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Galván-Arzola U, Valencia-Vázquez R, Gómez-González R, Alcalá-Rodríguez MM, Loredo-Medrano JÁ, García-Balandrán EE, Rivas-García P. Low-performance diagnosis of covered anaerobic lagoons as a waste management strategy in the intensive dairy industry. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38940278 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2368688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Covered anaerobic lagoons (CALs) are Latin America's main livestock waste treatment systems. Mexico has 680 CALs that present low biogas yields (0.05 m3 m-3 digester d-1) and low COD removal rates (< 60%). This work focused on diagnosing CAL´s low performance in dairy farms by determining and analyzing operational parameters. Seven CALs located in the main dairy basin of Mexico were analyzed. The sampling areas for each CAL were the supernatant, the active zone, settled sludge, and digester inlet and outlet. The variation of the process parameter values corroborated that CALs appeared stratified and not working as expected. The sludge zone, comprising 50-58% of total solids content and 1-15% of total CALs volume, showed an elemental compounds content suitable for organic fertilizer (340, 48, and 5 kg t-1 of C, N, and S, respectively). However, this zone contained, at least, 85% of the slowly hydrolysable material; the methanogenic potential was less than 87 mL CH4 g VS-1, and the C/N ratio ranged from 4.9 to 17, outside of the optimal range. The biogas produced did not exceed 60% of methane content and more than 3000 ppm of H2S. The sludge zone significantly influences the lagoon's dynamics since it is a nutrient sink. Furthermore, the lack of agitation is the leading cause for the low energy yield and the low removal of organic matter rate. This work provides valuable information to address the operational problems within the CALs improving our understanding that shall allow proposing reactivation alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Galván-Arzola
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Roberto Valencia-Vázquez
- Maestría en Sistemas Ambientales, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Durango, Durango, México
| | - Ricardo Gómez-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Mónica María Alcalá-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - José Ángel Loredo-Medrano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Ever Efraín García-Balandrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Pasiano Rivas-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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Zhang G, Bai J, Zhai Y, Jia J, Zhao Q, Wang W, Hu X. Microbial diversity and functions in saline soils: A review from a biogeochemical perspective. J Adv Res 2024; 59:129-140. [PMID: 37392974 PMCID: PMC11081963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization threatens food security and ecosystem health, and is one of the important drivers to the degradation of many ecosystems around the world. Soil microorganisms have extremely high diversity and participate in a variety of key ecological processes. They are important guarantees for soil health and sustainable ecosystem development. However, our understanding of the diversity and function of soil microorganisms under the change of increased soil salinization is fragmented. AIM OF REVIEW Here, we summarize the changes in soil microbial diversity and function under the influence of soil salinization in diverse natural ecosystems. We particularly focus on the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi under salt stress and the changes in their emerging functions (such as their mediated biogeochemical processes). This study also discusses how to use the soil microbiome in saline soils to deal with soil salinization for supporting sustainable ecosystems, and puts forward the knowledge gaps and the research directions that need to be strengthened in the future. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Due to the rapid development of molecular-based biotechnology (especially high-throughput sequencing technology), the diversity and community composition and functional genes of soil microorganisms have been extensively characterized in different habitats. Clarifying the responding pattern of microbial-mediated nutrient cycling under salt stress and developing and utilizing microorganisms to weaken the adverse effects of salt stress on plants and soil, which are of guiding significance for agricultural production and ecosystem management in saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Yujia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow River Basin, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 45003, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan 250103, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xingyun Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
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Buenaño-Vargas C, Gagliano MC, Paulo LM, Bartle A, Graham A, van Veelen HPJ, O'Flaherty V. Acclimation of microbial communities to low and moderate salinities in anaerobic digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167470. [PMID: 37778560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years anaerobic digestion (AD) has been investigated as suitable biotechnology to treat wastewater at elevated salinities. However, when starting up AD reactors with inocula that are not adapted to salinity, low concentrations of sodium (Na+) in the influent can already cause disintegration of microbial aggregates and wash-out. This study investigated biomass acclimation to 5 g Na+/L of two different non-adapted inocula in two lab-scale hybrid expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)-anaerobic filter (AF) reactors fed with synthetic wastewater. After an initial biomass disintegration, new aggregates were formed relatively fast (i.e., after 95 days of operation), indicating microbial community adaptation. The newly formed microbial aggregates accumulated Na+ at the expense of calcium (Ca2+), but this did not hamper biomass retention or process performance. The hybrid reactor configuration, including a pumice stone filter in the upper section, and the low up-flow velocities applied, were key features for retaining the biomass within the system. This reactor configuration can be easily applied and represents a low-cost alternative for acclimating biomass to saline effluents, even in existing digesters. When the acclimated biomass was transferred from EGSB to an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor configuration also fed with saline synthetic wastewater, more dense aggregates in the form of granules were obtained. The performances of the UASB inoculated with the acclimated biomass were comparable to another reactor seeded with saline-adapted granular sludge from a full-scale plant. Regardless of the inoculum origin, a defined core microbiome of Bacteria (Thermovirga, Bacteroidetes vadinHA17, Blvii28 wastewater-sludge group, Mesotoga, and Synergistaceae) and Archaea (Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium) was detected, highlighting the importance of these microbial groups in developing halotolerance and maintaining AD process stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claribel Buenaño-Vargas
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - M Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Lara M Paulo
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - Andrew Bartle
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - Alison Graham
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - H Pieter J van Veelen
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland.
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4
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Song Q, Chen X, Hua Y, Chen S, Ren L, Dai X. Biological treatment processes for saline organic wastewater and related inhibition mechanisms and facilitation techniques: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117404. [PMID: 37838207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its profound pollution-inducing properties and resistance to biodegradation, saline organic wastewater (SOW) has unavoidably emerged as a predominant focal point within the wastewater treatment domain. Substantial quantities of SOW are discharged by diverse industries encompassing food processing, pharmaceuticals, leather manufacturing, petrochemicals, and textiles. Within this review, the inhibitory repercussions of elevated salinity upon biological water treatment systems are subject to methodical scrutiny spanning from sludge characteristics, microbial consortia to the physiological functionality of microorganisms have been investigated. This exposition elucidates the application of both anaerobic and aerobic biological technologies for SOW treatment, which noting that conventional bioreactors can effectually treat SOW through microbial adaptation, and elaborating that cultivation of salt-tolerant bacteria and the design of advanced bioreactors represents a promising avenue for SOW treatment. Furthermore, the mechanisms underpinning microbial acclimatization to hypersaline milieus and the methodologies aimed at amplifying the efficacy of biological SOW treatment are delved into, which point out that microorganism exhibit salt tolerance via extracellular polymeric substance accumulation or by facilitating the influx of osmolarity-regulating agents into the bacterial matrix. Finally, the projections for future inquiry are proffered, encompassing the proliferation and deployment of high salt-tolerant strains, as well as the development of techniques enhancing the salt tolerance of microflora engaged in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yu Hua
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Luotong Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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5
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Nigam M, Mishra P, Kumar P, Rajoriya S, Pathak P, Singh SR, Kumar S, Singh L. Comprehensive technological assessment for different treatment methods of leather tannery wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124686-124703. [PMID: 35680745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The leather-making process necessitates large amounts of water and consequently generates tons of liquid waste as leather tannery wastewater (TWW) is disposed of directly in the open environment. Open disposal of untreated TWW into the natural environment causes an accumulation of various polluting compounds, including heavy metals, dyes, suspended solids inorganic matter, biocides, oils, tannins, and other toxic chemicals. It thus poses potential hazards to the environment and human health. This study primarily focuses on providing in-depth insight into the characteristics, treatment strategies, and regulatory frameworks for managing TWW in leather processing industries. Different technologies of conventional physico-chemical (equalization, coagulation, and adsorption), advanced approaches (Fenton oxidation, ozonation, cavitation), thermo-catalytic and biological treatments available to treat TWW, and their integrative approaches were also highlighted. This review also sheds light on the most frequently applied technologies to reduce contaminant load from TWW though there are several limitations associated with it such as being ineffective for large quantities of TWW, waste generation during treatment, and high operational and maintenance (O&M) costs. It is concluded that the sustainable alternatives applied in the current TWW technologies can minimize O&M costs and recirculate the treated water in the environment. The exhaustive observations and recommendations presented in this article are helpful in the industry to manage TWW and recirculate the water in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Nigam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Agra, 283105, India
| | - Puranjan Mishra
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Shraddha Rani Singh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Agra, 283105, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana, 121006, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175001, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Iovino P, Fenti A, Galoppo S, Najafinejad MS, Chianese S, Musmarra D. Electrochemical Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from a Simulated Saline Wastewater. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031306. [PMID: 36770973 PMCID: PMC9920612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, many industrial sectors have generated and discharged large volumes of saline wastewater into the environment. In the present work, the electrochemical removal of nitrogen compounds from synthetic saline wastewater was investigated through a lab-scale experimental reactor. Experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of the operational parameters, such as electrolyte composition and concentration, applied current intensity, and initial ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, on the total nitrogen removal efficiency. Using NaCl as an electrolyte, the NTOT removal was higher than Na2SO4 and NaClO4; however, increasing the initial NaCl concentration over 250 mg·L-1 resulted in no benefits for the NTOT removal efficiency. A rise in the current intensity from 0.05 A to 0.15 A resulted in an improvement in NTOT removal. Nevertheless, a further increase to 0.25 A led to basically no enhancement of the efficiency. A lower initial ammoniacal nitrogen concentration resulted in higher removal efficiency. The highest NTOT removal (about 75%) was achieved after 90 min of treatment operating with a NaCl concentration of 250 mg·L-1 at an applied current intensity of 0.15 A and with an initial ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of 13 mg·L-1. The nitrogen degradation mechanism proposed assumes a series-parallel reaction system, with a first step in which NH4+ is in equilibrium with NH3. Moreover, the nitrogen molar balance showed that the main product of nitrogen oxidation was N2, but NO3- was also detected. Collectively, electrochemical treatment is a promising approach for the removal of nitrogen compounds from impacted saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Angelo Fenti
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (A.F.)
