Impact of greywater on germination and physiological responses of Triticum aestivum L. HD 2967 in soil amended with poultry biochar

Impact of short-term irrigation of diverse distillery wastewater types on plant attributes and antioxidative enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna)

The study was focused on evaluating the short-term irrigation effect of three different types of distillery wastewater, i.e., untreated, primary treated, and secondary treated, on the germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzymes of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna). The findings indicated that exposure to 50% secondary treated distillery wastewater (ST50) resulted in the maximum values for positive germination parameters of pea, including germination percentage, germination value, germination index, peak value, vigor index, speed of germination, and tolerance index. The minimum values were observed at 100% concentration of untreated wastewater (UT100). In contrast, the maximum values for various negative germination parameters, i.e., percent inhibition, seedling mortality, and germination period, were observed at UT100 and minimum at ST50. All the growth parameters studied, i.e., length of shoot, length of root and length of seedlings, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of shoot, and dry weight of root, showed maximum values at ST50 and minimum at UT100. Photosynthetic pigment analysis also followed a similar trend. The antioxidative enzyme characterization of Pisum sativum L. var. Rachna revealed the minimum values of catalase, ascorbic peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase at ST25 (25% concentration of secondary treated distillery wastewater) and maximum values were observed at UT100.

Impact of pharmaceutical industry wastewater on stress physiological responses of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden

Impact of pharmaceutical wastewater collected from aeration tank on aquatic macrophyte Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden was studied in the present study. Various plant parameters such as chlorophyll, protein, and proline content of wastewater-exposed plants were examined to determine the toxic impacts of pharmaceutical wastewater. In addition to these parameters, electrolyte leakage (EL) and catalase (CAT) activities in S. polyrhiza were assessed for each day of exposure to the wastewater. S. polyrhiza was exposed to four different wastewater concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) under laboratory conditions for 7 days. The plants experienced severe toxicity as revealed by the reduction in photosynthetic pigments, increase in electrolyte leakage, and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme (CAT) activity in S. polyrhiza with an increase in concentration and time of exposure to pharmaceutical effluent.

Short-term impact of poultry biochar amendments to stimulate antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. HD-2967) in response to greywater

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that poultry manure and biochar-amended soil alter the antioxidant enzyme activity of T. aestivum L. HD-2967. For this, a box experiment was conducted using poultry-amended soil (5 g and 10 g) irrigated with greywater (50% and 100%) which was analysed on 7 and 14 days of seed sowing. Antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase ) was elucidated to be varied in response to soil biochar and manure amendments both for shoots and roots so as to counteract the reactive oxygen species generated by plants under stress. Also, it was observed to be decreased on a temporal basis. Moreover, soil-biochar amendments efficiently defend the irrigation stress, increase soil nutrition, and reduce waste quantity through sustainable reuse.