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Venkatakrishnan R, Venkatakrishnan R, Raveendranath B, Canales R, Sarno DM, Robb AC, Lin WC, Babu SV. The Effects of Secondary Task Demands on Cybersickness in Active Exploration Virtual Reality Experiences. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024; 30:2745-2755. [PMID: 38437100 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2024.3372080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Active exploration in virtual reality (VR) involves users navigating immersive virtual environments, going from one place to another. While navigating, users often engage in secondary tasks that require attentional resources, as in the case of distracted driving. Inspired by research generally studying the effects of task demands on cybersickness (CS), we investigated how the attentional demands specifically associated with secondary tasks performed during exploration affect CS. Downstream of this, we studied how increased attentional demands from secondary tasks affect spatial memory and navigational performance. We discuss the results of a multi-factorial between-subjects study, manipulating a secondary task's demand across two levels and studying its effects on CS in two different sickness-inducing levels of an exploration experience. The secondary task's demand was manipulated by parametrically varying $n$ in an aural $n$-back working memory task and the provocativeness of the experience was manipulated by varying how frequently users experienced a yaw-rotational reorientation effect during the exploration. Results revealed that increases in the secondary task's demand increased sickness levels, also resulting in a higher temporal onset rate, especially when the experience was not already highly sickening. Increased attentional demand from the secondary task also vitiated navigational performance and spatial memory. Overall, increased demands from secondary tasks performed during navigation produce deleterious effects on the VR experience.
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Faustino B, Fonseca I. Introducing a Neuroscience-Based Assessment Instrument: Development and Psychometric Study of the Neural Networks Symptomatology Inventory. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241226685. [PMID: 38232373 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241226685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Neuroscience research methods contribute to the understanding of the underlying neural impairments associated with psychopathology. Previous research suggested that impairments in Default Mode Network, Fronto-Parietal Executive Network, Amygdaloid-Hippocampal Memory Network, and Attentional Salience Network are present in different psychopathological symptoms. However, a self-report measure based on this evidence is lacking. Aims: Therefore, the present study describes the development and preliminary psychometric study of the Neural Network Symptomatology Inventory (NNSI). Method: Two different samples were recruited (sample 1: N = 214, Mage = 21.0, SD = 7.10; sample 2: N = 194, Mage = 21.5, SD = 8.41) and responded to self-report instruments in a cross-sectional design. Standard methodologies to scale development and psychometric study were applied: Item development, Exploratory (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Pearson correlations. Results: EFA and CFA suggested a 4-factor model with adequate goodness-of-fit indices (χ2(449) = 808,9841, TLI = .89, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .048 (.042-.053). All NNSI subscales correlated positively with psychopathological domains and correlated negatively with psychological well-being. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that NNSI may be a valid instrument to assess symptomatology associated with complex neural network impairments. Nevertheless, further research is required to deepen and improve NNSI psychometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Portugal
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fonseca
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Thellung di Courtelary E, Scozia G, Lasaponara S, Aguzzetti G, Doricchi F, Conversi D. Exploring the Interplay of Working Memory, Apathy, and Mood/Emotional Factors. Brain Sci 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38248293 PMCID: PMC10813243 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations on healthy humans showed conflicting evidence regarding the impact of mood on working memory performance. A systematic investigation of how mood affects apathy levels in healthy participants is currently missing. METHODS We administered a visuospatial (VS) and a numerical (N) n-back task to a sample of 120 healthy individuals. In these participants, using a series of questionnaires, we also evaluated apathy, mood, working memory, perceived stress, PTSD symptoms caused by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and general psychiatric symptoms. Successively, we investigated their performance in the n-back task as a function of scores to these questionnaires. RESULTS Participants performed better in the N block than in the VS one. Their accuracy decreased as a function of the n-back difficulty. We reported no differences in working memory performance or apathy as a function of mood, stress, or PTSD symptoms. We found that phobic anxiety negatively predicted accuracy to the numerical n-back task and that subjects with greater anxiety and difficulty in regulating emotions also showed higher levels of withdrawal from the task. CONCLUSION The study's results suggest that while mood did not significantly affect working memory performance, strong associations were found between WMQ scores and working memory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Conversi
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.T.d.C.); (G.S.); (S.L.); (G.A.); (F.D.)
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Pecchinenda A, Yankouskaya A, Boccia M, Piccardi L, Guariglia C, Giannini AM. Exploring the relationship between perceived loneliness and subjective cognitive decline in older individuals. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:73-82. [PMID: 37540497 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2242291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness has been associated to a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older individuals. However, evidence on whether this association also exists for older individuals who complain of cognitive problems is limited. We conducted a survey to examine the association between subjective cognitive decline in the working memory domain, perceived loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress in older individuals with different profiles. METHODS A total of 302 healthy, old individuals completed 3 questionnaires to assess subjective cognitive problems in attention, executive functions, storage, depression, anxiety, stress, and perceived loneliness. RESULTS We conducted a cluster analysis and 3 clusters of individuals with different profiles emerged. Individuals with greater subjective cognitive problems (cluster 1) in the attention and storage domains, reported higher perceived loneliness and stress but not depression. In contrast, individuals with the least subjective cognitive problems (cluster 3) in the storage domain, reported lower perceived loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with higher subjective cognitive decline also report higher levels of perceived loneliness but not more depression than their peers. However, this correlation is present only for individuals with mild subjective cognitive decline (cluster 2). The implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pecchinenda