| | - Simona Galoppo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | | | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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Zhang Q, Fu Z, Chen S. Solar-driven purification of highly polluted saline wastewater into clean water by carbonized lotus seedpod. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Hypersaline Wastewater Produced from Pickled Mustard Tuber (Chinese Zhacai): Current Treatment Status and Prospects. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pickled mustard tuber, a worldwide condiment, is increasing at a fast growth rate. Its production generates a considerable amount of hypersaline wastewater containing NaCl of 7 wt.%, COD of 30,000 mg L−1, NH3-N of 400 mg L−1, and TP of 300 mg L−1. Pickled mustard tuber wastewater (PMTW) has severe effects on crops, deterioration of water quality, soil infertility and ecological systems. Due to the technic difficulties and insufficient support from the local governments; however, PMTW has not yet been widely investigated and well summarized. Therefore, this manuscript reviewed the relatively latest advances in PMTW. Physicochemical and biological hybrid processes mainly treat PMTW and the corresponding cost is 6.00 US dollars per ton. In the context of double carbon capture capacity in China and the development of the pickled mustard industry, PMTW sauce and sustainable reuse such as nutrient recovery, acid and alkaline regeneration and renewable energy may be bright prospects.
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Zhao J, Wu Q, Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo H. Tannery wastewater treatment: conventional and promising processes, an updated 20-year review. JOURNAL OF LEATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42825-022-00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMismanagement of various wastes especially waste water produced by tanning processes has caused serious environmental problems and ultimately impaired human health. Constant efforts have been making to alleviate the pollution of tannery wastewater (TWW), yet terminal treatment still takes dominance. In this review, research on TWW treatment from 2000 to 2021 was summarized, and main methods such as coagulation and flocculation, adsorption, biological treatment, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation process were briefly discussed. More detailed introduction was given to the method of electrochemical treatment since it has excellent performance such as environmental friendliness and high efficiency, hence attracting more and more research attention in recent years. In view of the harsh physi-chemical conditions of TWW, integrated or combined treatment methods are accordingly recommended with better performance and multi-function, however comprehensive studies on optimization of methods combination and cost-effectiveness are needed. The certain issues that the residue Cr in treatment sludge and high salinity in effluent still remain were put forward in this work and potential solutions were provided. Moreover, this review proposed the perspective that realizing multi-function, recycling, and intensification should be the developing direction for future TWW treatment. This review is expected to provide a general guide for researchers who aspire to ameliorate TWW pollution problems and understand various methods utilized in this field.
Graphical abstract
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production by Mixed Microbial Culture under High Salinity. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fishing industry produces vast amounts of saline organic side streams that require adequate treatment and disposal. The bioconversion of saline resources into value-added products, such as biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), has not yet been fully explored. This study investigated PHA production by mixed microbial cultures under 30 gNaCl/L, the highest NaCl concentration reported for the acclimatization of a PHA-accumulating mixed microbial culture (MMC). The operational conditions used during the culture-selection stage resulted in an enriched PHA-accumulating culture dominated by the Rhodobacteraceae family (95.2%) and capable of storing PHAs up to 84.1% wt. (volatile suspended solids (VSS) basis) for the highest organic loading rate (OLR) applied (120 Cmmol/(L.d)). This culture presented a higher preference for the consumption of valeric acid (0.23 ± 0.03 CmolHVal/(CmolX.h)), and the 3HV monomer polymerization (0.33 ± 0.04 CmmolHV/(CmmolX.h) was higher as well. As result, a P(3HB-co-3HV)) with high HV content (63% wt.) was produced in the accumulation tests conducted at higher OLRs and with 30 gNaCl/L. A global volumetric PHA productivity of 0.77 gPHA/(L.h) and a specific PHA productivity of 0.21 gPHA/(gX.h) were achieved. These results suggested the significant potential of the bioconversion of saline resources into value-added products, such as PHAs.
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Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Production from Wastewaters with High Salinity—Influence of pH, Salinity and Reactor Configuration. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hydrocarbon-based economy is moving at a large pace to a decarbonized sustainable bioeconomy based on biorefining all types of secondary carbohydrate-based raw materials. In this work, 50 g L−1 in COD of a mixture of food waste, brine and wastewater derived from a biodiesel production facility were used to produce organic acids, important building-blocks for a biobased industry. High salinity (12–18 g L−1), different reactors configuration operated in batch mode, and different initial pH were tested. In experiment I, a batch stirred reactor (BSR) at atmospheric pressure and a granular sludge bed column (GSBC) were tested with an initial pH of 5. In the end of the experiment, the acidification yield (ηa) was similar in both reactors (22–24%, w/w); nevertheless, lactic acid was in lower concentrations in BSR (6.3 g L−1 in COD), when compared to GSBC (8.0 g L−1 in COD), and valeric was the dominant acid, reaching 17.3% (w/w) in the BSR. In experiment II, the BSR and a pressurized batch stirred reactor (PBSR, operated at 6 bar) were tested with initial pH 7. The ηa and the VFA concentration were higher in the BSR (46%, 22.8 g L−1 in COD) than in the PBSR (41%, 20.3 g/L in COD), and longer chain acids were more predominant in BSR (24.4% butyric, 6.7% valeric, and 6.2% caproic acids) than in PBSR (23.2%, 6.2%, and 4.2%, respectively). The results show that initial pH of 7 allows achieving higher ηa, and the BSR presents the most suitable reactor among tested configurations to produce VFA from wastes/wastewaters with high salinity.
