1
|
Rolón-Cárdenas GA, Arvizu-Gómez JL, Soria-Guerra RE, Pacheco-Aguilar JR, Alatorre-Cobos F, Hernández-Morales A. The role of auxins and auxin-producing bacteria in the tolerance and accumulation of cadmium by plants. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3743-3764. [PMID: 35022877 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for plant physiology and development. This review discusses Cd effects on auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis, and the strategies for restoring plant growth based on exogenous auxin application. First, the two well-characterized auxin biosynthesis pathways in plants are described, as well as the effect of exogenous auxin application on plant growth. Then, review describes the impacts of Cd on the content, biosynthesis, conjugation, and oxidation of endogenous auxins, which are related to a decrease in root development, photosynthesis, and biomass production. Finally, compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of auxin-producing rhizobacteria in plants exposed to Cd is showed, focusing on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and production of antioxidant compounds and osmolytes that counteract Cd toxicity, favoring plant growth and improve phytoremediation efficiency. Expanding our understanding of the positive effects of exogenous auxins application and the interactions between bacteria and plants growing in Cd-polluted environments will allow us to propose phytoremediation strategies for restoring environments contaminated with this metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Adelina Rolón-Cárdenas
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del Campo 501, Fraccionamiento Rafael Curiel, 79060, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología (CENITT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | | | - Alejandro Hernández-Morales
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del Campo 501, Fraccionamiento Rafael Curiel, 79060, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi W, Li J, Kan D, Yu W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Deng S, Zhou J, Fayyaz P, Luo ZB. Sulfur metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are crucial physiological processes modulating the different tolerance to Pb stress of two contrasting poplars. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1799-1811. [PMID: 35313352 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the pivotal physiological processes modulating lead (Pb) tolerance capacities of poplars, the saplings of two contrasting poplar species, Populus × canescens with high Pb sensitivity and Populus nigra with relatively low Pb sensitivity, were treated with either 0 or 8 mM Pb for 6 weeks. Lead was absorbed by the roots and accumulated massively in the roots and leaves, leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, reduced photosynthesis and biomass in both poplar species. Particularly, the tolerance index of P. × canescens was significantly lower than that of P. nigra. Moreover, the physiological responses including the concentrations of nutrient elements, thiols, organic acids, phytohormones and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the roots and leaves were different between the two poplar species. Notably, the differences in concentrations of nutrient elements, organic acids and phytohormones were remarkable between the two poplar species. A further evaluation of the Pb tolerance-related physiological processes showed that the change of 'sulfur (S) metabolism' in the roots was greater, and that of 'organic acid accumulation' in the roots and 'phytohormone regulation' in the leaves were markedly smaller in P. × canescens than those in P. nigra. These results suggest that there are differences in Pb tolerance capacities between P. × canescens and P. nigra, which is probably associated with their contrasting physiological responses to Pb stress, and that S metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are probably the key physiological processes modulating the different Pb tolerance capacities between the two poplar species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan road, Xuanwu district, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Donxu Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing road, Xiangfang district, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Payam Fayyaz
- Forest, Range and Watershed Management Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Yasouj University, Daneshjoo St, Yasuj 75919-63179, Iran
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rolón-Cárdenas GA, Martínez-Martínez JG, Arvizu-Gómez JL, Soria-Guerra RE, Alfaro-De la Torre MC, Alatorre-Cobos F, Rubio-Santiago J, González-Balderas RDM, Carranza-Álvarez C, Macías-Pérez JR, Aldaba-Muruato LR, Hernández-Morales A. Enhanced Cd-Accumulation in Typha latifolia by Interaction with Pseudomonas rhodesiae GRC140 under Axenic Hydroponic Conditions. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111447. [PMID: 35684220 PMCID: PMC9183143 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Typha genus comprises plant species extensively studied for phytoremediation processes. Recently, Pseudomonas rhodesiae GRC140, an IAA-producing bacterium, was isolated from Typha latifolia roots. This bacterium stimulates the emergence of lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana in the presence and absence of cadmium. However, the bacterial influence on cadmium accumulation by the plant has not been determined. Moreover, the P. rhodesiae GRC140 effect in Cd phytoextraction by T. latifolia remains poorly understood. In this work, an axenic hydroponic culture of T. latifolia was established. The plants were used to evaluate the effects of cadmium stress in axenic plants and determine the effects of P. rhodesiae GRC140 and exogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) on Cd tolerance and Cd uptake by T. latifolia. Biomass production, total chlorophyll content, root electrolyte leakage, catalase activity, total glutathione, and Cd content were determined. The results showed that Cd reduces shoot biomass and increases total glutathione and Cd content in a dose-dependent manner in root tissues. Furthermore, P. rhodesiae GRC140 increased Cd translocation to the shoots, while IAA increased the Cd accumulation in plant roots, indicating that both treatments increase Cd removal by T. latifolia plants. These results indicate that axenic plants in hydroponic systems are adequate to evaluate the Cd effects in plants and suggest that T. latifolia phytoextraction abilities could be improved by P. rhodesiae GRC140 and exogenous IAA application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Adelina Rolón-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí 79060, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (J.R.M.-P.); (L.R.A.-M.)