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Cassino Hospital, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giannini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Piccardi L, Pecchinenda A, Palmiero M, Giancola M, Boccia M, Giannini AM, Guariglia C. The contribution of being physically active to successful aging. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1274151. [PMID: 38034073 PMCID: PMC10682790 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1274151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing old involves changes in physical, psychological, and cognitive functions. Promoting physical and mental health has become one of the priorities for an aging population. Studies have demonstrated the benefits of engaging in regular physical activity. Here, we aimed to understand the relationships between physical activity and working memory complaints in attention, memory storage, and executive functions. We hypothesized that physical activity was negatively associated with complaints in working memory domains after controlling for socio-demographics and distress factors, such as anxiety, stress, and depression. Two hundred and twenty-three individuals aged between 65 and 100 years (74.84; SD = 7.74; 133 males) without self-reported neurological and/or psychiatric disorders completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic, with questions on physical activity and the Italian version of the working memory questionnaire (WMQ) and the DASS-21 measuring anxiety, stress, and depression. Results from three linear regression models showed that low physical activity was associated with complaints in attention (R2 = 0.35) and executive functions (R2 = 0.37) but not in memory storage (R2 = 0.28). Notably, age, gender, and total emotional distress (DASS score) were significant in all regression models. Our results suggested regular physical activity, even just walking, is crucial for maintaining efficient cognitive function. Theoretical and practical implications for engaging in physical activity programs and social aggregation during exercise are considered. Limitations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Cassino Hospital, Cassino, Italy
| | - Anna Pecchinenda
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Giancola
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Parvaiz R, Vindbjerg E, Crespi B, Happe F, Schalbroeck R, Al-Sayegh Z, Danielsen IM, Tonge B, Videbech P, Abu-Akel A. Protocol for the development and testing of the schiZotypy Autism Questionnaire (ZAQ) in adults: a new screening tool to discriminate autism spectrum disorder from schizotypal disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:200. [PMID: 36978026 PMCID: PMC10044373 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizotypal disorder (SD) both have a heterogenous presentation, with significant overlaps in symptoms and behaviour. Due to elevated recognition and knowledge of ASD worldwide, there is a growing rate of referrals from primary health professionals to specialised units. At all levels of assessment, the differential diagnostic considerations between ASD and SD exert major challenges for clinicians. Although several validated screening questionnaires exist for ASD and SD, none have differential diagnostic properties. Accordingly, in this study, we aim to develop a new screening questionnaire, the schiZotypy Autism Questionnaire (ZAQ), which provides a combined screening for both conditions, while also indicating the relative likelihood of each. METHODS We aim to test 200 autistic patients and 100 schizotypy patients recruited from specialised psychiatric clinics and 200 controls from the general population (Phase 1). The results from ZAQ will be compared to the clinical diagnoses from interdisciplinary teams at specialised psychiatric clinics. After this initial testing phase, the ZAQ will be validated in an independent sample (Phase 2). CONCLUSIONS The aim of the study is to investigate the discriminative properties (ASD vs. SD), diagnostic accuracy, and validity of the schiZotypy Autism Questionnaire (ZAQ). FUNDING Funding was provided by Psychiatric Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen Denmark, Sofiefonden (Grant number: FID4107425), Trygfonden (Grant number:153588), Takeda Pharma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials, NCT05213286, Registered 28 January 2022, clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05213286?cond = RAADS&draw = 2&rank = 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Parvaiz
- Department of ADHD and Autism, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Erik Vindbjerg
- Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Ballerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Francesca Happe
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rik Schalbroeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Zainab Al-Sayegh
- Department of ADHD and Autism, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida-Marie Danielsen
- Department of ADHD and Autism, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruce Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Poul Videbech
- Center for Neuropsykiatrisk Depressionsforskning Psykiatrisk Center Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 41, Glostrup, Copenhagen, 2600, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Abu-Akel
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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Poole BJ, Lah S. Difficulties with mathematics experienced by adults with epilepsy in daily life: An online study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 138:109000. [PMID: 36446269 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mathematics encompass a variety of skills, broadly grouped into basic numeracy to complex secondary mathematical skills. In children with epilepsy difficulties with mathematics are common and related to a multicomponent working memory capacity. Little is known about mathematical skills of adults with epilepsy in daily life. Hence, we aimed to compare basic and secondary mathematical skills of adults with epilepsy to controls, examine relations between mathematical skills and working memory, and explored relationships between mathematical skills and epilepsy variables (age of onset, seizure frequency, and anti-seizure medication). METHODS Eighty four people with epilepsy and 86 healthy controls completed questionnaires on their subjective experience of using mathematics and working memory skills in daily life: The Dyscalculia Checklist (DC) and Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ; including attention, storage, and executive scales), respectively. Questionnaires also collected demographic and epilepsy variables. RESULTS Adults with epilepsy reported greater difficulties in basic and secondary mathematical skills on the DC compared with controls. Only one epilepsy variable, a younger age of epilepsy onset, related to higher DC scores (greater mathematical difficulties), but was not significantly related in regression analyses. Instead, the WMQ explained 33% of the variance on the DC; the poorer storage and attention (but not executive) on the WMQ were associated with the higher DC score, when demographic and epilepsy variables were accounted for. SIGNIFICANCE Adults with epilepsy reported significant difficulties with mathematics in daily life, which were not explained by epilepsy variables but by poor working memory. While our findings suggest that daily difficulties with mathematics may be comorbid with epilepsy rather than epilepsy related, it is important to be cognizant of mathematical difficulties experienced by patients with epilepsy as they have potential to impact understanding of numerical information provided in patient care, such as risks associated with different epilepsy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Poole
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Suncica Lah
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Sebalo I, Ireland JL, Chu S. The centrality of cognition and coping styles in driving aggressive responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2022; 85:101842. [PMID: 36351356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the presence of theoretical frameworks explaining aggression, they still require refinement in the form of a specification of mechanisms that facilitate such behaviour. METHOD Study 1 recruited participants (N = 31) from the general population (N = 20) and from a forensic hospital (N = 11). It was expected that aggression supportive cognitions and stress would be positively associated with aggressive behaviour. An experimental paradigm was used to induce stress and participants were subsequently given the opportunity to aggress. Study 2 was based on self-report questionnaires in community sample (N = 462). It was expected that aggressive behaviour and traits would be associated with experienced stress, hostile attributions, coping styles, and attitudes to violence. Specifically, that criminal attitudes to violence will mediate the effect of hostile attribution on aggression, while coping styles will mediate the effect of perceived stress. RESULTS An Implicit Theory "I am the law" was found to be associated with aggression. Furthermore, elevated skin conductance, but not changes in the heart rate, during the stress task was positively associated with aggression, and only among patients. Structural Equation Model confirmed the mediating role of criminal attitudes to violence and of maladaptive coping style for aggressive behaviour. CONCLUSION Aggression-supportive cognitions and maladaptive coping style are specific mechanisms through which external demands or subjective perception of a situation can result in aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sebalo
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK; Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK.
