint-Pierre C, Cadet J. One-electron oxidation of the guanine moiety of 2'-deoxyguanosine: influence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2030-1. [PMID: 12590514 DOI: 10.1021/ja028608q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) on riboflavin and UVA-mediated one-electron oxidation of an aqueous aerated solution of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) has been studied. Using labeled experiments, we have demonstrated that, despite not being able to detect significant amounts of 8-oxodGuo upon one-electron oxidation of dGuo, 8-oxodGuo is indeed produced but is further rapidly degraded to oxidized nucleosides. Evidence is provided showing that an efficient electron transfer reaction from 8-oxodGuo to the guanine radical cation or rather its deprotonated form occurs, giving rise to the specific decomposition of 8-oxodGuo together with the restitution of dGuo. It could be concluded that 8-oxodGuo efficiently protects dGuo from decomposition by the one-electron oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire "Lésions des Acides Nucléiques", Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR 5046, DRFMC, CEA Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Adam W, Arnold MA, Nau WM, Pischel U, Saha-Möller CR. Structure-dependent reactivity of oxyfunctionalized acetophenones in the photooxidation of DNA: base oxidation and strand breaks through photolytic radical formation (spin trapping, EPR spectroscopy, transient kinetics) versus photosensitization (electron transfer, hydrogen-atom abstraction). Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:4955-62. [PMID: 11812825 PMCID: PMC97623 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.24.4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The photooxidative damage of DNA, specifically guanine oxidation and strand-break formation, by sidechain-oxyfunctionalized acetophenones (hydroxy, methoxy, tert-butoxy and acetoxy derivatives), has been examined. The involvement of triplet-excited ketones and their reactivity towards DNA has been determined by time-resolved laser-flash spectroscopy. The generation of carbon-centered radical species upon Norrish-type I cleavage has been assessed by spin-trapping experiments with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, coupled with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The observed DNA-base oxidation and strand-break formation is discussed in terms of the peroxyl radicals derived from the triplet-excited ketones by alpha cleavage and molecular oxygen trapping, as well as direct interaction of the excited states by electron transfer and hydrogen-atom abstraction. It is concluded that acetophenone derivatives, which produce radicals upon photolysis, in particular the hydroxy (AP-OH) and tert-butoxy (AP-O(t)Bu) derivatives, are more effective in oxidizing DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adam
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Ravanat JL, Douki T, Cadet J. Direct and indirect effects of UV radiation on DNA and its components. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2001; 63:88-102. [PMID: 11684456 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 602] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this survey, emphasis was placed on the main photoreactions of nucleic acid components, involving both direct and indirect effects. The main UVB- and UVA-induced DNA photoproducts, together with the mechanisms of their formation, are described. Information on the photoproduct distribution within cellular DNA is also provided, taking into account the limitations of the different analytical methods applied to monitor the formation of the DNA damage. Thus, the formation of the main DNA dimeric pyrimidine lesions produced by direct absorption of UVB photons was assessed using a powerful HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry assay. In addition, it was found that UVA photooxidation damage mostly involves the guanine residues of cellular DNA as the result of singlet oxygen generation by still unknown endogenous photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ravanat
- Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique, UMR 5046, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, CEA Grenoble, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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23
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UV damage to nucleic acid components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-461x(01)80045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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24
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Abstract
The reactions of several psoralen and coumarin radical cations with biological substrates such as nucleotides, amino acids and alkenes that serve as models for unsaturated fatty acids have been examined. The radical cations were generated by laser photoionization of the parent psoralen or coumarin in aqueous buffer in most cases. Easily oxidized substrates such as tyrosine, tryptophan and guanosine monophosphate react with the 8-methoxypsoralen and several methoxy-substituted coumarin radical cations with rate constants in excess of 2 x 10(9) M-1 s-1. In each case reaction occurs via electron transfer, as demonstrated by the observation of quencher-derived radical cations or radicals by transient absorption spectroscopy. For other substrates such as histidine, methionine and adenosine monophosphate the measured rate constants are significantly slower and vary with the oxidation potential of both the parent psoralen or coumarin and the quencher, again indicative of electron transfer reactivity. Most of the alkenes studied also react with the psoralen or coumarin radical cations via electron transfer, although there is some evidence for addition for linoleic acid. Product studies carried out using both lamp and laser irradiation in the presence of deoxyguanosine as a radical cation trap lead to the formation of characteristic base-derived Type-I (electron transfer) products. This lends support to our previous hypothesis that photoionization occurs via a monophotonic process and is thus relevant to conditions used in clinical phototherapeutic applications of psoralens. The results demonstrate the relevance of electron transfer chemistry to the use of psoralens and related compounds as photoactivated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Wood
