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Clinical relevance of vascular endothelial growth factor type A (VEGFA) and VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) gene polymorphism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 54:139-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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2
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Aref S, El-Sherbiny M, Azmy E, Goda T, Selim T, El-Refaie M, Twafik E. Elevated serum endostatin levels are associated with favorable outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2013; 13:95-100. [DOI: 10.1179/102453308x315898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aref
- Mansoura Cancer Institute; Mansoura Faculty of MedicineMansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - E. Azmy
- Mansoura Cancer Institute; Mansoura Faculty of MedicineMansoura University, Egypt
| | - T. Goda
- Internal Medicine DepartmentMansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - T. Selim
- Mansoura Cancer Institute; Mansoura Faculty of MedicineMansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - E. Twafik
- Mansoura Cancer Institute; Mansoura Faculty of MedicineMansoura University, Egypt
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3
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Angiogenic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2012; 36:1211-7. [PMID: 22727510 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex process controlled by the balance of a large number of regulating factors, the pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Dysregulation of angiogenesis occurs in various pathologies and is one of the hallmarks for cancer. Recent emphasis on the microenvironment's influence in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) progression and drug resistance nurtures the interest in angiogenesis. Researchers have already identified a variety of angiogenic factors involved in the CLL, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), angiopoietin-2(Ang-2), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), as well as extracellular proteinases such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Besides modulating neovascularization, angiogenic factors also participate in the regulation of pro-survival effects of CLL cells. However, the precise mechanism involved still needs to be elucidated further. At present, the levels of some angiogenic factors are regarded as prognostic markers of the progression of CLL, although it is not widely used. Several anti-VEGF agents are currently under clinical trial. Advances in the understanding of the bases of angiogenesis regulators will be benefit for the comprehension of CLL pathogenesis and help to conquer the disease.
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4
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Okur FV, Karadeniz C, Buyukpamukcu M, Oguz A, Yucel A, Cinaz P, Emir S, Varan A. Clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor, endostatin, and leptin levels in children with lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:1272-7. [PMID: 20734403 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of clinical studies conducted in adults have demonstrated the prognostic significance of angiogenic factors in malignancies, however, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in children. The aim of this study was to determine serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin, and leptin levels in children with lymphoma and to investigate whether these factors provide prognostic information. PROCEDURE Serum samples from 36 children with lymphoma (non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) N = 21, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) N = 15) were collected at diagnosis and during remission. Serum samples were also collected from 18 healthy children as the control group. Serum VEGF and endostatin levels were quantified by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum leptin by immunoradiometric assay. RESULTS The serum VEGF levels were found elevated in patients compared to controls (P = 0.033), while endostatin and leptin levels were lower in patients than in controls (endostatin, 43.9 ± 5.8 ng/ml vs. 123.6 ± 13.5 ng/ml, P < 0.001; leptin, 5 ± 1.5 ng/ml vs. 6.7 ± 1.2 ng/ml, P = 0.013). VEGF levels declined (pre, 151.6 ± 55.9 pg/ml vs. post, 16.2 ± 7.9 pg/ml, P = 0.041), while endostatin and leptin levels increased in patients who achieved remission (33 of 36 patients) when compared to pre-treatment levels (endostatin pre, 43.1 ± 5.9 ng/ml vs. post, 65.9 ± 6.8 ng/ml, P = 0.047; leptin, pre, 5.3 ± 1.6 ng/ml vs. post, 9.8 ± 2.7 ng/ml, P = 0.012). Serum VEGF, endostatin, and leptin levels were not predictive of survival. CONCLUSION Serial measurement of serum VEGF, endostatin, and leptin levels could potentially be used to predict response to treatment or progressive disease in children with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Visal Okur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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5
