Removal of triclosan from water by sepiolite supported bimetallic Fe/Ni nanoparticles

Recent advances in bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron composite for water decontamination: Synthesis, modification and mechanisms

The environmental pollution of water is one of the problems that have plagued human society. The bimetallic nanoscale zero-valent iron (BnZVI) technology has increased wide attention owing to its high performance for water treatment and soil remediation. In recent years, the BnZVI technology based on the development of nZVI has been further developed. The material chemistry, synthesis methods, and immobilization or surface stabilization of bimetals are discussed. Further, the data of BnZVI (Fe/Ni, Fe/Cu, Fe/Pd) articles that have been studied more frequently in the last decade are summarized in terms of the types of contaminants and the number of research literatures on the same contaminants. Five contaminants including trichloroethylene (TCE), Decabromodi-phenyl Ether (BDE209), chromium (Cr(VI)), nitrate and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were selected for in-depth discussion on their influencing factors and removal or degradation mechanisms. Herein, comprehensive views towards mechanisms of BnZVI applications including adsorption, hydrodehalogenation and reduction are provided. Particularly, some ambiguous concepts about formation of micro progenitor cell, production of hydrogen radicals (H·) and H2 and the electron transfer are highlighted. Besides, in-depth discussion of selectivity for N2 from nitrates and co-precipitation of chromium are emphasized. The difference of BnZVI is also discussed.

Laccase-functionalized magnetic framework composite enabled chlorophenols degradation, a potential remediation for fungicides residues in leather

Abstract

Chlorophenols, used as the fungicides in leather, are strictly limited in leather products. In this work, a metal–organic framework material, zeolitic metal azolate framework-7 (MAF-7), was first used to encapsulate laccase (Lac) to prepare MAF-7/Lac bio-composites with 98.5% immobilization yield. Afterward, Lac/MNP@MOM was formed by introducing the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into the Lac@MOM. MAF-7 with better hydrophilicity and stronger pH buffering ability, exhibits good compatibility with laccase, which can reserve the activity of laccase after immobilization. Moreover, the porous structure of MAF-7 is favorable for the sufficient contact between laccase and substrates. Lac/MNP@MOM exhibited excellent activity when exposed to high temperature, extreme pH, and organic solvents, which also simplified complex recovery steps. Furthermore, the degradation rate of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) could reach as high as 97% within 24 h by immobilized laccase, and after nine consecutive cycles of operation, enzyme activity could remain over 80%, which gives it the potential for practical applications.

Graphical abstract

Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Apoptotic, and Cell Cycle Arrest Potential of Iron-Nickel Alloy Nanoparticles

The use of iron-nickel alloy nanoparticles (Fe-Ni ANPs) is increasing daily in various fields. People are increasingly exposed to these nanoparticles for occupational and environmental reasons. Our study determined some of the effects of Fe-Ni ANP exposure and impacts on human health at the cellular level. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of Fe-Ni ANPs were investigated by XTT, clonogenic, comet, and GammaH2AX analyses using Beas-2B cells. Annexin V, multicaspase, and cell cycle arrest methods were used to understand the apoptotic mechanism of action. The intracellular ROS method was used to determine the primary mechanism that leads to cytotoxic and genotoxic activity. The Fe-Ni ANPs showed cytotoxic activity with the XTT and clonogenic methods: they had genotoxic potential, as demonstrated via genotoxicity methods. It was determined that the cytotoxic effect was realized by the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, and the cells were stopped at the G0/G1 stage by Fe-Ni ANPs. Increased intracellular ROS due to Fe-Ni ANPs led to cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activity. Potential risks to human health due to Fe-Ni ANPs were then demonstrated at the cellular level.