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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25
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Agapakis-Caussé C, Boscá F, Castell JV, Hernández D, Marín ML, Marrot L, Miranda MA. Tiaprofenic acid-photosensitized damage to nucleic acids: a mechanistic study using complementary in vitro approaches. Photochem Photobiol 2000; 71:499-505. [PMID: 10818779 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)071<0499:tapdtn>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine whether or not tiaprofenic acid (TPA) could cause cellular DNA damage, human fibroblasts were irradiated in the presence of the drug and subsequently examined by means of the comet assay. This led to the observation that TPA actually sensitizes cellular DNA to the subsequent irradiation. When TPA was irradiated in the presence of supercoiled plasmid DNA, it produced large amounts of single-strand breaks (SSB); this is consistent with the effects observed on cellular genomic DNA by the comet assay. More importantly, low concentrations of TPA, unable to produce direct SSB, caused photo-oxidative damage to DNA as revealed by the use of excision-repair enzymes. The fact that TPA-irradiated DNA was a substrate of formamidopyrimidine glycosylase as well as endonuclease III revealed that both purine and pyrimidine bases were oxidized. This was further supported by the TPA-photosensitized oxidation of 2'-deoxyguanosine which led to a product mixture characteristic of mixed type-I/II mechanisms. Thymidine was less reactive under similar conditions, but it also decomposed to give a typical type-I product pattern. Accordingly, the TPA triplet was quenched by the two nucleosides with clearly different rate constants (10(8) vs 10(7) M-1 s-1, respectively). As cellular RNA also contains oxidizable bases, it could be the target of similar processes, thus interfering with the biosynthesis of proteins by the cells. Extraction of total RNA from TPA-irradiated human fibroblasts, followed by gel electrophoresis and PCR analysis, confirmed this hypothesis. Finally, photosensitization experiments with Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that, in spite of an efficient drug-yeast interaction leading to cytotoxicity, neither intergenic recombination nor gene conversion took place. Thus, while TPA-photosensitized damage to nucleic acids can result in genotoxicity, the risk of mutagenicity does not appear to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Agapakis-Caussé
- L'Oreal Advanced Research, Group of Genotoxicity, Aulnay sous Bois, France
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26
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Adam W, Grimm GN, Marquardt S, Saha-Möller CR. Are Pyridinethiones Reliable Photochemical Oxyl-Radical Sources for Photobiological Studies? The Importance of Secondary Photolysis Products in the Guanine Oxidation of 2‘-Deoxyguanosine and Cell-Free DNA. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9811849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Günther N. Grimm
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Marquardt
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R. Saha-Möller
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Delatour T, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Brochier MC, Cadet J. A novel vicinal lesion obtained from the oxidative photosensitization of TpdG: characterization and mechanistic aspects. Chem Res Toxicol 1998; 11:1005-13. [PMID: 9760274 DOI: 10.1021/tx980066w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new type of vicinal base lesion was isolated from the photosensitization of TpdG in aerated aqueous solution. One- and two-dimensional NMR measurements were used together with mass spectrometry to accurately characterize the new adduct. Chemical detection of guanidine provided additional structural information on the base moiety at the 3'-OH terminal end. Altogether the experiments results were indicative of the occurrence of a covalent bonding between the pyrimidine ring on the 5'-OH terminal end and the imidazole ring on the 3'-OH terminal end through a methylene bridge. Photosensitization studies of TpdG, thymidine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine in the presence of either benzophenone, menadione, or riboflavin associated with isotopic labeling experiments using enriched oxygen and water provided relevant information on the mechanism of formation of the adduct. The results of these experiments clearly demonstrated that the initial event leading to the formation of the lesion is the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the methyl group of the thymine base moiety of TpdG. This is followed by the addition of the methyl-centered radical to the C-4 atom of the guanine ring which gives rise to the vicinal lesion after reaction with molecular oxygen and subsequent rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Delatour
- Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, SCIB/Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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28