| | - Jane L Ireland
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK; Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
| | - Simon Chu
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK; Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, UK
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Ajuwon AM, Insel K. Health literacy, illness perception, depression, and self-management among African Americans with type 2 diabetes. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2022; 34:1066-1074. [PMID: 35944227 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans are more likely to suffer and die from T2DM. PURPOSE This study examines the associations between health literacy, illness perception, depression, working memory, executive function, and self-management among African Americans (18-65 years) with T2DM. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through Research Electronic Data Capture and transferred to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 26 for statistical analysis. Fifty-three participants met study eligibility criteria. RESULTS Health literacy was associated with depression ( r = -0.433, p = .003), more concerns about illness ( r = -0.357, p = .02), and better medication adherence ( r = 0.487, p = .001). Higher levels of depression were inversely associated with medication adherence ( r = -0.449, p = .002; r = 0.449, p = .003). Higher concern about illness was associated with lower medication adherence ( r = -0.414, p = .005). CONCLUSIONS Lower health literacy coupled with illness perception and depression is associated with lower self-management behaviors among African Americans which can lead to complications of T2DM. More studies are needed to examine the association of cognitive factors with self-management activities among African Americans with T2DM. IMPLICATIONS Limited health literacy is associated with lower medication adherence among African Americans with T2DM. Illness perception is a significant factor that influences self-management of T2DM among African Americans. Using screening tools that assess health literacy and illness perception may address underlying concerns regarding adherence to T2DM treatment regimens in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Insel
- University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona
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10
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Nori R, Zucchelli MM, Piccardi L, Palmiero M, Bocchi A, Guariglia P. The Contribution of Cognitive Factors to Compulsive Buying Behaviour: Insights from Shopping Habit Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12080260. [PMID: 36004831 PMCID: PMC9405148 DOI: 10.3390/bs12080260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen an increase in compulsive behaviours among young adults worldwide, particularly in 2020, during restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, even if shopping is an ordinary activity in everyday life, it can become a compulsive behaviour for certain individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of working memory and decision-making style in compulsive behaviour. A total of 105 participants (65 F, 40 M) were recruited online from May 2020 to December 2020. They completed a series of questionnaires to measure shopping compulsive behaviour, decision-making styles, deficits in working memory and online shopping habits. The results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, people spent much more time shopping online, made more purchases and spent more money than prior to the pandemic. Moreover, both higher working memory deficits and spontaneous decision-making style predicted a greater tendency to engage in compulsive buying. These results suggest the need to develop specific training programs to improve cognitive aspects related to compulsive shopping behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Nori
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512091827
| | | | - Laura Piccardi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Palmiero
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L’Aquila University, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Alessia Bocchi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Paola Guariglia
- Department of Human and Society Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
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Foraita M, Howell T, Bennett P. Development of the dog executive function scale (DEFS) for adult dogs. Anim Cogn 2022; 25:1479-1491. [PMID: 35579766 PMCID: PMC9113072 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-022-01629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive processes that are used to effortfully self-regulate behaviour and might be important for dogs’ success in working and pet roles. Currently, studies are assessing dogs’ EF skills through often laborious cognitive measures, leading to small sample sizes and lacking measures of reliability. A complementary method is needed. The aim of this study was to develop a dog executive function scale (DEFS) for adult dogs. Focus groups were held with people working with dogs professionally to refine a pool of items describing dog behaviours related to EF. A survey was distributed online to a convenience sample of N = 714 owners of adult dogs. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified six distinguishable factors named behavioural flexibility, motor inhibition, attention towards owner, instruction following, delay inhibition and working memory. These factors appear similar to factors identified in human EF scales. Working dogs exhibit higher EF scores on the DEFS than non-working dogs. Dogs sourced from breeders exhibited higher DEFS scores than dogs sourced from shelters, and the amount of training received positively correlated with dogs’ DEFS scores. The DEFS requires further validation with cognitive measures. The DEFS could then be used by researchers to complement assessment of dogs’ EF skills through cognitive measures or assess dogs’ EF skills in large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Foraita
- Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia.
| | - Tiffani Howell
- Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Pauleen Bennett
- Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
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12
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Szikszay TM, Adamczyk WM, Lévénez JLM, Gouverneur P, Luedtke K. Temporal properties of pain contrast enhancement using repetitive stimulation. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:1437-1447. [PMID: 35535976 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offset analgesia (OA) is characterized by a disproportionately large reduction in pain following a small decrease in noxious stimulation and is based on temporal pain contrast enhancement (TPCE). The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are still poorly understood. This study is aiming to investigate whether TPCE can also be induced by repetitive stimulation, i.e., by stimuli clearly separated in time. METHODS A repetitive TPCE paradigm was induced in healthy, pain-free subjects (n = 33) using heat stimuli. Three different interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were used: 5, 15, and 25 seconds. All paradigms were contrasted with a control paradigm without temperature change. Participants continuously rated perceived pain intensity. In addition, electrodermal activity (EDA) was recorded as a surrogate measure of autonomic arousal. RESULTS Temporal pain contrast enhancement was confirmed for ISI 5 seconds (p < 0.001) and ISI 15 seconds (p = 0.005) but not for ISI 25 seconds (p = 0.07), however, the magnitude of TPCE did not differ between ISIs (p = 0.11). A TPCE-like effect was also detected with increased EDA values. CONCLUSIONS TPCE can be induced by repetitive stimulation. This finding may be explained by a combination of the mechanisms underlying the OA and a facilitated pain habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor M Szikszay
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck (P.E.R.L.), Universitaet zu Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Waclaw M Adamczyk
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck (P.E.R.L.), Universitaet zu Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.,Laboratory of Pain Research, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Juliette L M Lévénez
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck (P.E.R.L.), Universitaet zu Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Philip Gouverneur
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin Luedtke