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Marathe D, Singh A, Raghunathan K, Thawale P, Kumari K. Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land-based treatment as an emerging environment-friendly technology: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2461-2504. [PMID: 34453764 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Different industrial activities such as agro-food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land-based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Physico-chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land-based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Marathe
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anshika Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prashant Thawale
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 44 0020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kanchan Kumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Kolkata Zonal Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 107, India
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Yin S, Li J, Dong H, Qiang Z. Unraveling the nitrogen removal properties and microbial characterization of "Candidatus Scalindua"-dominated consortia treating seawater-based wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147470. [PMID: 33975101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
"Candidatus Scalindua", as known as marine anammox bacteria (MAB), was engineered to remove nitrogen from seawater-based wastewater (SWW). In this study, "Candidatus Scalindua" was successfully enriched within 106 days with marine sediments as inoculated sludge. The operating temperature was 20 ± 2 °C, and influent pH was 7.5 ± 0.1. Ammonia (NH4+-N) removal rate (ARR) was 0.53 kg/(m3·d) with the NH4+-N loading rate of 0.68 kg/(m3·d), and nitrite (NO2--N) removal rate (NRR) was 0.57 kg/(m3·d) at 0.89 kg/(m3·d) NO2--N loading rate. Nitrogen removal was negatively affected at an influent NO2- above 224 mg/L, which decreased the ARR and NRR to 0.36 and 0.31 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The genus "Ca. Scalindua" dominated the reactor, and it synergistically coexisted with Marinicella to achieve efficient nitrogen removal. This work would help to better understand the nitrogen removal properties and microbial characterization of MAB in SWW wastewater treatment under low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Chen X, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu W. Unraveling nitrogen removal and microbial response of marine anammox bacteria-dominated consortia to Mo(VI) addition in nitrogen-laden saline wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Sivasubramanian R, Chen GH, Mackey HR. The effectiveness of divalent cation addition for highly saline activated sludge cultures: Influence of monovalent/divalent ratio and specific cations. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129864. [PMID: 33979942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saline wastewaters are prevalent in various industries and pose challenges to stable biological treatment. Increasing monovalent cation concentrations are commonly reported to deteriorate treatment and settling performance, while divalent cations can enhance flocculation and settling. However, many previous studies were performed at relatively low salinities and reports conflict on whether concentrations of monovalent cations, divalent cations, or their ratio (M/D) are most critical. This study investigates whether addition of divalent cations shows the same benefits at high salinity (∼40 g NaCl.L-1) and whether divalent ion concentration or M/D is a better predictor of enhancement. Nine sequencing batch reactors were operated at 0.8 M NaCl or KCl monovalent salt concentration, and the concentration of divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) was varied. M/D was found to be the critical factor that consistently influenced sludge characteristics. It was particularly important in describing hydrophobicity, sludge volume index (SVI) and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), with rpartial of -0.879, 0.971 and 0.966 respectively in models that had an r2adj greater than 0.93. Lower M/D also increased biomass concentrations and reduced extracellular polysaccharides, the latter which in turn correlated strongly with many shape and surface charge measures. The specific monovalent salt (Na+ or K+) influenced treatment performance, biomass concentrations, hydrophobicity, SOUR, extracellular protein and SVI. The specific divalent cation was only important in describing SVI, where Mg2+ was beneficial. Overall, this study shows that addition of divalent cations can greatly benefit high salinity activated sludge systems by improving the sludge structure, settling and organic removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendran Sivasubramanian
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Huang Z, He X, Nye C, Bagley D, Urynowicz M, Fan M. Effective anaerobic treatment of produced water from petroleum production using an anaerobic digestion inoculum from a brewery wastewater treatment facility. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124348. [PMID: 33144005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Produced water is a major waste problem in oil production yet it also represents a potential water source if treated properly, especially in arid regions. In this study, we investigate the anaerobic treatability of an oil-produced water with extremely high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) from Wyoming's Greater Green River Basin using anaerobic microcosms inoculated with a microbial consortium derived from a brewery wastewater treatment facility. The results demonstrate that for this water and an appropriate microbial inoculation, high-COD/TOC can be effectively removed with concomitant energy recovery as a form of methane. 93% and 89% of the COD and TOC were removed with a final high methane yield of 33.9 mmol/g carbon (848 μmol/g carbon/day). Chemical analyses showed that the ethylacetate-extractable compounds were much more amenable to biodegradation than the CH2Cl2 extractable compounds. Furthermore, compounds that were added during drilling and completion remained in the water and contributed significantly to the COD and anaerobic degradability. This study demonstrates that produced waters are amenable to anaerobic biological treatment and also that thorough chemical analyses are necessary to fully understand the potential for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixing Huang
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Xin He
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Charles Nye
- Center for Economic Geology Research, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - David Bagley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Michael Urynowicz
- Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Maohong Fan
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA 30332, USA.
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17
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Sivasubramanian R, Chen GH, Mackey HR. Shock effects of monovalent cationic salts on seawater cultivated granular sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123646. [PMID: 32846259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saline wastewater is commonly encountered in various industries, posing challenges to biological treatments. The application of seawater as a seed source provides a media of diverse halophilic organisms for rapid startup. However, effects of transitioning from a mixed salt source to monovalent salt solutions prevalent in industry remains unexplored. Hence, seed sludge was cultivated using seawater and later granulated under a mixed-salt synthetic medium comprising a mixture of NaCl, KCl and Na2SO4 at a combined concentration of 0.8 M (0.27 M each). The stable, acclimated granules were then tested against single salt media of 0.8 M NaCl, KCl, or Na2SO4. Shift to single salt media resulted in granule disaggregation, poor settling, sludge washout and development of fluffy or slimy flocs. Changes in exopolysaccharides composition after the single salt shift was the predominant reason for the large changes in sludge morphology. The impacts of KCl and Na2SO4 were more significant than the shift to NaCl. The resulting impacts also had a major influence on the treatment performance. A complex mechanism involving monovalent cation stimulation of proteins; ionic strength impacts on exopolysaccharides and morphology; solution density influence on sludge density and settling; and tonicity impacts on cell viability and treatment is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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18
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Park M, Kim J, Lee T, Oh YK, Nguyen VK, Cho S. Correlation of microbial community with salinity and nitrogen removal in an anammox-based denitrification system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128340. [PMID: 33297266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), a low-energy-consuming technology, can be used to remove nitrogen from industrial saline wastewater. However, high salinity inhibits anammox microbial activity. This study investigated the effect of salinity on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure. The experiment used an up-flow anammox reactor fed with synthetic wastewater with salinity increased from 0.5 to 2.5%. Results indicated that 80% nitrogen removal efficiency can be achieved at 2% salinity with a nitrogen loading rate of 2.0 kg-N/m3/d. Anammox performance significantly deteriorated at 2.5% salinity. High-throughput sequencing revealed that Planctomycetes (representative anammox bacteria) increased with salinity, replacing Proteobacteria (representative heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria) in the microbial community. qPCR analysis indicated that relative abundance of "Candidatus Kuenenia" within anammox bacteria increased from 3.96 to 83.41%, corresponding to salinity of 0.5-2.0%, and subsequently decreased to 63.27% at 2.5% salinity, correlating with nitrogen-removal performance. Thus, anammox has potential in nitrogen removal from wastewater with salinity up to 2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonghwa Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Teaho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Khanh Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam; Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunja Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Cooked Mussel Processing Wastewater at High Salinity and Acidic Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that can be intracellularly produced by microorganisms valorizing organic-rich wastes. In the present study, a PHA production system was fed with mussel cooker wastewater after acidogenic fermentation. Besides low pH (4.0 ± 0.3) and high salt (21.7 ± 2.9 g NaCl/L) concentrations, this wastewater also contained nitrogen concentrations (0.8 ± 0.1 g N/L), which were previously reported to be a challenge to the PHA accumulating bacteria enrichment. Bacteria with a PHA storage capacity were selected in an enrichment sequencing batch reactor (SBR) after 60 days of operation. The enriched mixed microbial culture (MMC) was mainly formed by microorganisms from phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Azoarcus, Comamonas and Thauera from phylum Proteobacteria. The MMC was able to accumulate up to 25 wt% of PHA that was mainly limited by the wastewater nitrogen content, which promoted biomass growth instead of PHA accumulation. Indeed, when the presence of nutrient was limited, PHA stored in the accumulation reactor increased to up to 40.9 wt%. This work demonstrated the feasibility of the enrichment of a MMC with a PHA storage ability valorizing the fish-canning industrial wastewater at low pH, which is generally difficult to treat in wastewater treatment plants.
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20
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Letelier-Gordo CO, Mancini E, Pedersen PB, Angelidaki I, Fotidis IA. Saline fish wastewater in biogas plants - Biomethanation toxicity and safe use. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 275:111233. [PMID: 32827897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing marine land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and stricter environmental regulations, pose new challenges to the aquaculture industry on how to treat and dispose saline fish wastewater. The fish wastewater could be incorporated into biogas reactors, but currently, the effects of salinity on the biomethanation process are poorly known. This study aimed to assess the toxicity of fish wastewater with different salinities on the biomethanation process and to propose optimum co-digestion scenarios for maximal methane potential and safe use in biogas plants. Results showed that, depending on salinity and organic content, it is possible to efficiently co-digest from 3.22 to 61.85% fish wastewater (v/v, wastewater/manure) and improve the maximum methane production rate from 2.72 to 61.85%, respectively compared to cow manure mono-digestion. Additionally, salinity was identified as the main inhibitor of biomethanation process with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.37 g L-1, while sulphate reduction was identified as a secondary inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Letelier-Gordo
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, North Sea Research Centre, Technical University of Denmark, DK-9850, Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Enrico Mancini
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Bovbjerg Pedersen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, North Sea Research Centre, Technical University of Denmark, DK-9850, Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis A Fotidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Bygning 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; School of Civil Engineering Southeast University Nanjing, 210096, China.