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Adam W, Andler S, Nau WM, Saha-Möller CR. Oxidative DNA Damage by Radicals Generated in the Thermolysis of Hydroxymethyl-Substituted 1,2-Dioxetanes through the α Cleavage of Chemiexcited Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9726318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Andler
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chantu R. Saha-Möller
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Chouini-Lalanne N, Defais M, Paillous N. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-photosensitized formation of pyrimidine dimer in DNA. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 55:441-6. [PMID: 9514078 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phototoxic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may induce DNA damage in vitro upon irradiation. In this study, we investigated the ability of ketoprofen (KP), tiaprofenic acid (Tia), naproxen (NP) and indomethacin (IND) to photosensitize the formation of pyrimidine dimers and single strand breaks. Both kinds of damage were sought by analyzing DNA-drug mixtures irradiated at 313 nm by agarose gel electrophoresis. The formation of pyrimidine dimers was evidenced by using endonuclease V from bacteriophage T4 and compared to that induced by acetophenone, a well-known photosensitizer of thymine dimerization. Upon irradiation of DNA alone, pyrimidine dimers were observed while single strand breaks were not detected under our conditions. DNA, in the presence of NSAIDs, undergoes single strand breaks, the quantum yield of the DNA cleavage so induced (phiC) varying from 5 x 10(-4) for KP to 10(-5) for IND. The formation of dimers was only increased in the presence of KP or Tia. The quantum yields of pyrimidine dimers formed by photosensitization (phiD) were 2 x 10(-4) for KP and 10(-5) for Tia, respectively. The oxygen and concentration dependence of both processes was analyzed in the case of KP. In aerated solution, KP-photoinduced cleavage of DNA was predominant on the photodimerization process of pyrimidines, whereas in deaerated solution the cleavage was decreased and the dimerization increased. These results reflect competition between a radical process leading to DNA cleavage and a poorly efficient energy transfer between the drug and the pyrimidines at the origin of the dimerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chouini-Lalanne
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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30
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Adam W, Mielke K, Saha-Möller CR, Möller M, Stopper H, Hutterer R, Schneider FW, Ballmaier D, Epe B, Gasparro FF, Chen X, Kagan J. Photochemical and photobiological studies of a furonaphthopyranone as a benzo-spaced psoralen analog in cell-free and cellular DNA. Photochem Photobiol 1997; 66:46-54. [PMID: 9230704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photobiological activities of the benzo-spaced psoralen analog furonaphthopyranone 3 have been investigated in cell-free and cellular DNA. The molecular geometry parameters of 3 suggest that it should not form interstrand crosslinks with DNA. With cell-free DNA no evidence for crosslinking but also not for monoadduct formation was obtained; rather, the unnatural furocoumarin 3 induces oxidative DNA modifications under near-UVA irradiation. The enzymatic assay of the photosensitized damage in cell-free PM2 DNA revealed the significant formation of lesions sensitive to formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg protein). In the photooxidation of calf thymus DNA by the furonaphthopyranone 3, 0.29 +/- 0.02% 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) was observed. With 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo), the guanidine-releasing photooxidation products oxazolone and oxoimidazolidine were formed predominately, while 8-oxodGuo and 4-HO-8-oxodGuo were obtained in minor amounts. The lack of a significant D2O effect in the photooxidation of DNA and dGuo reveals that singlet oxygen (type II process) plays a minor role; control experiments with tert-butanol and mannitol confirm the absence of hydroxyl radicals as oxidizing species. The furonaphthopyranone 3 (Ered = -1.93 +/- 0.03V) should act in its singlet-excited state as electron acceptor for the photooxidation of dGuo (delta GET ca -6 kcal/mol), which corroborates photoinduced electron transfer (type I) as a major DNA-oxidizing mechanism. A comet assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) AS52 cells demonstrated that the psoralen analog 3 damages cellular DNA upon near-UVA irradiation; however, no photosensitized mutagenicity was observed in CHO AS52 cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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31
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Adam W, Saha-Möller CR, Schönberger A. Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidative Modification of 2‘-Deoxyguanosine (dGuo) by Triplet-Excited Ketones Generated Thermally from the 1,2-Dioxetane HTMD. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9629827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Adam
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chantu R. Saha-Möller
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Schönberger
- Contribution from the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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32
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Cadet J, Berger M, Douki T, Ravanat JL. Oxidative damage to DNA: formation, measurement, and biological significance. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 131:1-87. [PMID: 9204689 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-61992-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cadet
- Départament de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/Grenoble, France