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck (P.E.R.L.), Universitaet zu Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Turkish Version of the Working Memory Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Pasotti F, De Luca G, Aiello EN, Gramegna C, Di Gangi M, Foderaro G, Gallucci M, Biglia E, Bottini G. A multi-component, adaptive Working Memory Assessment Battery (WoMAB): validation and norms in an Italian population sample. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:985-992. [PMID: 34185185 PMCID: PMC8789625 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) abilities are frequently impaired in neurological disorders affecting fronto-parietal cortical/sub-cortical structures. WM deficits negatively influence interventional outcomes and everyday functioning. This study thus aimed at the following: (a) developing and standardizing an ecologically valid task for WM assessment ( Ice Cream Test, ICT); (b) validating and norming a novel WM test (Digit Ordering Test, DOT), as well as providing updated norms for digit span (DS) tasks, in an Italian population sample; (c) introducing a novel scoring procedure for measuring WM. METHODS One-hundred and sixty-eight Italian healthy participants-73 male, 95 females; age: 48.4 ± 19.1 (18-86); education: 12.1 ± 4.8 (4-21)-underwent a thorough WM assessment-DOT, ICT, and both forward and backward DS tasks (FDS, BDS). The ICT requires participants to act as waiters who have to keep track of customers' orders. For each task, WM and total (T) outcomes were computed, i.e., the number of elements in the longest sequence and that of recalled sequences, respectively. Norms were derived via the equivalent score (ES) method. RESULTS DS ratios (DSRs) were computed for both WM/S and T outcomes on raw DS measures (BDS divided by FDS). Age and education significantly predicted all WM tasks; sex affected FDS and DSR-T scores (males > females). WM measures were highly internally related. DISCUSSION The present work provides Italian practitioners with a normatively updated, multi-component, adaptive battery for WM assessment (WoMAB) as well as with novel outcomes which capture different WM facets-WM capacity and attentive monitoring abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pasotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia De Luca
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- PhD in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Gramegna
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Di Gangi
- Studio Di Gangi & Vicini Psicologia Psicoterapia e Neuropsicologia, Minusio, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Foderaro
- Neurocentro Della Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Ospedale Regionale Di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Gallucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Biglia
- Neurocentro Della Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Ospedale Regionale Di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milano, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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15
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Drinkwater KG, Dagnall N, Denovan A, Parker A, Escolà-Gascón Á. Paranormal Experience Profiles and Their Association With Variations in Executive Functions: A Latent Profile Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:778312. [PMID: 35082722 PMCID: PMC8784801 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.778312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated relationships between inter-class variations in paranormal experience and executive functions. A sample of 516 adults completed self-report measures assessing personal encounter-based paranormal occurrences (i.e., Experience, Practitioner Visiting, and Ability), executive functions (i.e., General Executive Function, Working and Everyday Memory, and Decision Making) together with Emotion Regulation and Belief in the Paranormal. Paranormal belief served as a measure of convergent validity for experience-based phenomena. Latent profile analysis (LPA) combined experience-based indices into four classes based on sample subpopulation scores. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) then examined interclass differences. Results revealed that breadth of paranormal experience was associated with higher levels of executive functioning difficulties for General Executive Function, Working Memory, Decision Making, and Belief in the Paranormal. On the Everyday Memory Questionnaire, scores differed on Attention Tracking (focus loss) and Factor 3 (visual reconstruction), but not Retrieval (distinct memory failure). In the case of the Emotion Regulation Scale, class scores varied on Expressive Suppression (control), however, no difference was evident on Cognitive Reappraisal (reframing). Overall, inter-class comparisons identified subtle differences in executive functions related to experience. Since the present study was exploratory, sampled only a limited subset of executive functions, and used subjective, self-report measures, further research is necessary to confirm these outcomes. This should employ objective tests and include a broader range of executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Parker
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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16
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Drinkwater KG, Dagnall N, Denovan A, Parker A, Escolà-Gascón Á. Executive Functioning: Assessing the Role of Perceived Paranormal Ability. Front Psychol 2022; 12:798283. [PMID: 35002892 PMCID: PMC8733669 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether scores on self-report measures of executive functions varied in accordance with level of self-professed paranormal ability. The investigators compared three groups varying in attribution of paranormal facilities: practitioners (Mediums, Psychics, Spiritualists and Fortune-Tellers), self-professed ability and no ability. Consistent with recent research on cognitive-perceptual factors allied to delusional formation and thinking style, the researchers anticipated that practitioners would score higher on paranormal belief and self-reported executive function disruption. Correspondingly, the investigators also hypothesised that the self-professed ability group would demonstrate greater belief in the paranormal and higher levels of executive function disruption than the no ability group. A sample of 499 (219 males, 279 females) respondents completed the measures online. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found a large effect size, alongside significant differences on all variables apart from Cognitive Reappraisal. Pairwise comparisons indicated that Paranormal Belief increased as a function of level of ability; practitioners scored higher than self-professed, who in turn scored higher than the no ability group. For executive functioning, significant differences emerged only for the no ability vs. self-professed ability and no ability vs. practising groups. Collectively, outcomes indicated that perception of ability, regardless of intensity of paranormal conviction, influenced subjective appraisal of executive functions. Failure to find consistent differences between practitioner and self-professed ability groups suggested that discernment of ability was sufficient to heighten awareness of executive functioning disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Parker
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Podlesek A, Komidar L, Kavcic V. The Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Subjective Cognitive Decline During the COVID-19 Epidemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647971. [PMID: 34421707 PMCID: PMC8374330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, fear of disease and its consequences, recommended lifestyle changes, and severe restrictions set by governments acted as stressors and affected people's mood, emotions, mental health, and wellbeing. Many studies conducted during this crisis focused on affective and physiological responses to stress, but few studies examined how the crisis affected cognition. The present cross-sectional study examined the relationship between physiological, affective, and cognitive responses to the epidemic. In an online survey conducted at the height of the first wave of the epidemic in Slovenia (April 15-25, 2020), 830 Slovenian residents aged 18-85 years reported the effects of stressors (confinement, problems at home, problems at work, lack of necessities, and increased workload), experienced emotions, generalized anxiety, perceived stress, changes in health, fatigue and sleep quality, and perceived changes in cognition during the epidemic. Risk factors for stress (neuroticism, vulnerability, general health, gender, and age) were also recorded. We hypothesized that stressors and stress risk factors will be related to subjective cognitive decline, with negative emotions, generalized anxiety, perceived stress, and physical symptoms acting as mediator variables. On average, the results showed a mild subjective cognitive decline during the epidemic. In structural equation modeling, 34% of its variance was predicted by the mediator variables, with negative emotions and physical symptoms having the largest contribution. Stress risk factors were predictably related to the four mediator variables. Among the stressors, confinement showed the strongest effect on the four mediator variables, implying the importance of thoughtful communication about necessary restrictive measures during emergency circumstances. The results of this study indicate that the possibility of altered cognitive function should be considered when planning work and study activities during the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Podlesek