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21
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Zhou G, Wang X, Zhao H, Zhang W, Liu G, Zhang X. Isolation of two salt-tolerant strains from activated sludge and its COD degradation characteristics from saline organic wastewater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18421. [PMID: 33116186 PMCID: PMC7595179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient biological treatment of saline wastewater has been limited by the low activities of microorganisms under saline conditions. High salinity poses unbalance osmotic stress across the cell wall and even leads to cell plasmolysis. In this work, we aim to isolate salt-tolerant bacterial strains from activated sludge, and apply them for degrading chemical oxygen demand (COD) of saline organic wastewater. Two salt-tolerant strains were screened and isolated from activated sludge, which was domesticated with salty water for over 300 days. The two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (strain A) and Bacillus anthracis (strain B) through 16S rRNA sequencing. The degradation characteristics of strain A were explored. The results showed the relative membrane permeability of strain A remained stable under high salt stress, which glycine and proline play an important role to maintain cell osmotic. The protein and soluble sugar amounts of strain were increased by higher salt concentrations. In simulating saline wastewater, the optimum culture temperature, pH, salinity, influent COD concentration and inoculation amount of strain A were 35 °C, 9, 4%, 8000 mg L−1, 6%, respectively. Optimal conditions could provide guidance for the treatment of practical saline wastewater. The linear regression model of each impact factor built based on the result PB experiment revealed that cross-linking time has the most significant influence on COD removal for salt-tolerant strains. It will provide theoretical basis for biological treatment of saline organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhong Zhou
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xitong Wang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqian Zhang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Guishan Liu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.,Environmental Protection Agency, Shandong SilverHawk Chemical Fiber Co. Ltd, Weifang, 261500, People's Republic of China
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22
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Puyol D, Hülsen T, Padrino B, Batstone DJ, Martinez F, Melero JA. Exploring the inhibition boundaries of mixed cultures of purple phototrophic bacteria for wastewater treatment in anaerobic conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116057. [PMID: 32623241 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel wastewater platforms should include the analysis of the most critical functional factors including the effects of toxic or inhibitory substances. Due to the novelty of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB)-based wastewater treatment systems, this analysis has not been done yet in mixed cultures. In this work, various relevant chemical compounds, including aromatic (phenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol or 246TCP, 4-nitrophenol or 4CP, sulfathiazole) and aliphatic organics (methanol, trichlorethylene or TCE, oleic acid, ethanol, propionic acid), inorganic salts (ammonium, ClO3-, Na+), and metals (Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Al3+), as well as pH, are analyzed for their effect on mixed PPB cultures in anaerobic photoheterotrophic conditions using acetate as the model organic substrate. The most toxic substances detected were 246TCP, 4NP, Cu2+, Fe2+ and Ni2+, (Ki for activity: 23 ± 2, 97 ± 12, 3.1 ± 0.4, 13 ± 3, 13 ± 1 mg/L, and Ki (or toxicity threshold) for growth: 17 ± 2, (119), 3.5 ± 0.4, (4.8), (22.9) mg/L, respectively). Some substances inhibited the activity more than the growth (sulfathiazole, Ni2+ and Fe3+), or the growth more than the activity (TCE, 4NP and Fe2+). In addition, some organic substrates, such as phenol, ethanol and propionate, specifically inhibited the acetate uptake, being noncompetitive in the case of phenol and ethanol, and most likely competitive in the case of propionate. These findings are relevant for the wastewater treatment and resource recovery applications of the PPB technology, as well as for the upgrading of current models (Photo-Anaerobic Model). In addition, the data will open possibilities to promote the production of specific compounds (as PHA or single-cell proteins) by selectively inhibiting some parts of the PPB metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Puyol
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - T Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B Padrino
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - D J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - F Martinez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Melero
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Guo Y, Sugano T, Song Y, Xie C, Chen Y, Xue Y, Li YY. The performance of freshwater one-stage partial nitritation/anammox process with the increase of salinity up to 3.0. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123489. [PMID: 32417657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater anammox-based process would usually experience performance fluctuation and need adoption period when subjected to saline wastewater according to previous studies. In this study, the performance of nitrite-limited freshwater one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PNA) process subjected to saline wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the nitrite-limited freshwater system could smoothly adapt to the salinity of 0.25%. The stable nitrogen removal could be achieved until the salinity of 2.5%, at which the desirable average NRR of 0.74 ± 0.1 kg/m3/d was achieved. The microbial community analysis showed that during the whole experiment, the main functional microbes were from genus Nitrosomonas and genus Kuenenia, which were through to be the crucial factors for achieving the excellent performance. This study indicates the nitrite-limited strategy is admissible for stabilizing the performance of freshwater one-stage PNA process subjected to saline wastewater in actual application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takumi Sugano
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chenglei Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yi Xue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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24
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Fra-Vázquez A, Pedrouso A, Val Del Rio A, Mosquera-Corral A. Volatile fatty acid production from saline cooked mussel processing wastewater at low pH. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139337. [PMID: 32438163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The production of VFA using as substrate the wastewater produced in a cooked mussel processing factory, containing large COD (13.7 ± 3.2 g COD/L), salt concentrations (21.8 ± 2.8 g NaCl/L) and characterized by low pH (4.6 ± 0.6) was evaluated. This wastewater was fed to a 5-L completely stirred tank reactor operated in continuous mode. The conversion efficiency of its COD content into volatile fatty acids (VFA) was evaluated. The maximum acidification of 43% (total VFA on soluble COD basis) was obtained when an organic loading rate of 2.5 ± 0.4 g COD/(L·d) was applied to the reactor and corresponded to a VFA volumetric productivity of 0.72 ± 0.07 g CODVFA/(L·d). Under steady-state conditions, the obtained mixture of VFA was composed by 80:18:2 as acetic:propionic:butyric acids (percentage of VFA on soluble COD basis). Carbohydrates were degraded up to 96% while protein fermentation did not take place, probably due to the low pH value, limiting the maximum acidification of the wastewater. Batch experiments showed that the increase of the pH from 4.2 to 4.9 by the addition of NaHCO3 resulted in the improvement of the acidification and changed the VFA mixture composition. Thus, this study demonstrates the opportunity of using complex substrates, as cooked mussel processing wastewater, to produce rich-VFA streams under unfavourable operational conditions, such as high salinity and low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fra-Vázquez
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gomez de Marzoa, s/n, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alba Pedrouso
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gomez de Marzoa, s/n, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Angeles Val Del Rio
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gomez de Marzoa, s/n, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gomez de Marzoa, s/n, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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25
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Krishnaswamy VG, Aishwarya S, Kathawala TM. Extrication of the Microbial Interactions of Activated Sludge Used in the Textile Effluent Treatment of Anaerobic Reactor Through Metagenomic Profiling. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2496-2509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Calcium effect on microbial activity and biomass aggregation during anaerobic digestion at high salinity. N Biotechnol 2020; 56:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Jeddi M, Karray F, Loukil S, Mhiri N, Ben Abdallah M, Sayadi S. Anaerobic biological treatment of industrial saline wastewater: fixed bed reactor performance and analysis of the microbial community structure and abundance. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1715-1725. [PMID: 30403923 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1545802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work is to treat saline Tuna fish wastewater, with the salt concentration of 43 g L-1 and total organic carbon (TOC) of 8.3 g L-1, using an anaerobic fixed bed reactor involving salt-tolerant bacteria from the natural hypersaline environment during 150 days. The highest volatile solids (VS) removal efficiency of 84.1% was recorded for the organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.04 g TOC L-1.d-1 and the lowest salinity of 14.6 g NaCl L-1. In addition, the maximum biogas production of 0.8 L-1.d-1 for a working volume of 4 L and an organic loading rate of 2.07 g TOC L-1.d-1 correlated with the decrease of Volatile fatty acids (VFA) content. The Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and the phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial community showed the action of hydrolytic, acidogenic, halotolerant sulfate-reducing and halophilic fermentative bacterium during the processing time. A stable archaeal and methanogenic community's diversity including hydrogenotrophic methanogens was demonstrated with Quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR). The highest bacterial population abundance was detected for 1.45 g TOC L-1.d-1 and the important methanogenic community abundance for 2.07 g TOC L-1.d-1 may be related to the highest biogas production in this charge for an effluent salinity of 27.7 g NaCl L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Jeddi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Loukil