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33
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Luo Y, Henle ES, Linn S. Oxidative damage to DNA constituents by iron-mediated fenton reactions. The deoxycytidine family. J Biol Chem 1996. [PMID: 8702887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.35.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage by iron-mediated Fenton reactions under aerobic or anaerobic conditions to deoxycytidine, deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate, d-CpC, d-CpCpC, and dCMP residues in DNA resulted in at least 26 distinguishable products. Of these, 24 were identified by high performance liquid chromatography retention times, radiolabeling, UV absorption spectra, chemical synthesis, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and/or NMR. The nature of the products was qualitatively similar for each substrate except for d-CpC (and possibly d-CpCpC) under anaerobic conditions for which 5-hydroxy-deoxycytidine was uniquely present and 1-carbamoyl-1-carboxy-4-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythropentofuranosyl) glycinamide was uniquely absent. Damage to dC, d-CpC, and d-CpCpC but not to dCMP or DNA was largely quenched by ethanol, indicating that iron is strongly associated only with dCMP and DNA. The presence of oxygen had little effect with dC or dCMP but had quantitative and qualitative effects with d-CpC and a significantly quantitative but not a qualitative effect with DNA. NADH could drive the Fenton reaction to cause damage to the dC family in vitro, consistent with a previous proposal that NADH was the reducing agent for the Fenton reaction in vivo (Imlay, J.A., and Linn, S. (1988) Science 240, 1302-1309). Finally, the damage spectrum of the dC family by the Fenton reaction is compared with that by ionizing radiation and chemical mechanisms leading to the formation of the 24 identified products are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3202, USA
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Adam W, Berger M, Cadet J, Dall'Acqua F, Epe B, Frank S, Rarnaiah D, Raoul S, Saha-Möller CR, Vedaldi D. Photochemistry and Photobiology of Furocoumarin Hydroperoxides Derived from Imperatorin: Novel Intercalating Photo-Fenton Reagents for Oxidative DNA Modification by Hydroxyl Radicals. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb09629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Adam W, Andler S, Saha-Möller CR, Schönberger A. Inhibitory effect of ethyl oleate hydroperoxide and alcohol in photosensitized oxidative DNA damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1996; 34:51-8. [PMID: 8765660 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Xanthone-sensitized photo-oxidation of guanine in calf thymus DNA and in the nucleoside 2'-deoxyguanosine has been investigated in the presence of various additives, with major emphasis on hydroperoxides. The formation of the guanine oxidation products 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua), which is a marker for oxidative DNA damage, and 2,2-diamino-4-[(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino]-5(2H)-oxazo lone (oxazolone) was monitored quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical or fluorescence analysis. Irradiation (350 nm) of calf thymus DNA in the presence of xanthone as sensitizer afforded 8-oxoGua in 1.4% yield. The ethyl oleate hydroperoxide 1a and its alcohol 1b inhibit the formation of 8-oxoGua very efficiently (up to 85%). Even the structurally simple t-butyl hydroperoxide and the physiologically relevant hydrogen peroxide exhibit strong inhibition of photosensitized oxidation of guanine in DNA and in the nucleoside, while t-butanol and the allylic alcohols 3b and 4 do not. Hydroperoxides in general quench type I-sensitized (benzophenone, xanthone) photo-oxidation of guanine, but not that of rose bengal, a predominant type II sensitizer. The inhibiting effect is explained by H abstraction of the electronically excited carbonyl chromophore from the additive. The biological relevance of these findings should be seen in the potential protecting role of lipid hydroperoxides and their corresponding alcohols against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
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36
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Adam W, Saha-Möller CR, Schönberger A. Photooxidation of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2‘-deoxyguanosine by Thermally Generated Triplet-Excited Ketones from 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,4,4-trimethyl-1,2-dioxetane and Comparison with Type I and Type II Photosensitizers. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja953980+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Buchko GW, Wagner JR, Cadet J, Raoul S, Weinfeld M. Methylene blue-mediated photooxidation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1263:17-24. [PMID: 7632729 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(95)00078-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