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Komidar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- International Institute of Applied Gerontology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Faustino B. Neurocognition applied to psychotherapy: A brief theoretical proposal based on the complex neural network perspective. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1626-1633. [PMID: 33645346 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1883615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairments on executive functions, attention, memory, and self-perception had been systematically associated and document across several psychological disorders. Individuals with anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders tend to manifest difficulties in response modulation/inhibition, cognitive flexibility, selective attention, updating autobiographical memory patterns, and maintenance in the sense of self and boundaries of others. Difficulties in cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal functions in intrapsychic and interpsychic mental domains may be theoretically related to the maladaptive functioning of several neural networks. Frontal-Parietal Executive Network (FPEN), Salience Network (SN), Amygdaloid-Hippocampal Memory Network (AHMN), and Default Mode-Network (DMN) are four major complex neural pathways associated with these neurocognitive processes, sharing some neuroanatomical elements. These shared elements may support a latent factor that accounts for the common neurocognitive symptomatology across several psychopathological conditions. Based on these preliminary observations a new theoretical neurocognitive syndrome is hypothesized, potentially a productive target for clinical case conceptualization. Several articulations bettween neurocognition and psychotherapy are discussed and a new assessment measure is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Waris O, Fellman D, Jylkkä J, Laine M. Stimulus novelty, task demands, and strategy use in episodic memory. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2020; 74:872-888. [PMID: 33245018 PMCID: PMC8054168 DOI: 10.1177/1747021820980301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive task performance is a dynamic process that evolves over time, starting
from the first encounters with a task. An important aspect of these task
dynamics is the employment of strategies to support successful performance and
task acquisition. Focusing on episodic memory performance, we: (1) tested two
hypotheses on the effects of novelty and task difficulty on strategy use, (2)
replicated our previous results regarding strategy use in a novel memory task,
and (3) evaluated whether repeated open-ended strategy queries affect task
performance and/or strategy use. The present pre-registered online study
comprised 161 adult participants who were recruited through the Prolific
crowdsourcing platform. We employed two separate 5-block list learning tasks,
one with 10 pseudowords and the other with 18 common nouns, and collected recall
performance and strategy reports for each block. Using Bayesian linear mixed
effects models, the present findings (1) provide some support for the hypothesis
that task-initial strategy development is not triggered only by task novelty,
but can appear also in a familiar, moderately demanding task; (2) replicate
earlier findings from an adaptive working memory task indicating strategy use
from the beginning of a task, associations between strategy use and objective
task performance, and only modest agreement between open-ended versus list-based
strategy reports; and (3) indicate that repeated open-ended strategy reports do
not affect objective recall. We conclude that strategy use is an important
aspect of memory performance right from the start of a task, and it undergoes
development at the initial stages depending on task characteristics. In a larger
perspective, the present results concur with the views of skill learning and
adaptivity in cognitive task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Waris
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,INVEST Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Fellman
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jylkkä
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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20
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Salmi J, Ritakallio L, Fellman D, Ellfolk U, Rinne JO, Laine M. Disentangling the Role of Working Memory in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:572037. [PMID: 33088273 PMCID: PMC7544957 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) represents a core cognitive function with a major striatal contribution, and thus WM deficits, commonly observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD), could also relate to many other problems in PD patients. Our online study aimed to determine the subdomains of WM that are particularly affected in PD and to clarify the links between WM and everyday cognitive deficits, other executive functions, psychiatric and PD symptoms, as well as early cognitive impairment. Fifty-two mild-to-moderate PD patients and 54 healthy controls performed seven WM tasks tapping selective updating, continuous monitoring, or maintenance of currently active information. Self-ratings of everyday cognition, depression, and apathy symptoms, as well as screenings of global cognitive impairment, were also collected. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Of the three WM domains, only selective updating was directly predictive of PD group membership. More widespread WM deficits were observed only in relation to global cognitive impairment in PD patients. Self-rated everyday cognition or psychiatric symptoms were not linked to WM performance but correlated with each other. Our findings suggest that WM has a rather limited role in the clinical manifestation of PD. Nevertheless, due to its elementary link to striatal function, the updating component of WM could be a candidate for a cognitive marker of PD also in patients who are otherwise cognitively well-preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Salmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ritakallio
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Fellman
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Applied Educational Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulla Ellfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Visby County Hospital, Visby, Sweden
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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21
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Guariglia P, Giaimo F, Palmiero M, Piccardi L. Normative data and validation of the Italian translation of the Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ). APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2020; 27:376-389. [PMID: 30760034 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1552147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Reliable and valid measures are necessary to assess subjective working memory complaints that can be distinct from objective memory performance. The Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ) is a self-administered scale proposed by Vallat-Azouvi. It assesses the three different working memory domains (memory storage, attention, and executive functions) in accordance with Baddeley's working memory model. Our aim was to propose an Italian translation of the WMQ and provide normative data. We collected normative data from 697 healthy Italian participants aged between 18 and 88 years. Percentiles and cutoff scores, taking into consideration age, gender, and education, were provided for the WMQ total scores and the three separate domains. The performance on the WMQ was influenced by age and education. In particular, age and education affected self-perceived working memory efficacy. Our data demonstrate a significant correlation between the WMQ and paper-and-pencil tests assessing working memory, attention, and executive functions. This study provides normative data that have been adjusted for relevant demographics and percentile grids in an Italian population. The results are in line with a previous French study that also supported the use of the WMQ as a valid prescreening instrument for working memory deficits in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Guariglia
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Uomo e della Società, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore," Enna, Italy
| | - Flavio Giaimo
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'Uomo e della Società, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore," Enna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Palmiero
- Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Piccardi
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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22
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Salehpour F, Hamblin MR, DiDuro JO. Rapid Reversal of Cognitive Decline, Olfactory Dysfunction, and Quality of Life Using Multi-Modality Photobiomodulation Therapy: Case Report. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 37:159-167. [PMID: 31050946 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We present a case report of reversal of cognitive impairment, olfactory dysfunction, and quality of life measures in a patient with cognitive decline after multi-modality photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Background: Transcranial and intranasal PBM has been introduced as a light-based therapeutic technique in which exposure to low levels of red to near-infrared (NIR) light stimulates neuronal function, leading to beneficial neurological effects. Materials and methods: Patient received twice-daily PBM therapy at home using three different wearable light-emitting diode (LED) devices. For the first week containing a mixture of continuous wave mode red (635 nm) and NIR (810 nm) LEDs, a prototype transcranial light helmet and a body pad were used. The body pad was placed on various areas on the lower back and the helmet was worn while seated. After the first week of treatment, an intranasal LED device, 10-Hz pulsed wave mode NIR (810 nm), was initiated in the left nostril twice daily. All three devices were applied simultaneously for an irradiation time of 25 min per session. Results: The patient showed a significant improvement in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score from 18 to 24 and in the Working Memory Questionnaire score from 53 to 10. The cognitive enhancement was accompanied by reversal of olfactory dysfunction as measured by the Alberta Smell Test and peanut butter odor detection test. Quality-of-life measures improved and caregiver stress was reduced. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: PBM therapy may be a promising noninvasive approach for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- 1 Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,3 ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- 4 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,5 Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph O DiDuro