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mhiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wang Y, Xue Y, Zhang C. Generation and application of reactive chlorine species by electrochemical process combined with UV irradiation: Synergistic mechanism for enhanced degradation performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136501. [PMID: 31931214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Saline wastewater originates from many industries, containing a large amount of salt (NaCl) and other toxic and harmful organic matter, which have a great impact on the soil and groundwater. However, the treatment of saline wastewater is a serious problem because organic contents are hard to degrade with the high salinity by the common water treatment technologies. Herein, an electrochemical process coupled with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was proposed for the saline wastewater treatment. High efficiency of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) and ammonia degradation were contributed from the in situ electrochemical produced active chlorine and photo-induced chlorine radicals. Under the optimal conditions (0.10 A, 0.05 M NaCl, and pH 6.00), approximately 98.91% p-NP was removed after 60 min with the rate constant of 7.521 × 10-2 min-1 in the electrochemical process, and 28.99% mineralization rate was obtained, while with the synergistic effect of UV and electrochemistry, approximately 100% of p-NP removal (k = 9.331 × 10-2 min-1) was achieved by 30 min treatment and about 83.70% of p-NP can be mineralized to CO2 after 60 min. The study on the synergistic mechanism of enhanced degradation performance illustrated that Cl with high oxidation capacity played an important role in the p-NP oxidation. Besides, based on the chlorine radical reactions, this method was also effectively applied to remove ammonia nitrogen (92.00% removal of total nitrogen in 100 min) for nitrogen-containing wastewater. Thus, this study offers a promising approach for the treatment of saline industry wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Xue
- College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology of Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Gagliano MC, Sudmalis D, Pei R, Temmink H, Plugge CM. Microbial Community Drivers in Anaerobic Granulation at High Salinity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:235. [PMID: 32174895 PMCID: PMC7054345 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years anaerobic sludge granulation at elevated salinities in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors has been investigated in few engineering based studies, never addressing the microbial community structural role in driving aggregation and keeping granules stability. In this study, the combination of different techniques was applied in order to follow the microbial community members and their structural dynamics in granules formed at low (5 g/L Na+) and high (20 g/L Na+) salinity conditions. Experiments were carried out in four UASB reactors fed with synthetic wastewater, using two experimental set-ups. By applying 16S rRNA gene analysis, the comparison of granules grown at low and high salinity showed that acetotrophic Methanosaeta harundinacea was the dominant methanogen at both salinities, while the dominant bacteria changed. At 5 g/L Na+, cocci chains of Streptoccoccus were developing, while at 20 g/L Na+ members of the family Defluviitaleaceae formed long filaments. By means of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), it was shown that aggregation of Methanosaeta in compact clusters and the formation of filaments of Streptoccoccus and Defluviitaleaceae during the digestion time were the main drivers for the granulation at low and high salinity. Interestingly, when the complex protein substrate (tryptone) in the synthetic wastewater was substituted with single amino acids (proline, leucine and glutamic acid), granules at high salinity (20 g/L Na+) were not formed. This corresponded to a decrease of Methanosaeta relative abundance and a lack of compact clustering, together with disappearance of Defluviitaleaceae and consequent absence of bacterial filaments within the dispersed biomass. In these conditions, a biofilm was growing on the glass wall of the reactor instead, highlighting that a complex protein substrate such as tryptone can contribute to granules formation at elevated salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Dainis Sudmalis
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruizhe Pei
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands.,Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
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30
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Biotreatment of high-salinity wastewater: current methods and future directions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li J, Feng L, Biswal BK, Chen GH, Wu D. Bioaugmentation of marine anammox bacteria (MAB)-based anaerobic ammonia oxidation by adding Fe(III) in saline wastewater treatment under low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122292. [PMID: 31655251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated a new method of using Fe(III) to enhance the reactor performance enriched with marine anammox bacteria (MAB). The experiments were conducted in a sequencing batch reactor at low temperature (15 °C), high salinity (35 g/L) and varying Fe(III) concentrations (0-250 mg/l). The results of this study showed that at low Fe(III) (6 mg Fe/L), the rate of ammonium removal, nitrite removal and specific anammox activity remarkably increased to 0.42 kg/(m3·d), 0.53 kg/(m3·d), 0.56 kg/(kg·d), respectively. However, Fe(III) at above 120 mg Fe/L, the reaction time was significantly shortened from 5 to 2 h. MAB-based nitrite removal could be predicated based on the change of pH (ΔpH) and oxidation-reduction potential (ΔORP). Kinetics analysis demonstrated, the "Remodified Logistic Model" could simulate the Fe(III) enhanced anammox process. Overall, this research shed the light of designing a new high-rate anaerobic nitrogen removal technology for carbon insufficient, nitrogen-laden saline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Center, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Performance of Anammox Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review on Effects of Operational Conditions and Environmental Stresses. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is well-known as a low-energy consuming and eco-friendly technology for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. Although the anammox reaction was widely investigated in terms of its application in many wastewater treatment processes, practical anammox application at the pilot and industrial scales is limited because nitrogen removal efficiency and anammox activity are dependent on many operational factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen loading, and organic matter content. In practical application, anammox bacteria are possibly vulnerable to non-essential compounds such as sulfides, toxic metal elements, alcohols, phenols, and antibiotics that are potential inhibitors owing to the complexity of the wastewater stream. This review systematically summarizes up-to-date studies on the effect of various operational factors on nitrogen removal performance along with reactor type, mode of operation (batch or continuous), and cultured anammox bacterial species. The effect of potential anammox inhibition factors such as high nitrite concentration, high salinity, sulfides, toxic metal elements, and toxic organic compounds is listed with a thorough interpretation of the synergistic and antagonistic toxicity of these inhibitors. Finally, the strategy for optimization of anammox processes for wastewater treatment is suggested, and the importance of future studies on anammox applications is indicated.
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33
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Structure Elucidation and Biochemical Characterization of Environmentally Relevant Novel Extradiol Dioxygenases Discovered by a Functional Metagenomics Approach. mSystems 2019; 4:4/6/e00316-19. [PMID: 31771973 PMCID: PMC6880040 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00316-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of synthetic chemical pollutants in the environment is posing serious health risks. Enzymes, including oxygenases, play a crucial role in xenobiotic degradation. In the present study, we employed a functional metagenomics approach to overcome the limitation of cultivability of microbes under standard laboratory conditions in order to isolate novel dioxygenases capable of degrading recalcitrant pollutants. Fosmid clones possessing dioxygenase activity were further sequenced, and their genes were identified using bioinformatics tools. Two positive fosmid clones, SD3 and RW1, suggested the presence of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (BphC-SD3) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O-RW1), respectively. Recombinant versions of these enzymes were purified to examine their pollutant-degrading abilities. The crystal structure of BphC-SD3 was determined at 2.6-Å resolution, revealing a two-domain architecture, i.e., N-terminal and C-terminal domains, with the sequential arrangement of βαβββ in each domain, characteristic of Fe-dependent class II type I extradiol dioxygenases. The structure also reveals the presence of conserved amino acids lining the catalytic pocket and Fe3+ metal ion in the large funnel-shaped active site in the C-terminal domain. Further studies suggest that Fe3+ bound in the BphC-SD3 active site probably imparts aerobic stability. We further demonstrate the potential application of BphC-SD3 in biosensing of catecholic compounds. The halotolerant and oxygen-resistant properties of these enzymes reported in this study make them potential candidates for bioremediation and biosensing applications.IMPORTANCE The disposal and degradation of xenobiotic compounds have been serious issues due to their recalcitrant properties. Microbial oxygenases are the fundamental enzymes involved in biodegradation that oxidize the substrate by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen. Among oxygenases, catechol dioxygenases are more versatile in biodegradation and are well studied among the bacterial world. The use of catechol dioxygenases in the field is currently not practical due to their aerobically unstable nature. The significance of our research lies in the discovery of aerobically stable and halotolerant catechol dioxygenases that are efficient in degrading the targeted environmental pollutants and, hence, could be used as cost-effective alternatives for the treatment of hypersaline industrial effluents. Moreover, the structural determination of novel catechol dioxygenases would greatly enhance our knowledge of the function of these enzymes and facilitate directed evolution to further enhance or engineer desired properties.
