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Lee T, Barone T, Rubinstein E, Mischler S. Asbestos fiber length and width comparison between manual and semi-automated measurements. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2022; 19:370-380. [PMID: 35394902 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2063878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to find a fast and accurate procedure to measure the length and width of asbestos fibers using images acquired by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a phase-contrast microscope (PCM), and a polarized light microscope (PLM). The accuracy of the procedure was evaluated by comparing fiber length and width measurements to manual measurements. Four different types of images were used in the evaluation: (1) backscattered electron SEM images of fibrous tremolite, (2) secondary electron SEM images of fibrous grunerite, (3) PCM images of fibrous grunerite, and (4) PLM images of fibrous grunerite. Fiber length and width were measured with ImageJ (manual measurement) and Image-Pro software and were compared on an individual fiber basis and over the number-length and number-width distribution of each sample. The results of the comparison showed that the individual length and width measurements with ImageJ and Image-Pro software had a nearly 1:1 relationship except for the width measurement in PLM images (8% of the variance in ImageJ width measurements was not explained by Image-Pro width measurements). Similarly, the number-length distributions were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between ImageJ and Image-Pro, but the number-width distributions were significantly different (p < 0.05) for PLM and secondary electron SEM images. Although the image analysis procedure for measuring fiber length and width with Image-Pro is not a fully automated procedure and still requires some manual intervention, it can be a more efficient and equally accurate alternative to time-consuming manual fiber length and width measurements for well dispersed fibers with high aspect ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekhee Lee
- Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teresa Barone
- Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Rubinstein
- Human Systems Integration Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Mischler
- Health Hazards Prevention Branch, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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An Overview of Oil-Mineral-Aggregate Formation, Settling, and Transport Processes in Marine Oil Spill Models. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An oil spill is considered one of the most serious polluting disasters for a marine environment. When oil is spilled into a marine environment, it is dispersed into the water column as oil droplets which often interact with suspended particles to form oil-mineral-aggregate (OMA). Knowing how OMA form, settle, and are transported is critical to oil spill modelling which can determine the fate and mass balance of the spilled volumes. This review introduces oil weathering and movement, and the commonly used numerical models that oil spill specialists use to determine how a spill will evolve. We conduct in-depth reviews of the environmental factors that influence how OMA form and their settling velocity, and we review how OMA formation and transport are modelled. We point out the existing gaps in current knowledge and the challenges of studying OMA. Such challenges include having to systematically conduct laboratory experiments to investigate how the environment affects OMA formation and settling velocities, and the need for a comprehensive algorithm that can estimate an OMA settling velocity.
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Ji W, Boufadel M, Zhao L, Robinson B, King T, An C, Zhang BH, Lee K. Formation of oil-particle aggregates: Impacts of mixing energy and duration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148781. [PMID: 34252767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spilled oil slicks are likely to break into droplets offshore due to wave energy. The fate and transport of such droplets are affected by suspended particles in local marine environment, through forming oil particle aggregates (OPAs). OPA formation is affected by various factors, including the mixing energy and duration. To evaluate these two factors, lab experiments of OPA formation were conducted using kaolinite at two hydrophobicities in baffled flasks, as represented by the contact angle of 28.8° and 37.7° (original and modified kaolinite). Two mixing energies (energy dissipation rates of 0.05 and 0.5 W/kg) and four durations (10 min, 30 min, 3 h, and 24 h) were considered. Penetration to the oil droplets was observed at 3-5 μm and 5-7 μm for the original and modified kaolinite by confocal microscopy, respectively. At lower mixing energy, volume median diameter d50 of oil droplets increased from 45 μm to 60 μm after 24 h mixing by original kaolinite; for modified kaolinite, d50 decreased from 40 μm to 25 μm after 24 h mixing. The trapped oil amount in negatively buoyant OPAs decreased from 35% (3 h mixing) to 17% (24 h mixing) by original kaolinite; and from 18% to 12% after 24 h mixing by modified kaolinite. Results indicated that the negatively buoyant OPAs formed with original kaolinite at low mixing energy reaggregated after 24 h. At higher mixing energy, d50 decreased from 45 μm to 17 μm after 24 h mixing for both kaolinites. And the trapped oil amount in negatively buoyant OPAs increased to 72% and 49% after 24 h mixing for original and modified kaolinite, respectively. At higher mixing energy, the OPAs formed within 10 min and reached equilibrium at 3 h by original kaolinite. For modified kaolinite, the OPAs continued to form through 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ji
- Center for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michel Boufadel
