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Asami M, Furuhashi Y, Nakamura Y, Sasaki Y, Adachi Y, Maeda N, Matsui Y. A field survey on elution of lead and nickel from taps used in homes and analysis of product test results. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144979. [PMID: 33736143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elution of lead, and nickel from water supply devices into water is a potential health concern. This study was performed to examine the actual concentrations of nickel and lead in the water from taps in homes and offices, focusing on the differences between first flush and fully flushed water. The water quality management target value and water quality standard in Japan specify nickel and lead concentrations in drinking water <20 and <10 μg/L, respectively. Nickel concentration in the first flush water (100 mL) from 110 household taps revealed 22 cases (20%) > 20 μg/L, while the fully flushed water satisfied the standard after running 5000 mL of water. The nickel concentration decreased gradually in sequential sampling of each 100 mL from the taps. Lead concentration in the first flush water exceeded the standard in 32 cases (29%), while the fully flushed water was below the target value. The concentration in the first flush water tended to decrease with time since the tap installation, and this was significant after 10 years for nickel but not significant for lead. It is important to flush retained water out of the tap after several hours without use. No significant correlation was found with the volume of the test faucet in the market, but bronze-based products showed higher nickel concentrations than brass and plastic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Asami
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
| | | | - Yuji Nakamura
- Water Supply and Sewage Bureau, Mito City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaki
- Water Supply and Sewage Bureau, Morioka City, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshio Adachi
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
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Alias C, Benassi L, Bertazzi L, Sorlini S, Volta M, Gelatti U. Environmental exposure and health effects in a highly polluted area of Northern Italy: a narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4555-4569. [PMID: 30617888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Human health and well-being are strongly linked to the state of the environment. The high industrial pressure present in the Province of Brescia, located in Northern Italy, produced strong environmental and health concerns. This narrative review of the literature aims at identifying the studies focused on the association between exposure to environmental pollutants and health effects in the population living in this area. Thirteen papers fitted the inclusion criteria: five were focused on the connection among pollutants present in air matrix and health effects, seven on both air and soil, and one on soil. No study investigated the relationship with water pollution. The great variability in the analyzed end-points made it difficult to draw precise conclusions, but the fact that, in almost all the studies, the investigated health effects have a positive association with the exposure to different kinds of pollutants, allows us to hypothesize that the considered population is living in an area where the "environmental pressure" could produce significant health effects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Alias
- B+LabNet - Environmental Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Laura Benassi
- B+LabNet - Environmental Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Bertazzi
- B+LabNet - Environmental Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Contrada Santa Chiara 50, 25122, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sorlini
- B+LabNet - Environmental Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Volta
- B+LabNet - Environmental Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- B+LabNet - Environmental Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Influence of an Extended Domestic Drinking Water System on the Drinking Water Quality. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Annibaldi A, Illuminati S, Truzzi C, Scarponi G. Heavy Metals in Spring and Bottled Drinking Waters of Sibylline Mountains National Park (Central Italy). J Food Prot 2018; 81:295-301. [PMID: 29369686 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, lead, and copper) in spring, tap, and bottled waters of the Sibylline Mountains National Park (central Italy) were investigated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry from 2004 to 2011. The mean (±SD) concentrations detected (1.3 ± 0.4 ng L-1 cadmium, 14 ± 6 ng L-1 lead, and 0.16 ± 0.10 μg L-1 copper) were below the limits stipulated by Italian and European legislation for drinking and natural mineral water. In the three studied areas of the park (Mount Bove north, Mount Bove south, and springs of River Nera) with very few exceptions, both mineral waters bottled in the area and aqueduct waters from public fountains had approximately the same metal concentrations as did the spring waters from which they were derived. Conversely, substantially higher metal concentrations were found at some sites in private houses, which may be due to release of metals from old metal pipes. At the time of this study, waters of Sibylline Mountains National Park were of good quality, and no influence of the bottling process on heavy metal concentrations was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Illuminati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scarponi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Zlatanović L, van der Hoek JP, Vreeburg JHG. An experimental study on the influence of water stagnation and temperature change on water quality in a full-scale domestic drinking water system. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:761-772. [PMID: 28732329 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The drinking water quality changes during the transport through distribution systems. Domestic drinking water systems (DDWSs), which include the plumbing between the water meter and consumer's taps, are the most critical points in which water quality may be affected. In distribution networks, the drinking water temperature and water residence time are regarded as indicators of the drinking water quality. This paper describes an experimental research on the influence of stagnation time and temperature change on drinking water quality in a full-scale DDWS. Two sets of stagnation experiments, during winter and summer months, with various stagnation intervals (up to 168 h of stagnation) were carried out. Water and biofilms were sampled at two different taps, a kitchen and a shower tap. Results from this study indicate that temperature and water stagnation affect both chemical and microbial quality in DDWSs, whereas microbial parameters in stagnant water appear to be driven by the temperature of fresh water. Biofilm formed in the shower pipe contained more total and intact cells than the kitchen pipe biofilm. Alphaproteobacteria were found to dominate in the shower biofilm (78% of all Proteobacteria), while in the kitchen tap biofilm Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were evenly distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lj Zlatanović
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - J P van der Hoek
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, Delft, The Netherlands; Waternet, Strategic Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J H G Vreeburg
- Wageningen University, Sub- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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Zhou X, Zhang K, Zhang T, Li C, Mao X. An ignored and potential source of taste and odor (T&O) issues—biofilms in drinking water distribution system (DWDS). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3537-3550. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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