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Hart A, Ebiundu K, Peretomode E, Onyeaka H, Nwabor OF, Obileke K. Value-added materials recovered from waste bone biomass: technologies and applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22302-22330. [PMID: 36043087 PMCID: PMC9364440 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03557j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world population increases, the generation of waste bones will multiply exponentially, increasing landfill usage and posing health risks. This review aims to shed light on technologies for recovering valuable materials (e.g., alkaline earth material oxide such as CaO, hydroxyapatite, beta tri-calcium phosphate, phosphate and bone char) from waste bones, and discuss their potential applications as an adsorbent, catalyst and catalyst support, hydroxyapatite for tissue engineering, electrodes for energy storage, and phosphate source for soil remediation. Waste bone derived hydroxyapatite and bone char have found applications as a catalyst or catalyst support in organic synthesis, selective oxidation, biodiesel production, hydrocracking of heavy oil, selective hydrogenation and synthesis of bioactive compounds. With the help of this study, researchers can gather comprehensive data on studies regarding the recycling of waste bones, which will help them identify material recovery technologies and their applications in a single document. Furthermore, this work identifies areas for further research and development as well as areas for scaling-up, which will lead to reduced manufacturing costs and environmental impact. The idea behind this is to promote a sustainable environment and a circular economy concept in which waste bones are used as raw materials to produce new materials or for energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abarasi Hart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Komonibo Ebiundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria
| | | | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK +44 (0)1214145292
| | - Ozioma Forstinus Nwabor
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - KeChrist Obileke
- Department of Physics, University of Fort Hare PMB X1314 Alice 5700 South Africa
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2
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Zhao W, Tian Y, Chu X, Cui L, Zhang H, Li M, Zhao P. Preparation and characteristics of a magnetic carbon nanotube adsorbent: Its efficient adsorption and recoverable performances. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Jiang W, Zhang L, Guo X, Yang M, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wei G. Adsorption of cationic dye from water using an iron oxide/activated carbon magnetic composites prepared from sugarcane bagasse by microwave method. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:337-350. [PMID: 31158062 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1627425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, using an agricultural waste of sugarcane bagasse, new biomass of magnetic sugarcane bagasse activated carbon (MSBAC) has been successfully prepared by a simple microwave method. The composition and structure of MSBAC were characterised by SEM, XRD, BET, and FT-IR. It was found that MSBAC was a mesoporous material with a loose structure and rough surface, and it had a high specific surface area. The pHPZC was 4.1, and MSBAC presented a greater amount of acid functional groups than basic groups, making it efficient for adsorption of cationic dye. To study the adsorption ability of MSBAC, methylene blue (MB) was selected as sample pollutant. Effects of pH, MSBAC dosage, initial MB concentration, temperature, time on the adsorption of MB, and the possibility of regeneration of MSBAC were investigated. The adsorption results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 36.14 mg·g-1, and the pH had no significant effect on the MB adsorption in the range of 2-10. The equilibrium data fitted Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption kinetic data obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process involving the surface diffusion and film diffusion. The positive value of ΔH revealed the adsorption behaviour was an endothermic process. The salt concentration had a negative effect on MB removal. MSBAC had a good magnetic separation performance. The used MSBAC could be regenerated by a simple calcination method under the temperature of 300℃ for 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Jiang
- Agro-Products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Energy Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Linye Zhang
- Department of Energy Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousen Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Removal of Phosphate Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Leftover Coal. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High loadings of wastewater with phosphors (P) require purification measures, which can be challenging to realize in regions where the technical and financial frame does not allow sophisticated applications. Simple percolation devices employing various kinds of adsorbents might be an alternative. Here, we investigated the application of leftover coal, which was collected from Ethiopian coal mining areas, as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions in a classical slurry batch set-up. The combined effects of operational parameters such as contact time, initial concentration, and solution pH on P retention efficiency was studied employing the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The maximum phosphate adsorption (79% removal and 198 mg kg−1 leftover coal) was obtained at a contact time of 200 min, an initial phosphate concentration of 5 mg/L, and a solution pH of 2.3. The Freundlich isotherm was fitted to the experimental data. The pseudo second-order equation describes the experimental data well, with a correlation value of R2 = 0.99. The effect of temperature on the adsorption reveals that the process is exothermic. The results demonstrate that leftover coal material could potentially be applied for the removal of phosphate from aqueous media, but additional testing in a flow-through set-up using real wastewater is required to draw definite conclusions.