- Center for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Lin Zhao
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, 22777 Springwoods Village Pkwy, Houston, TX 77389, USA
| | - Brian Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Thomas King
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Baiyu Helen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
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Qi Z, Sun R, Yu Y, Xiong D, Li W, Yu X, Fu S. Performance of dispersed oil and suspended sediment during the oil-sediment aggregation process. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112455. [PMID: 34020408 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oil-sediment aggregation is an important transport and transformation process of spilled oil, which has been considered as a pathway of spill remediation. This work focused on the individual performance of dispersed oil and sediment during the aggregation process. Dispersion of three oils was first tested and validated in a water tank. An approach of estimating the mass variation of the sediment that has participated in forming the oil-sediment aggregates (OSAs) has been developed by density analysis. Results indicated that the density of the formed OSAs increases during the aggregation. In the context of remediation, it takes longer for sediment to reach equilibrium than for dispersed oil, especially under high mixing energy at a large sediment concentration, which results in the formation of dense OSAs, as well as high aggregation degree and rate. Roncador oil possesses a relatively high capability of capturing sediment to form dense OSAs, especially at an initial sediment concentration of over 150 mg/L. Oil sinking efficiency and the characteristic change rate of aggregated oil mass seem to be proportional to oil dispersion efficiency, and decrease with the mean size of dispersed oil droplets. The process of aggregation can further promote the dispersion of oil into water column. This study also provides fundamental data for the formation kinetics of OSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Qi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Ruiyang Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Sinan Fu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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5
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Qi Z, Yu Y, Yu X, Li W, Fu S, Xiong D. Effect of the concentration and size of suspended particulate matter on oil-particle aggregation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110957. [PMID: 32275521 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After spill, the dispersed oil droplets may collide with suspended particulate matter in the water column to form oil-particle aggregates (OPAs) in turbulent environments. It may be an effective pathway to stabilize the oil by taking advantage of the particulate matter to clean up the contaminated waters. A theoretical model in Payne et al. (2003) is adopted to describe the oil-particle aggregation, and a solution method is proposed and validated against a group of experiments. The effect of the particle size and mass concentration on the aggregation has been examined quantitatively in detail. The particles and the oil droplets are consumed at a fixed ratio. Under the same mass concentration, smaller particles can trap more oil droplets, while larger particles tend to interact more quickly with the oil. The oil-particle aggregation rate and the oil trapping efficiency mainly depend on the particle concentration. The theoretical model is applied to predict the decrease of the dispersed oil in nearshore environments, based on the parameters obtained from the experiments. It is efficient to promote the oil-particle aggregation by increasing the particle concentration in the closed bay. In the open sea, the decrease of the dispersed oil can be effectively enhanced by increasing the particle concentration when it is below 0.50 kg/m3. The information presented in this paper can serve to predict the fate of the dispersed oil in coastal waters and provide technical support for oil spill management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Qi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Sinan Fu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
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Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sunken Oils in the Presence of Chemical Dispersant and Sediment. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse7090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of sunken oils is mainly dominated by the interaction between spilled oils and sediments. Due to their patchiness and invisibility, cleaning operations become difficult. As a result, sunken oils may cause long-term and significant damage to marine benthonic organisms. In the present study, a bench experiment was designed and conducted to investigate the quantitative distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sunken oils in the presence of chemical dispersant and sediment. The oil sinking efficiency (OSE) of 16 priority total PAHs in the sediment phase was analyzed with different dosages of dispersant. The results showed that the synergistic effect of chemical dispersant and sediment promoted the formation of sunken oils, and the content of PAHs partitioned in the sunken oils increased with the increase of dispersant-to-oil ratios (DORs). Furthermore, with the addition of chemical dispersant, due to the solubility and hydrophobicity of individual PAHs, the high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs with 4–6 rings tended to partition to sediment compared with low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs with 2–3 rings. The synergistic effect of chemical dispersant and sediment could enhance the OSE of HMW PAHs in sunken oils, which might subsequently cause certain risks for marine benthonic organisms.