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Tang JH, Zhao JH, Lu JW, Yan F, Qin JW, Xu B. Circulating levels of angiogenic cytokines in advanced breast cancer patients with system chemotherapy and their potential value in monitoring disease course. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 137:55-63. [PMID: 20221635 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The low-dose metronomic chemotherapy was reported to inhibit directly tumor angiogenesis or VEGF secretion. The study aimed to seek for this effect of system chemotherapy by observing the changes in serum levels of angiogenic cytokines during treatment and assessing their value in monitoring the advanced breast cancer. METHODS In sixty-one patients with advanced breast cancer, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES) were compared at baseline (B0), after one cycle (B1), after 3 cycles (B3), and after 5-6 cycles (B5-6) of system chemotherapy using a quantitative ELISA. Data were correlated with treatment response and total survival. RESULTS The response to chemotherapy did not correlate with serum VEGF level before therapy or after one cycle, but the changes in VEGF levels after 3 cycles and 5-6 cycles showed good association with clinical responses, i.e., the patients with disease control had a decreased VEGF value, whereas the progressive patients had an increased value. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that a normalized VEGF level after therapy and an increase in VEGF level after 5-6 cycles were independent predictors for survival. CONCLUSIONS System chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer lead to a significant decrease in serum VEGF level in patients with disease control, and this anti-VEGF efficacy may be mainly due to the reduction in tumor burden. Sequential measurement of serum VEGF could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baziting 42, 210009 Nanjing, China
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6
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Szmigielska-Kapłon A, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Góra-Tybor J, Błonski JZ, Lech-Marańda E, Kordek R, Kasznicki M, Robak T. Influence of cladribine alone and in combinaton with cyclophosphamide or cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone on bone marrow angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 48:1042-4. [PMID: 17487753 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701243455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Smolej L, Kasparová P. Choice of endothelial marker is crucial for assessment of bone marrow microvessel density in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. APMIS 2009; 116:1058-62. [PMID: 19133008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a potential prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Elevated circulating levels of angiogenic factors in CLL have been repeatedly reported. Nevertheless, the issue of bone marrow neovascularization in CLL remains controversial, partly due to limited number of published studies, different methods of assessing microvessel density (MVD) and small patient cohorts. Moreover, there are very scarce data regarding the relationship of marrow angiogenesis to prognostic markers in CLL. Our objectives were: 1. To assess bone marrow MVD in CLL using two different monoclonal antibodies and a reproducible method of MVD quantification; 2. To examine the possible association of marrow MVD and clinical course, pattern of marrow infiltration, Rai stage, cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and mutation status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH). MVD was higher using CD34 vs vWF antibody (p<0.0001). However, no MVD differences were detected between CLL subgroups subdivided according to the above-mentioned prognostic factors. In conclusion, MVD assessment using anti-CD34 resulted in higher MVD counts than when using anti-vWF antibody. No association of MVD with any prognostic factors was observed, possibly due to the limited patient cohort. As the need for bone marrow trephine biopsies in CLL is significantly decreasing, a standardized method of neovascularization assessment is required to enable possible multicentre studies in order to conduct larger investigations and thereby shed more light on the real clinical significance of bone marrow angiogenesis in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Smolej
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital and Medical School, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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8
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Gora-Tybor J, Jamroziak K, Szmigielska-Kaplon A, Krawczynska A, Lech-Maranda E, Wierzbowska A, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Blonski JZ, Robak T. Evaluation of circulating endothelial cells as noninvasive marker of angiogenesis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 50:62-7. [PMID: 19125384 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802549883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An increased angiogenesis has been documented in bone marrow and lymph nodes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There is accumulating evidence that circulating endothelial cells (CECs) play an important role in angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to compare the number of CECs in peripheral blood of CLL patients and healthy donors and to correlate these numbers with bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) and known prognostic factors in CLL. Proportions of resting CECs (rCECs), activated CECs (aCECs), apoptotic CECs (apoCECs) and circulating precursor endothelial cells (CPECs) were estimated by flow cytometry in 104 untreated CLL patients and 29 healthy blood donors. The MVD was analysed in the bone marrow biopsy in 21 CLL patients and 11 controls using the 'hot spot analysis' of vessels' density (x200 HPS). We found significantly higher numbers of CPECs, rCECs, aCECs and apoCECs in CLL patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Furthermore, the rCECs number was higher in advanced versus low clinical stage CLL (median 17.5 cells/microL vs. 13.5 cells/microL, p = 0.05). The MVD was significantly higher in the bone marrow of CLL patients when compared with controls (p = 0.016). However, we did not find any correlation between MVD and different CECs populations. In conclusion, the number of CECs is increased in CLL and correlates with stage of the disease, but does not seem to directly reflect the intensity of neovascularisaton in the bone marrow.