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Sun Y, Wang D, Tsang DCW, Wang L, Ok YS, Feng Y. A critical review of risks, characteristics, and treatment strategies for potentially toxic elements in wastewater from shale gas extraction. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 125:452-469. [PMID: 30763832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Shale gas extraction via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (HF) has enhanced gas production worldwide, which has altered global energy markets and reduced the prices of natural gas and oil. Water management has become the most challenging issue of HF, as it demands vast amounts of freshwater and generates high volumes of complex liquid wastes contaminated by diverse potentially toxic elements at variable rates. This critical review focuses on characterizing HF wastewater and establishing strategies to mitigate environmental impacts. High prioritization was given to the constituents with mean concentrations over 10 times greater than the maximum contamination level (MCL) guidelines for drinking water. A number of potentially harmful organic compounds in HF wastewaters were identified via the risk quotient approach to predict the associated toxicity for freshwater organisms in recipient surface waters. Currently, two options for HF wastewater treatment are preferred, i.e., disposal by deep well injection or on-site re-use as a fracturing fluid. Supplementary treatment will be enforced by increasingly rigorous regulations. Partial treatment and reuse remain the preferred method for managing HF wastewater where feasible. Otherwise, advanced technologies such as membrane separation/distillation, forward osmosis, mechanical vapor compression, electrocoagulation, advanced oxidation, and adsorption-biological treatment will be required to satisfy the sustainable requirements for reuse or surface discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Linling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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35
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Rathinam NK, Bibra M, Salem DR, Sani RK. Thermophiles for biohydrogen production in microbial electrolytic cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:171-178. [PMID: 30679062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermophiles are promising options to use as electrocatalysts for bioelectrochemical applications including microbial electrolysis. They possess several interesting characteristics such as ability to catalyze a broad range of substrates at better rates and over a broad range of operating conditions, and better electrocatalysis/electrogenic activity over mesophiles. However, a very limited number of investigations have been carried out to explore the microbial reactions/pathways and the molecular mechanisms that contribute to better electrocatalysis/electrolysis in thermophiles. Here, we review the electroactive characteristics of thermophiles, their electron transfer mechanisms, and molecular insights behind the choice of thermophiles for bioelectrochemical/electrolytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navanietha Krishnaraj Rathinam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortia, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
| | - Mohit Bibra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA
| | - David R Salem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; BuG ReMeDEE Consortia, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City 57701, USA; Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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36
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Qian Z, Tianwei H, Mackey HR, van Loosdrecht MCM, Guanghao C. Recent advances in dissimilatory sulfate reduction: From metabolic study to application. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:162-181. [PMID: 30508713 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are a group of diverse anaerobic microorganisms omnipresent in natural habitats and engineered environments that use sulfur compounds as the electron acceptor for energy metabolism. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR)-based techniques mediated by SRB have been utilized in many sulfate-containing wastewater treatment systems worldwide, particularly for acid mine drainage, groundwater, sewage and industrial wastewater remediation. However, DSR processes are often operated suboptimally and disturbances are common in practical application. To improve the efficiency and robustness of SRB-based processes, it is necessary to study SRB metabolism and operational conditions. In this review, the mechanisms of DSR processes are reviewed and discussed focusing on intracellular and extracellular electron transfer with different electron donors (hydrogen, organics, methane and electrodes). Based on the understanding of the metabolism of SRB, responses of SRB to environmental stress (pH-, temperature-, and salinity-related stress) are summarized at the species and community levels. Application in these stressed conditions is discussed and future research is proposed. The feasibility of recovering energy and resources such as biohydrogen, hydrocarbons, polyhydroxyalkanoates, magnetite and metal sulfides through the use of SRB were investigated but some long-standing questions remain unanswered. Linking the existing scientific understanding and observations to practical application is the challenge as always for promotion of SRB-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Tianwei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Chen Guanghao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
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37
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Vo HNP, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Nguyen PD, Bui XT, Ren J. Identification of the pollutants' removal and mechanism by microalgae in saline wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:44-52. [PMID: 30576913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the growth dynamics of a freshwater and marine microalgae with supported biochemical performance in saline wastewater, the pollutants assimilation by a developed method, and the mechanism of salinity's effect to pollutants assimilation. Maximal biomass yield was 400-500 mg/L at 0.1-1% salinity while the TOC, NO3--N, PO43--P were eliminated 39.5-92.1%, 23-97.4% and 7-30.6%, respectively. The biomass yield and pollutants removal efficiencies reduced significantly when salinity rose from 0.1 to 5%. The freshwater Chlorella vulgaris performed its best with a focus on TOC removal at 0.1% salinity. The marine Chlorella sp. was prominent for removing NO3--N at 0.1-1% salinity. Through the developed method, the freshwater C. vulgaris competed to the marine microalgae referring to pollutants assimilation up to 5% salinity. This study unveiled the mechanism of salinity's effect with evidence of salt layer formation and salt accumulation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nhat Phong Vo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuoc Dan Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment & Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT)- Vietnam, National University, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet nam
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment & Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT)- Vietnam, National University, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet nam
| | - Jiawei Ren
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Basereh Taromsary N, Bonakdarpour B, Amoozegar MA, Fallah N, Fadaei Tehran A. Quantifying the organic content of saline wastewaters: Is chemical oxygen demand always an achievable parameter? Talanta 2019; 197:509-516. [PMID: 30771969 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study presented in this paper takes a comprehensive approach to the measurement of the COD of saline industrial wastewaters taking into account both their widely varying salinity levels and the substantial interference of chloride with the conventional method of COD measurement. To this end, three approaches for combating the chloride interference associated with the measurement of COD using the conventional method were considered. The dilution of saline samples prior to analysis yielded reasonably accurate COD results as long as the COD after dilution was 40 mg L-1 or above. In the second approach, the previously reported modifications of the standard method were stretched to their practical limits (increasing HgSO4 to 130 g L-1 and decreasing K2Cr2O7 to 1.022 g L-1) accompanied by prior addition of HgSO4:Cl- at a ratio of 20:1 combined with chloride interference error estimation. This brought about an increase in chloride interference threshold of the standard method to 42.5 g L-1, which is considerably higher than previous reports. Since some raw or treated saline industrial wastewaters have a combination of chloride and COD concentration which makes the first two approaches inapplicable, the approach of chloride removal from the sample via a modification of DIN 38409-H41-2 and subsequent measurement of COD using a slight variation of the closed reflux standard method was also considered. Fairly accurate COD determinations for samples with chloride concentrations up to 148.6 and 182 g L-1 for COD contents of 50 and 900 mg L-1, respectively were achieved. However, excessive precipitation of the desalination reaction products made the method inapplicable to samples with chloride concentrations above 182 g L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Fallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Fadaei Tehran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Sudmalis D, Millah SK, Gagliano MC, Butré CI, Plugge CM, Rijnaarts HHM, Zeeman G, Temmink H. The potential of osmolytes and their precursors to alleviate osmotic stress of anaerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:142-151. [PMID: 30308373 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing amounts of saline (waste)water with high concentrations of organic pollutants are generated globally. In the anaerobic (waste)water treatment domain, high salt concentrations are repeatedly reported to inhibit methanogenic activity and strategies to overcome this toxicity are needed. Current research focuses on the use of potential osmolyte precursor compounds for osmotic stress alleviation in granular anaerobic sludges upon exposure to hypersalinity shocks. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, potassium, gelatine, and tryptone were tested for their potential to alleviate osmotic stress in laboratory grown and full - scale granular sludge. The laboratory grown granular sludge was adapted to 5 (R5) and 20 (R20) g Na+/L. Full-scale granular sludge was obtained from internal circulation reactors treating tannery (waste)water with influent conductivity of 29.2 (Do) and 14.1 (Li) mS/cm. In batch experiments which focused on specific methanogenic activity (SMA), R5 granular sludge was exposed to a hypersalinity shock of 20 g Na+/L. The granular sludge of Do and Li was exposed to a hypersalinity shock of 10 g Na+/L with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source. The effects on R20 granular sludge were studied at the salinity level to which the sludge was already adapted, namely 20 g Na+/L. Dosing of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, gelatine, and tryptone resulted in increased SMA compared to only acetate fed batches. In batches with added glutamic acid, the SMA increased by 115% (Li), 35% (Do) and 9% (R20). With added aspartic acid, SMA increased by 72% (Li), 26% (Do), 12% (R5) and 7% (R20). The addition of tryptone resulted in SMA increases of 36% (R5), 17% (R20), 179% (Li), and 48% (Do), whereas added gelatine increased the SMA by 30% (R5), 14% (R20), 23% (Li), and 13% (Do). The addition of lysine, meanwhile, gave negative effects on SMA of all tested granular sludges. Potassium at sea water Na/K ratio (27.8 w/w) had a slight positive effect on SMA of Do (7.3%) and Li (10.1%), whereas at double the sea water ratio (13.9% w/w) had no pronounced positive effect. R20 granular sludge was also exposed to hyposalinity shock from 20 down to 5 g Na+/L. Glutamate and N-acetyl-β-lysine were excreted by microbial consortium in anaerobic granular sludge adapted to 20 g Na+/L upon this exposure to hyposalinity. A potential consequence when applying these results is that saline streams containing specific and hydrolysable proteins can be anaerobically treated without additional dosing of osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sudmalis