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Yan D, Meng L, Li H, Song T, Sun P, Bao M, Li X. Petroleum hydrocarbon release behavior study in oil-sediment aggregates: turbulence intensity and chemical dispersion effect. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7922-7931. [PMID: 35521202 PMCID: PMC9061267 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of turbulence and oil dispersants on release of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-sediment aggregates. A kinetic study showed that the static oil release process could be fitted to the first-order kinetics model. The oil concentration increased with increasing temperature and salinity, while remaining independent of pH. The dispersant desorption ability of petroleum hydrocarbons followed the sequence of: Tween 80 > Tween 85 > Span 80 > DOSS. In the presence of turbulence, the maximum release ratio was 40.28%. However, the combination of dispersants and turbulence had a smaller effect than turbulence alone. Furthermore, residual n-alkanes and PAHs in the sediments were analyzed. The results showed higher proportions of C15–C35 and 2–3 ring PAHs in residual oil. These results can help assess the fate and distribution of oil spills in marine environments. This study investigated the effects of turbulence and oil dispersants on release of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-sediment aggregates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Long Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Tianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center
- State Oceanic Administration
- Qingdao 266033
- China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ximing Li
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute
- Shengli Oilfield Company
- Sinopec
- Dongying
- China
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8
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Zubillaga A, Soto LA, Salcedo DL, Botello AV. Presence of Oil Mineral Aggregates (OMAs) in Surface Sediments from Mexico's Exclusive Economic Zone, NW Gulf of Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:173-177. [PMID: 29995168 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the presence and distribution of oil mineral aggregates (OMAs) in surficial sediments of Mexican waters in the NW Gulf of Mexico, their potential sources and their correlation with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In summer of 2010, OMAs were detected in three shallow sites. In winter of 2011, OMAs were observed in ten sites, two of them in the northernmost area at > 1500 m depth. These particles were possibly advected from the north Gulf and Mississippi area following the deep-water currents of the zone. The OMAs from shallower sites may reflect local pollution sources. PAHs displayed low concentrations in both surveys (from 0.01 to 0.7 µg g-1 in summer, and from 0.01 to 0.51 µg g-1 in winter), and showed rather a local origin. The expansion of the oil and port industry in the region is accountable for most of the OMAs detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Zubillaga
- Facultad de Ciencias, Lic. Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana L Salcedo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso V Botello
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Yang Z, Hua Y, Mirnaghi F, Hollebone BP, Jackman P, Brown CE, Yang C, Shah K, Landriault M, Chan B. Effect of evaporative weathering and oil-sediment interaction on the fate and behavior of diluted bitumen in marine environments. Part 2. The water accommodated and particle-laden hydrocarbon species and toxicity of the aqueous phase. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:145-155. [PMID: 29032259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the water accommodated and particle-laden hydrocarbon species, and the toxicity of the aqueous phase after oil-sediment interactions by varying the weathering states of diluted bitumen (Cold Lake blend (CLB)), oil type from light to heavy, and sediment type. Compared to the original oils, the sediment-laden total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) contained fewer hydrocarbons in the carbon range <C10, comparable contents in C10-C16 range, higher contents in both the C16-C34 and >C34 range. Sediment-laden oil amounts generally decreased with an increased viscosity and asphaltene content of the test oils, as well as with increased sediment particle size. The presence of sediments significantly decreased the oil accommodated in water due to the formation of oil particulate aggregates (OPA) after mixing and settling. Less water accommodated TPH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were observed for weathered CLB products. However, oil and sediment types did not clearly affect the water accommodated TPH and PAHs. Light molecular PAHs and their alkylated congeners accounted for most of the water accommodated PAH congeners. A microtoxicity test demonstrated that with or without sediment, and regardless of sediment type, the toxicity of the water phase did not change significantly. Light oil of Alberta sweet mixed blend (ASMB) had the highest toxicity, followed by fresh CLB, and then all other oils, suggesting that ASMB and fresh CLB had relatively higher levels of light toxic components dissolved in the water phase compared with the other tested oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Yujuan Hua
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Mirnaghi
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce P Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Paula Jackman
- Atlantic Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Carl E Brown
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chun Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keval Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Landriault
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Chan
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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10