One well known product of the methylene blue-mediated photosensitization of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) in oxygen saturated aqueous solution is 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). We observed that the rate of 8-oxodG photodecomposition by methylene blue-mediated photosensitization is approx. 3-times faster than for dG. The primary products of the methylene blue-mediated photosensitization of 8-oxodG are 2-amino-5-((2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino)-4H-imidazol-4-o ne (dIz), 2,2-diamino-4-((2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino)-5(2H)-oxazo lone (dZ), the 4R* and 4S* diastereoisomers of 4,8-dihydro-4-hydroxy-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (dO), and an as yet unidentified product with a molecular weight of 287 (dX). Except for the latter product, these compounds have all been identified following the methylene blue-mediated photooxidation of dG. Methylene blue-mediated photooxidation of 8-oxodG in D2O instead of H2O leads to a 4-fold increase in the rate of 8-oxodG photodecomposition while the addition of sodium azide retards the reaction, observations which imply that the reaction occurs via a type II (singlet oxygen mediated) mechanism. Like 8-oxodG, dIz and dZ are sensitive to hot piperidine and likely contribute to strand breaks observed in double stranded DNA exposed to methylene blue plus light followed by hot piperidine. Because 8-oxodG generates predominately G-->T transversions, the photooxidation of 8-oxodG to dIz, dO, and dX may explain the predominance of G-->C transversions in single-stranded M13mp2 bacteriophage DNA exposed to methylene blue plus light and then transfected into SOS-induced Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Buchko
- Department of Radiobiology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
The importance of radical-induced damage to DNA is apparent from the ever-increasing number of publications in this area. This review focuses on the damage caused to DNA by reactive oxygen-centred radicals, however formed. These may be hydroxyl radicals, which arise either from the radiolysis of water by ionizing radiation (gamma-rays or X-rays), or from a purely chemical source. Alternatively, metal-bound oxyl radicals (M-O.) are also active intermediates in DNA-cleaving reactions and may be formed from synthetic compounds or from natural products such as bleomycin (BLM). Chemical mechanisms leading to the observed degradation products are covered in detail. The biological effects of some of the DNA base lesions formed are touched upon, concentrating on the molecular mechanisms behind the initial events that lead to mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Breen
- University of Nottingham, Department of Chemistry, UK
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39
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Morin B, Cadet J. Benzophenone photosensitization of 2'-deoxyguanosine: characterization of the 2R and 2S diastereoisomers of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)- 2-methoxy-4,5-imidazolidinedione. A model system for the investigation of photosensitized formation of DNA-protein crosslinks. Photochem Photobiol 1994; 60:102-9. [PMID: 7938206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-mediated photosensitization of 2'-deoxyguanosine and its 3',5'-di-O-acetyl derivative, used as DNA model compounds, in oxygen-saturated water-methanol (1:1) solution results in the nucleophilic addition of methanol to the guanine base. The resulting modified nucleosides have been isolated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by extensive spectroscopic measurements including 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and circular dichroism as the 2R and 2S diastereoisomers of 1-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2-methoxy-4,5-imidazolinedione and their related 3',5'-di-O-acetyl derivates. Information concerning the absolute configuration of the two pairs of diastereoisomers was inferred from detailed nuclear Overhauser effect experiments. A reaction mechanism, involving guanine radical intermediates, is proposed to explain the generation of these new guanine photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morin
- CEA/Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, SESAM/LAN, Grenoble, France
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40
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Cadet J, Ravanat JL, Buchko GW, Yeo HC, Ames BN. Singlet oxygen DNA damage: chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of damage products. Methods Enzymol 1994; 234:79-88. [PMID: 7808341 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)34079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Cadet
- Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, SESAM/LAN, Grenoble, France
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41
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von Sonntag C. Radiation chemistry in the 1990s: pressing questions relating to the areas of radiation biology and environmental research. Int J Radiat Biol 1994; 65:19-26. [PMID: 7905905 DOI: 10.1080/09553009414550031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This preview discusses the possible future application of ionizing radiation in the study of the free-radical chemistry of some aqueous systems. With respect to the present state of knowledge in the area of chemistry related to radiobiology, ionizing-radiation damage to DNA will continue to be a major focus of radiobiological interest. It is noted that the purine-base, free-radical chemistry is still poorly understood, as is the chemistry of the direct effect of ionizing radiation on DNA. The role of transition metal ions, their interaction with hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide radical are areas of increasing interest, as are other reactions of the superoxide radical. The eventual chemical effects, on DNA, of the reactions of these species resemble those of the action of ionizing radiation and are therefore apt to be studied radiation-chemically. In contaminated water pollution control, procedures termed 'advanced oxidation processes' are gaining in importance. They are based on the action of the .OH radical. Radiation techniques will provide the tools for understanding the underlying reactions better.
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Affiliation(s)
- C von Sonntag
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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