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - S K Millah
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M C Gagliano
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C I Butré
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Zeeman
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Temmink
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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40
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Sudmalis D, Da Silva P, Temmink H, Bijmans MM, Pereira MA. Biological treatment of produced water coupled with recovery of neutral lipids. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:33-42. [PMID: 30296607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream generated by oil and gas industry. It is commonly treated by physical-chemical processes due to high salt content and poor biodegradability of water insoluble compounds, such as n-alkanes. N-alkanes can represent a major fraction of organic contaminants within PW. In this study the possibility of simultaneous n - alkane biodegradation and production of neutral lipids in a concentrated PW stream with A. borkumenis SK2 as the sole reactor inoculum was investigated. N-alkane removal efficiency up to 99.6%, with influent alkane COD of 7.4 g/L, was achieved in a continuously operated reactor system. Gas chromatography results also showed that the majority of other non-polar compounds present in the PW were biodegraded. Biodegradation of n-alkanes was accompanied by simultaneous production of neutral lipids, mostly wax ester (WE)-alike compounds. We demonstrate, that under nutrient limited conditions and 108.9 ± 3.3 mg/L residual n-alkane concentration the accumulation of extracellular WE-alike compounds can be up to 12 times higher compared to intracellular, reaching 3.08 grams per litre of reactor volume (g/Lreactor) extracellularly and 0.28 g/Lreactor intracellularly. With residual n-alkane concentration of 311.5 ± 34.2 mg/L accumulation of extracellular and intracellular WE-alike compounds can reach up to 6.15 and 0.91 g/Lreactor, respectively. To the best of our knowledge simultaneous PW treatment coupled with production of neutral lipids has never been demonstrated before.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sudmalis
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - P Da Silva
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - H Temmink
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708, WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - M M Bijmans
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911, MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - M A Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Guo G, Wu D, Ekama GA, Hao T, Mackey HR, Chen G. Denitrifying sulfur conversion-associated EBPR: Effects of temperature and carbon source on anaerobic metabolism and performance. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:9-18. [PMID: 29753976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed Denitrifying Sulfur conversion-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (DS-EBPR) process has demonstrated simultaneous removal of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus with minimal sludge production in the treatment of saline/brackish wastewater. Its performance, however, is sensitive to operating and environmental conditions. In this study, the effects of temperature (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and the ratio of influent acetate to propionate (100-0, 75-25, 50-50, 25-75 and 0-100%) on anaerobic metabolism were investigated, and their optimal values/controls for performance optimization were identified. A mature DS-EBPR sludge enriched with approximately 30% sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and 33% sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was used in this study. The anaerobic stoichiometry of this process was insensitive to temperature or changes in the carbon source. However, an increase in temperature from 20 to 35 °C accelerated the kinetic reactions of the functional bacteria (i.e. SRB and SOB) and raised the energy requirement for their anaerobic maintenance, while a moderate temperature (25-30 °C) resulted in better P removal (≥93%, 18.6 mg P/L removal from total 20 mg P/L in the influent) with a maximum sulfur conversion of approximately 16 mg S/L. These results indicate that the functional bacteria are likely to be mesophilic. When a mixed carbon source (75-25 and 50-50% acetate to propionate ratios) was supplied, DS-EBPR achieved a stable P removal (≥89%, 17.8 mg P/L for 400 mg COD/L in the influent) with sulfur conversions at around 23 mg S/L, suggesting the functional bacteria could effectively adapt to changes in acetate or propionate as the carbon source. The optimal temperatures or carbon source conditions maximized the functional bacteria competition against glycogen-accumulating organisms by favoring their activity and synergy. Therefore, the DS-EBPR process can be optimized by setting the temperature in the appropriate range (25-30 °C) and/or manipulating influent carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
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Gagliano MC, Neu TR, Kuhlicke U, Sudmalis D, Temmink H, Plugge CM. EPS Glycoconjugate Profiles Shift as Adaptive Response in Anaerobic Microbial Granulation at High Salinity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1423. [PMID: 30013532 PMCID: PMC6036115 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic granulation at elevated salinities has been discussed in several analytical and engineering based studies. They report either enhanced or decreased efficiencies in relation to different Na+ levels. To evaluate this discrepancy, we focused on the microbial and structural dynamics of granules formed in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating synthetic wastewater at low (5 g/L Na+) and high (20 g/L Na+) salinity conditions. Granules were successfully formed in both conditions, but at high salinity, the start-up inoculum quickly formed larger granules having a thicker gel layer in comparison to granules developed at low salinity. Granules retained high concentrations of sodium without any negative effect on biomass activity and structure. 16S rRNA gene analysis and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) identified the acetotrophic Methanosaeta harundinacea as the dominant microorganism at both salinities. Fluorescence lectin bar coding (FLBC) screening highlighted a significant shift in the glycoconjugate pattern between granules grown at 5 and 20 g/L of Na+, and the presence of different extracellular domains. The excretion of a Mannose-rich cloud-like glycoconjugate matrix, which seems to form a protective layer for some methanogenic cells clusters, was found to be the main distinctive feature of the microbial community grown at high salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Gagliano
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Neu
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ute Kuhlicke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dainis Sudmalis
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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43
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Luque Di Salvo J, Cosenza A, Tamburini A, Micale G, Cipollina A. Long-run operation of a reverse electrodialysis system fed with wastewaters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:871-887. [PMID: 29660712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a Reverse ElectroDialysis (RED) system fed by unconventional wastewater solutions for long operational periods is analysed for the first time. The experimental campaign was divided in a series of five independent long-runs which combined real wastewater solutions with artificial solutions for at least 10 days. The time evolution of electrical variables, gross power output and net power output, considering also pumping losses, was monitored: power density values obtained during the long-runs are comparable to those found in literature with artificial feed solutions of similar salinity. The increase in pressure drops and the development of membrane fouling were the main detrimental factors of system performance. Pressure drops increase was related to the physical obstruction of the feed channels defined by the spacers, while membrane fouling was related to the adsorption of foulants over the membrane surfaces. In order to manage channels partial clogging and fouling, different kinds of easily implemented in situ backwashings (i.e. neutral, acid, alkaline) were adopted, without the need for an abrupt interruption of the RED unit operation. The application of periodic ElectroDialysis (ED) pulses is also tested as fouling prevention strategy. The results collected suggest that RED can be used to produce electric power by unworthy wastewaters, but additional studies are still needed to characterize better membrane fouling and further improve system performance with these solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Luque Di Salvo
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cosenza
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tamburini
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Micale
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cipollina
- Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Kobayashi T, Hu Y, Xu KQ. Impact of cationic substances on biofilm formation from sieved fine particles of anaerobic granular sludge at high salinity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:69-75. [PMID: 29486408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated early stages of biofilm formation from sieved fine particles of anaerobic granules in the presence of various cationic substances using a quartz crystal sensor to improve biofilm formation in the anaerobic treatment of saline wastewater. The biomass attached on the sensor was greatly increased with Ca within the low range (8-16 mM), which was not affected by 50 mM of Na. However, the positive effect of 16 mM of Ca was strongly reduced in the co-presence of Ca and Na when Na concentrations were in the range from 25 to 150 mM because Ca may compete with Na for the limited binding sites in biofilm. The addition of cationic polymer at 150 mM of Na increased biomass adhesion by several folds at only 10-80 mg/L compared to the addition of 16 mM of Ca. Moreover, no methanogenic inhibition was presented below the polymer content of 20 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobayashi
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yong Hu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kai-Qin Xu
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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45