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Gustitus SA, John GF, Clement TP. Effects of weathering on the dispersion of crude oil through oil-mineral aggregation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:36-46. [PMID: 28189305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil that is inadvertently spilled in the marine environment can interact with suspended sediment to form oil-mineral aggregates (OMA). Researchers have identified OMA formation as a natural method of oil dispersion, and have sought ways to enhance this process for oil spill remediation. Currently there is a lack of understanding of how the weathering of oil will affect the formation of OMA due to a lack of published data on this relationship. Based on literature, we identified two conflicting hypotheses: OMA formation 1) increases with weathering as a result of increased asphaltene and polar compound content; or 2) decreases with weathering as a result of increased viscosity. While it is indeed true that the viscosity and the relative amount of polar compounds will increase with weathering, their net effects on OMA formation is unclear. Controlled laboratory experiments were carried out to systematically test these two conflicting hypotheses. Experimental results using light, intermediate, and heavy crude oils, each at five weathering stages, show a decrease in OMA formation as oil weathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Gustitus
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Gerald F John
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - T Prabhakar Clement
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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11
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Rios MC, Moreira ÍTA, Oliveira OMC, Pereira TS, de Almeida M, Trindade MCLF, Menezes L, Caldas AS. Capability of Paraguaçu estuary (Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil) to form oil-SPM aggregates (OSA) and their ecotoxicological effects on pelagic and benthic organisms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:364-371. [PMID: 27697322 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For experiments concerning the formation of oil-suspended particulate matter (SPM) aggregates (OSA), oil and sediment samples were collected from Campos Basin and six stations of Paraguaçu estuary, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, respectively. The sediments samples were analyzed for organic matter determined by the EMBRAPA method, nitrogen determined by the Kjeldahl method, and phosphorus determined by the method described by Aspila. The oil trapped in OSA was extracted following the method described by Moreira. The experiment showed a relationship between the amount of organic matter and OSA formation and consequently the dispersion of the studied oil. On the basis of the buoyancy of OSA and the ecotoxicological effects on pelagic and benthic community, the priority areas for application of remediation techniques are Cachoeira, Maragogipe, and Salinas da Margarida because of the large amount of oil that accumulated at the bottom of the experiment flask (5.85%, 27.95%, and 38,98%; 4.2%, 17.66%, and 32.64%; and 11.82%, 8.07%, and 10.91% respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Rios
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ícaro T A Moreira
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Olívia M C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Geofísica Aplicada, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Taís S Pereira
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Almeida
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara L F Trindade
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Menezes
- Escola de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Tecnologia da Informação, Mestrado em Energia, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alex S Caldas
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Escola de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Tecnologia da Informação, Mestrado em Energia, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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12
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Miranda LS, Moreira ÍTA, Oliveira OMC, Santos CP, Pinheiro SMM, Oliveira LML, Martins ABO, Filho MSC. Oil-suspended particulate material aggregates as a tool in preventing potential ecotoxicological impacts in the São Paulo river, Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil: Influence of salinity and suspended particulate material. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:91-97. [PMID: 27568325 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the occurrence of a natural process of interaction between oil droplets and suspended particulate material, resulting in the formation of aggregates which are dispersed in the water column, known as oil-suspended particulate material aggregates (OSAs). The experiments aimed to investigate the contribution of OSAS in indicating where most likely is the oil sedimentation in the São Paulo river, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, in order to predict possible ecotoxicological risks caused by oil spills. The results showed that salinity and MPS concentration interfere on the formation of aggregates. In addition, the point 3 was nominated as the most vulnerable area to the potential ecotoxicological impacts of oil spills and should be treated as a priority area for the application of preventive and mitigating techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Miranda
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ícaro T A Moreira
- EAETI, Universidade Salvador - UNIFACS, Avenida Cardeal da Silva, s/n, Prédio de Aulas 02, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Olívia M C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlito P Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Samires M M Pinheiro
- EAETI, Universidade Salvador - UNIFACS, Avenida Cardeal da Silva, s/n, Prédio de Aulas 02, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lua M L Oliveira
- EAETI, Universidade Salvador - UNIFACS, Avenida Cardeal da Silva, s/n, Prédio de Aulas 02, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriele B O Martins
- EAETI, Universidade Salvador - UNIFACS, Avenida Cardeal da Silva, s/n, Prédio de Aulas 02, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Milton S C Filho
- EAETI, Universidade Salvador - UNIFACS, Avenida Cardeal da Silva, s/n, Prédio de Aulas 02, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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13