| | - Joana Guadalupe Martínez-Martínez
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí 79060, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (J.R.M.-P.); (L.R.A.-M.)
| | - Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez
- Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología (CENITT), Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit 63173, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.A.-G.); (A.H.-M.); Tel.: +52-4813812348 (A.H.-M.)
| | - Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
| | - Ma. Catalina Alfaro-De la Torre
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
| | | | - Jesús Rubio-Santiago
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
| | - Regina de Montserrat González-Balderas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
| | - Candy Carranza-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí 79060, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (J.R.M.-P.); (L.R.A.-M.)
| | - José Roberto Macías-Pérez
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí 79060, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (J.R.M.-P.); (L.R.A.-M.)
| | - Liseth Rubí Aldaba-Muruato
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí 79060, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (J.R.M.-P.); (L.R.A.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (G.A.R.-C.); (R.E.S.-G.); (M.C.A.-D.l.T.); (J.R.-S.); (R.d.M.G.-B.); (C.C.-Á.)
- Facultad de Estudios Profesionales Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí 79060, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (J.R.M.-P.); (L.R.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.A.-G.); (A.H.-M.); Tel.: +52-4813812348 (A.H.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Kang Y, Liu Y, Shi M, Zhang W, Fan Y, Yao Y, Li H, Qin S. Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in response to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112682. [PMID: 34419646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is a ubiquitous abiotic stress affecting plant growth worldwide and negatively impacting crop yield and food safety. Potato is the most important non-grain crop globally, but there is limited research available on the response of this crop to Cd stress. This study explored the coping mechanism for Cd stress in potato through analyses of miRNA and mRNA. Tissue culture seedlings (20-day-old) of potato variety 'Atlantic' were cultured for up to 48 h in liquid medium containing 5 mmol/L CdCl2, and phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptomic changes were observed at specific times. With the extension of Cd stress time, the potato leaves gradually wilted and curled, and root salicylic acid (SA), glutathione (GSH), and lignin contents and peroxidase (POD) activity increased, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) contents decreased. Using miRNA-seq, 161 existing miRNAs, 383 known miRNAs, and 7361 novel miRNAs were identified, and, 18 miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to Cd stress. Based on mRNA-seq, 7340 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) were found. Through mRNA-miRNA integrated analysis, miRNA-target gene pairs consisting of 23 DEGs and 33 miRNAs were identified. Furthermore, "glutathione metabolism" "plant hormone signal transduction" and "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" were established as crucial pathways in the Cd stress response of potato. Novel miRNAs novel-m3483-5p and novel-m2893-5p participate in these pathways through targeted regulation of cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; PG0005359) and alanine aminotransferase (POP; PG0024281), respectively. This study provides information that will help elucidate the complex mechanism of the Cd stress response in potato. Moreover, candidate miRNAs and mRNAs could yield new strategies for the development of Cd-tolerant potato breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yichen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mingfu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanhong Yao
- Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi 743000, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woraharn S, Meeinkuirt W, Phusantisampan T, Avakul P. Potential of ornamental monocot plants for rhizofiltration of cadmium and zinc in hydroponic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35157-35170. [PMID: 33666846 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) accumulation and uptake ability have been investigated in three ornamental monocot plants (Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata, Echinodorus cordifolius, and Pontederia cordata) grown in hydroponic systems. All study plants in the highest heavy metal treatments were found to be excluders for Cd and Zn with translocation factor values < 1 and bioconcentration factor (BCF) values > 100. The highest Cd and Zn accumulations were found in roots of E. cordifolius (4766.6 mg Zn kg-1 and 6141.6 mg Cd kg-1), followed by H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata (4313.5 mg Zn kg-1) and P. cordata (3673.3 mg Cd kg-1), respectively, whereas shoots had lower performances. However, P. cordata had the lowest dry biomass production compared to the other two plant species in this study. As a result of dilution effects, heavy metal accumulation for all study plants was lower in the combined heavy metal treatments than in solely Cd and Zn only treatments. At the end of experiments, the highest uptakes of Cd and Zn were found in H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata (62.1% Zn2+ from 10 mg Zn L-1 solution) and E. cordifolius (27.3% Cd2+ from 2 mg Cd L-1 solution). Low percentage metal uptakes were found in P. cordata; therefore, E. cordifolius and H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata are clearly better suited for removing Cd and/or Zn from contaminated waters and hydroponic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasimar Woraharn
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand
| | - Weeradej Meeinkuirt
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand.
- Water and Soil Environmental Research Unit, Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand.
| | - Theerawut Phusantisampan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Piyathap Avakul
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren M, Qin Z, Li X, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Yang S. Selenite antagonizes the phytotoxicity of Cd in the cattail Typha angustifolia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109959. [PMID: 31787383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Phytotoxicity of and mechanism underlying selenite-mediated tolerance to Cd stress in Typha angustifolia were studied hydroponically with respect to metal uptake and translocation, photosynthesis-related parameters, contents of proline and O2•-, products of lipid peroxidation, cell viability, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, glyoxalases and phytochelatins. T. angustifolia were exposed to 25, 50 and 100 μM of Cd alone and in conjunction with 5 mg L-1 of selenite in full-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution for 30 days. Results showed that Cd contents in T. angustifolia leaves and roots increased in a dose-dependent manner and were higher in roots, but those of BAC, BCF and TF changed in a contrary pattern. Addition of selenite to Cd-containing treatments further reduced Cd levels in T. angustifolia leaves and roots, as well as BAC, BCF and TF. A diphasic effect was found in T. angustifolia for the contents of total chlorophyll, GSH, PC and GSSG, as well as activities of CAT, POD, SOD and GR, in response to Cd stress alone and in conjunction with selenite supplementation, but the same effect was not observed for Pn, Cond, Tr, Ci, Fv/Fm and ϕPSII. In contrast, exogenous selenite supplementation enhanced the contents of total chlorophyll and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as activities of enzymatic antioxidants, while the values of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters were rescued. Selenite addition decreased Cd-induced cell death. Proline contents and Gly I activities in T. angustifolia leaves kept increasing in a dose-dependent manner of Cd concentrations in the growth media and selenite addition further enhanced both parameters. Addition of selenite could quench Cd-mediated generation of MDA, O2•- and MG in T. angustifolia leaves and reduce Cd-induced Gly II activity. A U-shaped GSH/GSSG ratio in T. angustifolia leaves suggests a possible trade-off between PC synthesis and GR activity since both share the same substrate GSH. Therefore, confined BAC, BCF and TF were a mechanism that confers T. angustifolia tolerance to Cd stress, and that exogenous selenite supplementation could depress Cd-induced stress in T. angustifolia by rescuing the photosynthetic fluorescence, enhancing non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants that scavenge O2•- and MG, and potentiating PC synthesis that chelates Cd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Zhenjie Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Yuanxiu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Yongjie Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| | - Shiyong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biology Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|