- 3 ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, Arizona.,7 Neuropathy Treatment Centers of America LLC, Phoenix, Arizona
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23
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Salis C, Murray L, Vonk JMJ. Systematic review of subjective memory measures to inform assessing memory limitations after stroke and stroke-related aphasia. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 43:1488-1506. [PMID: 31559870 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1668485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Primary aims of this systematic review were to: (1) identify the range of subjective memory measures used in the stroke and stroke-related aphasia literature and (2) critically appraise their psychometric properties as well as (3) the methodological qualities of studies that included them, (4) investigate whether such measures provide an accurate reflection of memory impairments (i.e., in comparison to norms from age-matched, neurotypical participants), (5) document the representation of individuals with stroke-related aphasia, and (6) examine the extent to which subjective memory measures correlate with objective memory measures. METHODS Systematic review of the literature from 1970 to June 2019 using a comprehensive range of relevant search terms in EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria were for studies to include adults who had suffered of clinical stroke, to report a subjective memory measure that was completed by the stroke survivors, to be reported in a peer-reviewed journal, and to be published in English or Dutch. Quality appraisal was carried out for the included studies as well as the subjective memory measures they employed. RESULTS A total of 7,077 titles or abstracts were screened, with 41 studies included in the quantitative and qualitative synthesis. Twenty-six subjective memory measures were used in the included studies. The critical appraisal of their psychometric properties and the methodological quality of the included studies revealed significant shortcomings; for example, neurotypical participants were included in only 14 of the 41 studies. When statistical comparisons were made, different outcomes arose. Only eight studies statistically compared subjective with objective memory measures. CONCLUSIONS This literature domain currently provides an unclear picture as to how memory limitations affect participation in stroke and stroke-related aphasia.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONA broad range of subjective memory measures have been used to determine stroke survivors' perceptions of their everyday memory issues.Because of psychometric weaknesses such as inadequate reliability and cross-cultural validity among subjective memory measures, there remains a need to carefully review a given measure's properties to determine if it is appropriate for use with a given stroke survivor.Stroke survivors with aphasia have been infrequently included or inadequately described in studies of subjective memory measures, and thus how these individuals perceive their everyday memory abilities requires further investigation.Although the relationship between subjective and objective memory measures has been infrequently investigated by stroke researchers, both types of measures should be considered as they likely offer complementary rather than redundant information about stroke survivors' memory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Salis
- Speech and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Murray
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Measuring Self-Reported Cognitive Function Following TBI: Development of the TBI-QOL Executive Function and Cognition-General Concerns Item Banks. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2019; 34:308-325. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Zakariás L, Kelly H, Salis C, Code C. The Methodological Quality of Short-Term/Working Memory Treatments in Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:1979-2001. [PMID: 31120801 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this systematic review are to provide a critical overview of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) treatments in stroke aphasia and to systematically evaluate the internal and external validity of STM/WM treatments. Method A systematic search was conducted in February 2014 and then updated in December 2016 using 13 electronic databases. We provided descriptive characteristics of the included studies and assessed their methodological quality using the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials quantitative scale ( Tate et al., 2015 ), which was completed by 2 independent raters. Results The systematic search and inclusion/exclusion procedure yielded 17 single-case or case-series studies with 37 participants for inclusion. Nine studies targeted auditory STM consisting of repetition and/or recognition tasks, whereas 8 targeted attention and WM, such as attention process training including n-back tasks with shapes and clock faces as well as mental math tasks. In terms of their methodological quality, quality scores on the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials scale ranged from 4 to 17 ( M = 9.5) on a 0-30 scale, indicating a high risk of bias in the reviewed studies. Effects of treatment were most frequently assessed on STM, WM, and spoken language comprehension. Transfer effects on communication and memory in activities of daily living were tested in only 5 studies. Conclusions Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies make it difficult, at present, to draw firm conclusions about the effects of STM/WM treatments in poststroke aphasia. Further studies with more rigorous methodology and stronger experimental control are needed to determine the beneficial effects of this type of intervention. To understand the underlying mechanisms of STM/WM treatment effects and how they relate to language functioning, a careful choice of outcome measures and specific hypotheses about potential improvements on these measures are required. Future studies need to include outcome measures of memory functioning in everyday life and psychosocial functioning more generally to demonstrate the ecological validity of STM and WM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Zakariás
- Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helen Kelly
- Speech and Hearing Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Christos Salis
- Speech and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Code
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
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26
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Lesimple B, Caron E, Lefort M, Debarle C, Pélégrini-Issac M, Cassereau D, Delphine S, Torkomian G, Battisti V, Bossale P, Galanaud D, Puybasset L, Pradat-Diehl P, Perlbarg V. Long-term cognitive disability after traumatic brain injury: Contribution of the DEX relative questionnaires. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019; 30:1905-1924. [PMID: 31116085 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1618345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Executive functions are high-level cognitive processes commonly impaired after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), which may be associated with persistent anosognosia. The dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX) was designed to assess different domains of executive functioning in daily life. Two versions of the DEX exist (DEX-S completed by the patient, DEX-O completed by a relative) to compare cognitive complaints and patient's awareness. This work was aimed at studying the relevance of DEX-O for assessing daily-life limitations, the persistence of anosognosia and its association with global disability (GOSE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of brain alterations. Sixty-three patients (and relatives) were included within 63.4 months (±20.7) after sTBI. DEX-S and DEX-O scores were significantly positively correlated. We obtained significant correlations between DEX-S and episodic memory and phasic alert but not with executive assessment, GOSE and diffusion MRI markers. DEX-O was significantly correlated with executive function, episodic memory, attention (phasic alert sustained and divided attention), with the GOSE and the volume of the body of the corpus callosum (MRI marker). Anosognosia score (DEX-O minus DEX-S) correlated with mean diffusivity measure. These results highlight the clinical interest of DEX-O in assessing long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Lesimple
- AP-HP, Service de Neuroréanimation chirurgicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,SAMSAH La Note Bleue, Fondation Partage et Vie, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Caron
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,dSAMSAH -SAVS, Association Guyanaise contre les Maladies Neuromusculaires, Cayenne, France
| | - Muriel Lefort
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
| | - Clara Debarle