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Gong Y, Zhao X, Cai Z, O'Reilly SE, Hao X, Zhao D. A review of oil, dispersed oil and sediment interactions in the aquatic environment: influence on the fate, transport and remediation of oil spills. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 79:16-33. [PMID: 24388567 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill has spurred significant amounts of researches on fate, transport, and environmental impacts of oil and oil dispersants. This review critically summarizes what is understood to date about the interactions between oil, oil dispersants and sediments, their roles in developing oil spill countermeasures, and how these interactions may change in deepwater environments. Effects of controlling parameters, such as sediment particle size and concentration, organic matter content, oil properties, and salinity on oil-sediment interactions are described in detail. Special attention is placed to the application and effects of oil dispersants on the rate and extent of the interactions between oil and sediment or suspended particulate materials. Various analytical methods are discussed for characterization of oil-sediment interactions. Current knowledge gaps are identified and further research needs are proposed to facilitate sounder assessment of fate and impacts of oil spills in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gong
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S E O'Reilly
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, GOM Region, Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Beijing Climate Change Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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14
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Wang W, Zheng Y, Lee K. Chemical dispersion of oil with mineral fines in a low temperature environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 72:205-212. [PMID: 23664636 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing risks of potential oil spills in the arctic regions, which are characterized by low temperatures, are a big challenge. The traditional dispersant method has shown limited effectiveness in oil cleanup. This work studied the role of mineral fines in the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) at low temperature (0-4 °C) environment. The loading amount of minerals and dispersant with different dispersant and oil types were investigated under a full factorial design. The shapes and sizes of OMAs were analyzed. Results showed that the behavior of OMA formation differs when dispersant and mineral fines are used individually or together. Both the experimental and microscopic results also showed the existence of optimal dispersant to oil ratios and mineral to oil ratios. In general, poor oil removal performance was observed for more viscous oil. Corexit 9500 performed better than Corexit 9527 with various oils, in terms of oil dispersion and OMA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada E3B 5A3
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15
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Danchuk S, Willson CS. Influence of seasonal variability of lower Mississippi River discharge, temperature, suspended sediments, and salinity on oil-mineral aggregate formation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2011; 83:579-587. [PMID: 21790075 DOI: 10.2175/106143010x12780288628453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Under certain conditions, oil droplets that have separated from the main oil slick may become coated by suspended sediments forming oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs). The formation of these aggregates depends on suspended particulate characteristics, temperature, salinity, mixing energy, droplet size and number, and oil properties. The OMAs do not re-coalesce with the slick and tend not to adhere to surfaces, potentially evading surface cleanup measures, enhancing opportunity for biodegradation and reducing shoreline oiling. Potential OMA formation was quantified during four distinct states of the Lower Mississippi River during a typical year using empirical relationships from laboratory and field studies for three common oils and different combinations of discharge, temperature, suspended sediments, and salinity. The largest potential OMA formation for the two lighter oils, up to 36% of the total release volume, was in the winter and spring, when high sediment availability promotes formation. For the denser, high-viscosity oil, the peak potential OMA formation, 9% of the release volume, occurred in the summer, when the salinity was higher. These results provide some evidence that, depending on environmental and spill characteristics, the formation of OMAs could be an important, but unaccounted for, process in the fate and transport of oils released in the Lower Mississippi River and should be included in oil spill dispersion models and post-spill site assessment and remediation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Danchuk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3418 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA.
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16
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Li Z, Lee K, Kepkey PE, Mikkelsen O, Pottsmith C. Monitoring Dispersed Oil Droplet Size Distribution at the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon Spill Site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Zhang H, Khatibi M, Zheng Y, Lee K, Li Z, Mullin JV. Investigation of OMA formation and the effect of minerals. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1433-1441. [PMID: 20646720 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA) have been shown to be effective in oil spills cleanup. Experimental work was carried out to study the effects of physical-chemical properties of natural minerals and chemically modified minerals on OMA formation and oil removal. The results showed that the hydrophobicity, particle sizes and specific surface of minerals played an important role in OMA formation. Appropriate hydrophobicity of minerals can enhance the formation of OMA. The surface property of minerals can also influence the shape of OMA. Spherical mineral-oil aggregates were frequently formed with hydrophilic minerals while irregular shaped OMA were observed with hydrophobic minerals. The sizes of OMA also increased when the minerals changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of dispersant and mixing energy were also carefully studied. The results showed that dispersant were a dominant factor. When dispersant was applied, effects of other factors became minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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