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Thung WE, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Ridwan F, Oon YL, Oon YS, Lehl HK. Sustainable green technology on wastewater treatment: The evaluation of enhanced single chambered up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 66:295-300. [PMID: 29628097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the potential of single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) in wastewater treatment and power generation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and enhance the performance under different operational conditions which affect the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and power generation, including the increase of KCl concentration (MFC1) and COD concentration (MFC2). The results showed that the increase of KCl concentration is an important factor in up-flow membrane-less MFC to enhance the ease of electron transfer from anode to cathode. The increase of COD concentration in MFC2 could led to the drop of voltage output due to the prompt of biofilm growth in MFC2 cathode which could increase the internal resistance. It also showed that the COD concentration is a vital issue in up-flow membrane-less MFC. Despite the COD reduction was up to 96%, the power output remained constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Eng Thung
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Soon-An Ong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
| | - Li-Ngee Ho
- School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Shian Wong
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Ridwan
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Ling Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Yoong-Sin Oon
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Harvinder Kaur Lehl
- Water Research Group (WAREG), School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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46
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Ahmed V, Verma MK, Gupta S, Mandhan V, Chauhan NS. Metagenomic Profiling of Soil Microbes to Mine Salt Stress Tolerance Genes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:159. [PMID: 29472909 PMCID: PMC5809485 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotolerance is one of the critical factors for successful survival and colonization of microbes in saline environments. Nonetheless, information about these osmotolerance mechanisms is still inadequate. Exploration of the saline soil microbiome for its community structure and novel genetic elements is likely to provide information on the mechanisms involved in osmoadaptation. The present study explores the saline soil microbiome for its native structure and novel genetic elements involved in osmoadaptation. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis has indicated the dominance of halophilic/halotolerant phylotypes affiliated to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. A functional metagenomics approach led to the identification of osmotolerant clones SSR1, SSR4, SSR6, SSR2 harboring BCAA_ABCtp, GSDH, STK_Pknb, and duf3445 genes. Furthermore, transposon mutagenesis, genetic, physiological and functional studies in close association has confirmed the role of these genes in osmotolerance. Enhancement in host osmotolerance possibly though the cytosolic accumulation of amino acids, reducing equivalents and osmolytes involving BCAA-ABCtp, GSDH, and STKc_PknB. Decoding of the genetic elements prevalent within these microbes can be exploited either as such for ameliorating soils or their genetically modified forms can assist crops to resist and survive in saline environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasim Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Manoj K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Vibha Mandhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Nar S Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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47
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Sudmalis D, Gagliano MC, Pei R, Grolle K, Plugge CM, Rijnaarts HHM, Zeeman G, Temmink H. Fast anaerobic sludge granulation at elevated salinity. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 128:293-303. [PMID: 29107914 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that high salt concentrations negatively affect microbial activity in biological wastewater treatment reactors such as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Microbial aggregation in such reactors is equally important. It is well documented that anaerobic granules, when exposed to high salinity become weak and disintegrate, causing wash-out, operational problems and decreasing process performance. In this research, the possibility of microbial granule formation from dispersed biomass was investigated at salinity levels of 5 and 20 g Na+/L. High removal efficiencies of soluble influent organics were achieved at both salinity levels and this was accompanied by fast and robust formation of microbial granules. The process was found to be stable for the entire operational period of 217 days. As far as we know this is the first time it has been demonstrated that stable granule formation is possible at a salinity level as high as 20 g Na+/L. Methanosaeta was identified as the dominant methanogen at both salinity levels. Streptococcus spp. and bacteria belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae were identified as the dominant microbial population at 5 and 20 and g Na+/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sudmalis
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M C Gagliano
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Pei
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Grolle
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Zeeman
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Temmink
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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48
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Arshad A, Dalcin Martins P, Frank J, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp HJM, Welte CU. Mimicking microbial interactions under nitrate-reducing conditions in an anoxic bioreactor: enrichment of novel Nitrospirae bacteria distantly related to Thermodesulfovibrio. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4965-4977. [PMID: 29105249 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are main drivers of the sulfur, nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical cycles. These elemental cycles are interconnected by the activity of different guilds in sediments or wastewater treatment systems. Here, we investigated a nitrate-reducing microbial community in a laboratory-scale bioreactor model that closely mimicked estuary or brackish sediment conditions. The bioreactor simultaneously consumed sulfide, methane and ammonium at the expense of nitrate. Ammonium oxidation occurred solely by the activity of anammox bacteria identified as Candidatus Scalindua brodae and Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. Fifty-three percent of methane oxidation was catalyzed by archaea affiliated to Ca. Methanoperedens and 47% by Ca. Methylomirabilis bacteria. Sulfide oxidation was mainly shared between two proteobacterial groups. Interestingly, competition for nitrate did not lead to exclusion of one particular group. Metagenomic analysis showed that the most abundant taxonomic group was distantly related to Thermodesulfovibrio sp. (87-89% 16S rRNA gene identity, 52-54% average amino acid identity), representing a new family within the Nitrospirae phylum. A high quality draft genome of the new species was recovered, and analysis showed high metabolic versatility. Related microbial groups are found in diverse environments with sulfur, nitrogen and methane cycling, indicating that these novel Nitrospirae bacteria might contribute to biogeochemical cycling in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Arshad
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute for Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute for Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Earth Systems Science Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia U Welte
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Soehngen Institute for Anaerobic Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Liang Y, Zhu H, Bañuelos G, Yan B, Shutes B, Cheng X, Chen X. Removal of nutrients in saline wastewater using constructed wetlands: Plant species, influent loads and salinity levels as influencing factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:52-61. [PMID: 28837857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate how plant species, influent loads and salinity levels affect the removal of nutrients from saline wastewater using constructed wetlands (CWs). CWs planted with Canna indica showed the greatest removal percentages among the four tested species for nitrogen (N) (∼100%) at both low and high influent loads, and ∼100% and 93.8% for phosphorus (P) at low and high influent loads, respectively at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 7 mS/cm (25 °C). The influence of different salinity levels on plant assimilation of N and P varied with their respective concentrations; salinity (e.g., EC at 7, 10 and 15 mS/cm) even enhanced plant absorption of N and P under specific conditions. In conclusion, CWs planted with selected species can be used for the removal of N and P under a range of different salinity levels (e.g., EC at 7, 10 and 15 mS/cm, 25 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China.
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648-9757, USA
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China
| | - Brian Shutes
- Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xianwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, PR China
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Guo G, Wu D, Hao T, Mackey HR, Wei L, Chen G. Denitrifying sulfur conversion-associated EBPR: The effect of pH on anaerobic metabolism and performance. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:687-695. [PMID: 28715778 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the denitrifying sulfur conversion-associated enhanced biological phosphorus removal (DS-EBPR) process tends to be unstable and requires further study and development. This in turn requires extensive study of the anaerobic metabolism in terms of its stoichiometry and kinetics. This study evaluates the corresponding responses of DS-EBPR to pH, as it significantly influences both stoichiometry and biochemical kinetics. The impacts of five representative pH values ranging between 6.5 and 8.5 on the anaerobic metabolism were investigated, followed by identification of the optimal pH for performance optimization. A mature DS-EBPR sludge was used in the study, enriched with approximately 30% sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and 33% sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Through a series of batch tests, the optimal pH range was determined as 7.0-7.5. In this pH range, the anaerobic stoichiometry of phosphorus released/volatile fatty acid (VFA) uptake ratio, sulfate reduction, and internal polymer production (including poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates and polysulfide and/or elemental sulfur) all increased along with the anaerobic kinetics of the VFA uptake ratio. Consequently, phosphorus removal was maximized at this pH range (≥95% vs. 84-93% at other pH values), as was sulfur conversion (16 mg S/L vs. 10-13 mg S/L). This pH range therefore favors the activity and synergy of the key functional bacteria (i.e. SRB and SOB). Anaerobic maintenance tests showed these bacteria required 38-61% less energy for maintenance than that reported for GAOs regardless of pH changes, improving their ability to cope with anaerobic starvation. Adversely, both bacteria showed much lower VFA uptake rates than that of GAOs at all tested pH values (0.03-0.06 vs. 0.2-0.24 mol-C/C-mol biomass/h), possibly revealing the primary cause of frequent instability in the DS-EBPR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hamish Robert Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
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