- GRC-Sorbonne Université n°18 HanCRe, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Cassereau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France.,ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Delphine
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris, IHU-A-ICM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Grégory Torkomian
- AP-HP, Service de Neuroréanimation chirurgicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Battisti
- AP-HP, Service de Neuroréanimation chirurgicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierrette Bossale
- AP-HP, Service de Neuroréanimation chirurgicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Damien Galanaud
- AP-HP, Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Louis Puybasset
- AP-HP, Service de Neuroréanimation chirurgicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Pradat-Diehl
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France.,GRC-Sorbonne Université n°18 HanCRe, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Perlbarg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Paris, France.,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, iCONICS, ICM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
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In de Braek D, Deckers K, Kleinhesselink T, Banning L, Ponds R. Working Memory Training in Professional Football Players: A Small-Scale Descriptive Feasibility Study-The Importance of Personality, Psychological Well-Being, and Motivational Factors. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7040089. [PMID: 31003397 PMCID: PMC6524465 DOI: 10.3390/sports7040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Working memory training (WMT) programs can improve working memory (WM). In football players, this could lead to improved performance on the pitch. Method: Eighteen professional football players of Maatschappelijke Voetbal Vereniging Maastricht (MVV) participated and followed an online, computerized WMT program. Neuropsychological performance, psychological wellbeing, self-efficacy, and football skills (Loughborough Soccer Passing Test; LSPT) were assessed at three time points, before and after WMT and at three-month follow-up. Descriptive data are reported. Results: Baseline characteristics were roughly similar for both groups. Participants performed better on the trained WM tasks, but performance for other neuropsychological test measures or the LSPT did not change. Low compliance rates were observed, showing differences in personality and well-being between compliers and non-compliers. Conclusions: WMT is not a feasible and effective strategy to improve non-trained cognitive measures and football performance. However, this study indicates that it is important to take individual characteristics into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymphie In de Braek
- Department of Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kay Deckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Timo Kleinhesselink
- Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, Sport en Bewegen, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie Banning
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rudolf Ponds
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht and Adelante, Rehabilitation Center, 6432 CC Hoensbroek, The Netherlands.
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Fellman D, Salmi J, Ritakallio L, Ellfolk U, Rinne JO, Laine M. Training working memory updating in Parkinson's disease: A randomised controlled trial. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018; 30:673-708. [PMID: 29968519 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1489860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontostriatal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) increases the risk for working memory (WM) impairment and depression, calling for counteractive measures. Computerised cognitive rehabilitation is a promising option, but targeted training protocols are lacking and lab-based training can be demanding due to the repeated visits. This study tested the feasibility and efficacy of home-based computerised training targeting mainly WM updating in PD. Fifty-two cognitively well-preserved PD patients were randomised to a WM training group and an active control group for five weeks of training (three 30-min sessions per week). WM training included three computerised adaptive WM tasks (two updating, one maintenance). The outcomes were examined pre- and post-training with trained and untrained WM tasks, tasks tapping other cognitive domains, and self-ratings of executive functioning and depression. Home-based training was feasible for the patients. The training group improved particularly on the updating training tasks, and showed posttest improvement on untrained WM tasks structurally similar to the trained ones. Moreover, their depression scores decreased compared to the controls. Our study indicates that patients with mild-to-moderate PD can self-administer home-based computerised WM training, and that they yield a similar transfer pattern to untrained WM tasks as has been observed in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fellman
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Salmi
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ulla Ellfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Expert Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Laine
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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29
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Meuris J, Leana C. The Price of Financial Precarity: Organizational Costs of Employees’ Financial Concerns. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2017.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jirs Meuris
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Carrie Leana
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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30
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Salis C, Murray L, Bakas K. An International Survey of Assessment Practices for Short-Term and Working Memory Deficits in Aphasia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2018; 27:574-591. [PMID: 29466549 DOI: 10.1044/2017_ajslp-17-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research has highlighted the clinical relevance of understanding the nature of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) deficits in persons with aphasia and the way these deficits affect linguistic processing and functional communication in activities of daily living. The psychometric properties of tests commonly used to identify STM/WM problems in individuals with aphasia, however, have been questioned. No previous study has sought to investigate assessment practices and attitudes by speech-language pathologists involved in aphasia management. Accordingly, the aims of this study were (a) to investigate both attitudes toward STM/WM assessment in individuals with aphasia, as well as the types and frequency of STM/WM tests used with individuals with aphasia, and (b) to explore factors (e.g., educational background) that may influence STM/WM assessment practices. METHOD Respondents recruited via professional and aphasia support organizations completed an online survey. The survey elicited information about the respondents' demographic and clinical backgrounds and STM/WM assessment clinical practices and views, including frequency and preferred use of specific STM/WM tests. RESULTS The majority of respondents reported regular use of STM/WM tests as part of aphasia management. Positive attitudes toward STM/WM assessments were also reported. The most popular rankings of tests were the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (Helm-Estabrooks, 2001), the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (Swinburn, Porter, & Howard, 2005), and the Token Test (McNeil & Prescott, 1978). Results suggested limited knowledge about measures that assess self-perceptions of functional memory abilities. Regression analyses showed that the frequency of reported STM/WM test use was similar between clinicians and dual-role researchers/clinicians, but their attitudes toward the value of STM/WM differed. U.S. and UK respondents reported similar assessment practices. CONCLUSIONS It is reassuring that STM/WM is taken into consideration by clinicians when providing aphasia management. Two of the most popular tests, however, have poor psychometric properties, and caution should be exercised in clinical decision making. The different value placed on STM/WM testing by clinicians and researchers/clinicians has implications for continuing professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Salis
- Speech & Language Sciences, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Murray
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, Elborn College, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katrina Bakas
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, OH