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Chen S, Chen Y, Pei H, Hou Q. Biofilm development dynamics and pollutant removal performance of ceramsite made from drinking-water treatment sludge. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:616-627. [PMID: 30742347 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alum-sludge ceramsite and denitrifying bacteria (XP-1, XP-2, CL-1, CL-3) were used as substrate and constructed biofilm for enhancing the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The results showed that, due to the large specific surface area, the maximum growth rate was 0.49 mg/(g·day) on the sludge ceramsite, and the mass of biofilm attached onto sludge ceramsite was 5.98 times higher than that when using commercial ceramsite as substrate. Better removal performance could be achieved with the combination of sludge ceramsite and bacteria, viz. 98.6%, 91.0%, and 85.8% reduction in total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, Monod kinetics, and multiple Monod kinetics combined with continuous-flow-stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) behavior were used to investigate the dynamics of the pollutant removal processes. The decrease in band brightness for bacteria attached onto sludge ceramsite was 11.5%, while it was more than 35.7% on commercial ceramsite during wastewater treatment according to results from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Sludge ceramsite played an important role in maintaining quantities and activities of denitrifying bacteria, and application of sludge ceramsite substrate and denitrifying bacteria was a reliable method to enhance the removals of phosphorus, nitrogen, and COD from domestic wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Alum-sludge ceramsite was a good substrate for phosphorus adsorption and denitrifying bacterial growth. There was 5.98 times more biofilm on sludge ceramsite than on commercial ceramsite The biofilm of denitrifying bacteria on sludge ceramsite was more stable. High removals of TP (98.6%), TN (90.1%) and COD (85.81%) were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Qingjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China
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Silveira C, Shimabuku QL, Fernandes Silva M, Bergamasco R. Iron-oxide nanoparticles by the green synthesis method using Moringa oleifera leaf extract for fluoride removal. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2926-2936. [PMID: 28823221 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1369582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles (NPsFeO) via a green synthesis method, using Moringa oleifera leaf extract, and evaluated its fluoride ion adsorption potential, comparing its efficiency with a commercially available adsorbent (activated carbon of bone [BGAC]). The adsorbent materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission, and scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results showed that the maximum adsorption occurred in pH 7 for NPsFeO and pH 5 for the BGAC. Adsorption kinetic tests showed that the equilibrium was reached in 40 min for the NPsFeO, and 90 min for BGAC, with adsorption potential of 1.40 and 1.20 mg g-1, respectively. The model that best described the kinetic data was pseudo-first-order for NPsFeO and pseudo-second-order for BGAC. The Langmuir isotherm had a better fit for both adsorbents. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C for BGAC, and at 30°C for NPsFeO. The regeneration process showed that it is possible to reuse NPsFeO three times in the fluoride ion adsorption process. As a result of its adsorption capabilities and the shortest contact time to achieve equilibrium, the NPsFeO is a highly promising material for fluoride ion removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Silveira
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Fernandes Silva
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil
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Ajmal Z, Muhmood A, Usman M, Kizito S, Lu J, Dong R, Wu S. Phosphate removal from aqueous solution using iron oxides: Adsorption, desorption and regeneration characteristics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 528:145-155. [PMID: 29843062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics of phosphate (PO43-) adsorption, desorption and regeneration characteristics of three lab-synthesized iron oxides, ferrihydrite (F), goethite (G), and magnetite (M) were evaluated in this study. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of several adsorption parameters including adsorbent dosage, reaction time, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The results showed that PO43- adsorption increased with reaction time and temperature while it decreased with an increase in solution pH. Adsorption isotherm data exhibited good agreement with the Freundlich and Langmuir model with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 66.6 mg·g-1 (F), 57.8 mg·g-1 (M), and 50.5 mg·g-1 (G). A thermodynamics evaluation produced ΔG < 0, ΔH > 0, and ΔS > 0, demonstrating that PO43- adsorption onto tested minerals is endothermic, spontaneous, and disordered. The PO43- removal mostly occurred via electrostatic attraction between the sorbate and sorbent surfaces. Moreover, the PO43- sorption was reversible and could be desorbed at varying rates in both neutral and alkaline environments. The good desorption capacity has practical benefits for potential regeneration and re-use of the saturated particles in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ajmal
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Atif Muhmood
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Simon Kizito
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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8
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Hokkanen S, Bhatnagar A, Koistinen A, Kangas T, Lassi U, Sillanpää M. Comparison of adsorption equilibrium models and error functions for the study of sulfate removal by calcium hydroxyapatite microfibrillated cellulose composite. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:952-966. [PMID: 28406056 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1317839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the adsorption of sulfates of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) by calcium hydroxyapatite-modified microfibrillated cellulose was studied in the aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis in order to gain the information on its structure and physico-chemical properties. The adsorption studies were conducted in batch mode. The effects of solution pH, contact time, the initial concentration of sulfate and the effect of competing anions were studied on the performance of synthesized adsorbent for sulfate removal. Adsorption kinetics indicated very fast adsorption rate for sulfate of both sources (Na2SO4 and SLS) and the adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 34.53 mg g-1 for sulfates of SLS and 7.35 mg g-1 for sulfates of Na2SO4. The equilibrium data were described by the Langmuir, Sips, Freundlich, Toth and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models using five different error functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Hokkanen