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Dodaj A, Krajina M, Sesar K, Šimić N. The Effects of Maltreatment in Childhood on Working Memory Capacity in Adulthood. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 13:618-632. [PMID: 29358978 PMCID: PMC5763453 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v13i4.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to research the relation between exposure to maltreatment in childhood and working memory capacity in adulthood. A survey among 376 females in the age between 16 and 67 was administered. Exposure to maltreatment in childhood (sexual, physical and psychological abuse, neglect and witnessing family violence) was assessed retrospectively using the Child Maltreatment Questionnaire (Karlović, Buljan-Flander, & Vranić, 2001), whilst the Working Memory Questionnaire (Vallat-Azouvi, Pradat-Diehl, & Azouvi, 2012) was used to assess working memory capacity (recalling verbal information, numerical information, attention ability and executive functioning). The results suggest a significantly greater prevalence of physical abuse and witnessing family violence in comparison to other forms of maltreatment in childhood. Psychological abuse and witnessing family violence have shown themselves to be statistically significant predictors for deficits in total working memory capacity, verbal recall and attention ability. The results suggest that traumatic experiences during childhood, such as abuse, may trigger particular cognitive changes which may be reflected in adulthood. It is, therefore, exceedingly important to conduct further research in order to contribute to the understanding of the correlation between cognitive difficulties and maltreatment in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arta Dodaj
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Marijana Krajina
- Department of Psychology, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kristina Sesar
- Centre of Mental Health, Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Šimić
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
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Vallat-Azouvi C, Paillat C, Bercovici S, Morin B, Paquereau J, Charanton J, Ghout I, Azouvi P. Subjective complaints after acquired brain injury: presentation of the Brain Injury Complaint Questionnaire (BICoQ). J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:601-611. [PMID: 28976025 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to present a new complaint questionnaire designed to assess a wide range of difficulties commonly reported by patients with acquired brain injury. Patients (n = 619) had been referred to a community re-entry service at a chronic stage after brain injury, mainly traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Brain Injury Complaint Questionnaire (BICoQ) includes 25 questions in the following domains: cognition, behavior, fatigue and sleep, mood, and somatic problems. A self and a proxy questionnaire were given. An additional question was given to the relative, about the patient's awareness of his difficulties. The questionnaires had a good internal coherence, as measured with Cronbach's alpha. The most frequent complaints were, in decreasing order, mental slowness, memory troubles, fatigue, concentration difficulties, anxiety, and dual tasking problems. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded six underlying factors explaining 50.5% of total variance: somatic concerns, cognition, and lack of drive, lack of control, psycholinguistic disorders, mood, and mental fatigue/slowness. About 52% of patients reported fewer complaints than their proxy, suggesting lack of awareness. The total complaint scores were not significantly correlated with any injury severity measure, but were significantly correlated with disability and poorer quality of life (Note: only factor 2 [cognition/lack of drive] was significantly related to disability.) The BICoQ is a simple scale that can be used in addition to traditional clinical and cognitive assessment measures, and to assess awareness of everyday life problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vallat-Azouvi
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, EA 2027, Université Paris 8, Saint-Denis, France.,Antenne UEROS-UGECAMIF, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches
| | | | | | | | - Julie Paquereau
- Antenne UEROS-UGECAMIF, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Garches
| | - James Charanton
- Centre Ressource Francilien du Traumatisme Crânien (CRFTC), Paris
| | - Idir Ghout
- APHP - Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Unité de Recherche Clinique (URC), Boulogne
| | - Philippe Azouvi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Garches.,EA 4047 HANDIReSP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin
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Vallat-Azouvi C, Dana-Gordon C, Mazaux JM, Ponsford J, Azouvi P. Psychometric properties of the French version of the Rating Scale of Attentional Behaviour. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2017; 29:1149-1162. [PMID: 28967293 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1372296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Rating Scale of Attentional Behaviour (RSAB) was devised by Ponsford and Kinsella to assess the impact of attentional impairments on everyday behaviour. The scale includes 14 items. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a French translation of the RSAB. A sample of 196 healthy participants and 27 patients with chronic acquired brain injury was included. For healthy participants, both self and a relative's ratings were independently recorded. For the patients, a therapist's rating was obtained in addition. The scale showed good internal consistency. A mild significant effect of education duration was found in the healthy control group. Principal component analysis in healthy participants (self-assessment) yielded three underlying factors accounting for 58.2% of the variance. The scale was able to adequately discriminate patients from healthy controls. The area under the ROC curve was 0.76 both for self- and proxy ratings. In the patient group, the item related to fatigue was the one that obtained the highest ranking. RSAB ratings were poorly related to neuropsychological testing, but proxy ratings were significantly correlated with other questionnaires assessing cognitive failures, mood and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vallat-Azouvi
- a Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et de Neuropsychologie , EA 2027 Saint-Denis , France.,b Antenne UEROS-UGECAM IDF , Hôpital Raymond Poincaré , Garches , France.,c EA 4047 HANDIReSP , Université de Versailles - Saint-Quentin , Garches , France
| | - Clémence Dana-Gordon
- d EA 4136 HACS Handicap Activité Cognition Santé , Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | - Jean-Michel Mazaux
- d EA 4136 HACS Handicap Activité Cognition Santé , Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux , France
| | - Jennie Ponsford
- e School of Psychological Sciences , Monash University and Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Philippe Azouvi
- c EA 4047 HANDIReSP , Université de Versailles - Saint-Quentin , Garches , France.,f Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation , Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré , Garches , France
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34
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Lange M, Heutte N, Morel N, Eustache F, Joly F, Giffard B. Cognitive complaints in cancer: The French version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog), normative data from a healthy population. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2015; 26:392-409. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1036890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Hellgren L, Samuelsson K, Lundqvist A, Börsbo B. Computerized Training of Working Memory for Patients with Acquired Brain Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojtr.2015.32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Azouvi P, Vallat-Azouvi C, Millox V, Darnoux E, Ghout I, Azerad S, Ruet A, Bayen E, Pradat-Diehl P, Aegerter P, Weiss JJ, Jourdan C. Ecological validity of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire: Results from the PariS-TBI study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2014; 25:864-78. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2014.990907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wilson TD, Reinhard DA, Westgate EC, Gilbert DT, Ellerbeck N, Hahn C, Brown CL, Shaked A. Social psychology. Just think: the challenges of the disengaged mind. Science 2014; 345:75-7. [PMID: 24994650 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 11 studies, we found that participants typically did not enjoy spending 6 to 15 minutes in a room by themselves with nothing to do but think, that they enjoyed doing mundane external activities much more, and that many preferred to administer electric shocks to themselves instead of being left alone with their thoughts. Most people seem to prefer to be doing something rather than nothing, even if that something is negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - David A Reinhard
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Erin C Westgate
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel T Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Ellerbeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Cheryl Hahn
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Casey L Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Adi Shaked
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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38
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Vallat-Azouvi C, Pradat-Diehl P, Azouvi P. Modularity in rehabilitation of working memory: A single-case study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2014; 24:220-37. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2014.881294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Carlozzi NE, Grech J, Tulsky DS. Memory functioning in individuals with traumatic brain injury: An examination of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS–IV). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:906-14. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.833178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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