- a Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science , Lappeenranta University of Technology , Mikkeli , Finland
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- b Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Ari Koistinen
- c Department of Mechanical Engineering , Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Teija Kangas
- d Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- d Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
- e Unit of Applied Chemistry , University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius , Kokkola , Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- a Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science , Lappeenranta University of Technology , Mikkeli , Finland
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Ma F, Du H, Li R, Zhang Z. Pyridinium-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a reusable adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1127-1135. [PMID: 27642832 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, pyridinium-functionalized silica nanoparticles adsorbent (PC/SiO2/Fe3O4) was synthesized for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. The removal efficiency of phosphate on the PC/SiO2/Fe3O4 was carried out and investigated under various conditions such as pH, contact temperature and initial concentration. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 10 min, which fitted a Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacity of 94.16 mg/g, and the kinetic data were fitted well by pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. Phosphate loaded on the adsorbents could be easily desorbed with 0.2 mol/L of NaOH, and the adsorbents showed good reusability. The adsorption capacity was still around 50 mg/g after 10 times of reuse. All the results demonstrated that this pyridinium-functionalized mesoporous material could be used for the phosphate removal from aqueous solution and it was easy to collect due to its magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China E-mail:
| | - Hongtao Du
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China E-mail:
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China E-mail:
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Han T, Zhang X, Fu X, Liu J. Three-dimensional MgSiO3-coated SnO2/C nanostructures for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hierarchical nanostructure consisting of a coral-like base and nanoflake coating exhibits high adsorption performance towards Pb(ii) and As(v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Han
- College of Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Chaohu University
- Chaohu
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Nanomaterials and Environment Detection Laboratory
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Fu
- Nanomaterials and Environment Detection Laboratory
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Nanomaterials and Environment Detection Laboratory
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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Effect of Alkali Treatment of Wheat Straw on Adsorption of Cu(II) under Acidic Condition. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/6326372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The convenient and feasible pretreatment method of alkali treatment is very common in the degradation process of wheat straw. However, its utilization in the pretreatment of wheat straw as alternative adsorbents for aqueous heavy metals remediation is rarely reported. The present study investigated the removal efficiency of Cu(II) ions using wheat straw with alkali pretreatment. The condition of alkali treatment on wheat straw was optimized with the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) as indicator using single-factor experiments. The influences of wheat straw dosages, pH values, contact time, and temperatures on adsorption performance for both untreated wheat straw (UWS) and alkali-treated wheat straw (AWS) were investigated. Results showed that the relatively large removal rate of Cu(II) could be obtained, and chemical behavior occurred during the adsorption process. Characteristic analysis found that the major function of alkali treatment to wheat straw was to introduce the hydroxy group, which resulted in the increase of -C-O- group. Although the adsorption capacity is not as high as the one of ligands supported adsorbents, the method is easy to operate and has a wide range of application; at the same time, it could realize both purposes of treating heavy metal pollution and solid wastes.
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Xia S, Xu X, Xu C, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu G. Preparation, characterization, and phosphate removal and recovery of magnetic MnFe2O4 nano-particles as adsorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:795-804. [PMID: 26292922 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1085099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate removal is an important method for controlling eutrophication in bodies of water. Adsorption is an effective phosphate removal approach. In this research, the adsorbent, namely, MnFe2O4, was prepared through the improved co-precipitation method and investigated in terms of phosphate removal. MnFe2O4 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Phosphate adsorption by MnFe2O4, desorption of adsorbed MnFe2O4 with the regeneration of desorbed MnFe2O4, and phosphate recovery were researched. Experimental results showed that adding the appropriate amount of polyethylene glycol to MnFe2O4 precursors during preparation inhibited the agglomeration of MnFe2O4 between particles because of the magnetic property of MnFe2O4 etc. High crystallinity and strong magnetism were achieved by MnFe2O4 at low temperatures. Average particle size was 5.1 nm. The hysteresis loops confirmed the ferrimagnetic behaviour of MnFe2O4 with a high saturation magnetization (i.e. 26.27 emu/g). The adsorption mechanism of phosphate was mainly physical. The prepared MnFe2O4 had a spinel structure. The proposed technique achieved a phosphate removal rate of 96.06%. A considerable amount of phosphate was desorbed from the adsorbed MnFe2O4 in 15 w/v% NaOH solution. The adsorption capacity of the desorbed MnFe2O4 could be restored to 96.73% in 10 w/v% NaNO3 solution through ion exchange. A sustainable phosphate source was recovered via hydroxyapatite crystallization in the desorption solution, which contained an abundant amount of phosphate as seed for suitable recovery condition. This finding suggested that MnFe2O4 could be a promising adsorbent for efficient phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Xia
- a College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- a College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Changsong Xu
- c College of Power and Energy Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Wang
- d Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone , Environmental Monitoring Station , Tianjin 300308 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- e Chongqing Wangjiang Industry Co., Ltd ., Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- a College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , Harbin 150001 , People's Republic of China
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