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9
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Van Bockstaele F, Verhasselt B, Philippé J. Prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A comprehensive review. Blood Rev 2009; 23:25-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Aref S, El-Sherbiny M, Azmy E, Goda T, Selim T, El-Refaie M, Emaad T. Elevated serum endostatin levels is associated with favorable outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2008; 24:1-6. [PMID: 23100932 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-008-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endostatin is the C-terminal antiangiogenic fragment of the extracellular matrix protein collagen XVIII, and is generated by tumor-derived proteases. The levels and the prognostic relevance of serum endostatin in AML patient is not fully clear. AIM To evaluate serum levels of endostatin in acute myeloid leukemia patients before chemotherapy and after achieving complete remission and to correlate endostatin levels with patients outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples from 30 adult patients (22 males and 8 females, median age 37, range 19-66 years) with AML had been taken before chemotherapy was administered. In addition 20 out of 30 patients were reinvestigated again at complete remission (CR). Ten samples from healthy normal persons of matched age and sex were evaluated as a reference control group. Serum endostatin levels were determined using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Endostatin serum levels were not significantly different in the pretreatment AML patients as compared to that in normal controls (P>0.05). In AML patients the baseline endostatin levels were significantly lower than at CR (P=0.001). No significant correlation were detected between pretreatment serum endostatin levels and age, peripheral blood white cell counts, platelet counts, bone marrow blast cell counts, blast cell distribution ratio. The prognostic value of sE was also evaluated by dividing AML patients into high and low sE groups using the 75 percentile sE levels of the patients group as cutoff. The authors found that patients group in the high sE group survived for significantly longer time than those patients in the low sE group. CONCLUSIONS Elevated endostatin levels at AML diagnosis is a good prognostic marker for patients' outcome. Wide scale study is recommended in order to establish the clinical value of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aref
- Mansoura Cancer Institute, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Circulating endothelial cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2008; 87:369-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Letilovic T, Vrhovac R, Verstovsek S, Jaksic B, Ferrajoli A. Role of angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 2006; 107:925-34. [PMID: 16832815 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiologic process of new blood vessels formation mediated by various cytokines called angiogenic and angiostatic factors. Although its potential pathophysiologic role in solid tumors has been extensively studied for more than 3 decades, enhancement of angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other malignant hematological disorders has been recognized more recently. An increased level of angiogenesis has been documented by various experimental methods both in bone marrow and lymph nodes of patients with CLL. Although the role of angiogenesis in the pathophysiology of this disease remains to be fully elucidated, experimental data suggest that several angiogenic factors play a role in the disease progression. Biologic markers of angiogenesis were also shown to be of prognostic relevance in CLL. The current findings provide the rationale for investigating antiangiogenic agents in CLL. In the current review angiogenesis in CLL is discussed and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/analysis
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism
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13
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Schneider P, Vasse M, Corbière C, Legrand E, Marie-Cardine A, Boquet C, Cazin L, Vannier JP. Endostatin variations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--comparison with basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Leuk Res 2006; 31:629-38. [PMID: 17011029 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were previously studied in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) but little is known concerning the anti-angiogenic response in ALL. At diagnosis, the plasma levels of the anti-angiogenic factor endostatin were significantly higher in 33 children with ALL than in controls (median values 17.7 and 7.6 ng/ml, respectively, p=0.0192) but no relationship was observed with plasma bFGF or VEGF levels. The highest levels were observed in patients with an hyperdiploïd karyotype. Expression of mRNA for collagen XVIII/endostatin in lymphoblasts was detected in 19/24 cases but protein secretion was found only in 14/28 supernatants of cultured lymphoblasts. No direct relationship appeared between secretion of endostatin by lymphoblasts and plasma levels. In addition, endostatin levels remained elevated in remission, suggesting that endostatin could have a stromal origin as well. No prognostic value of plasma endostatin could be assessed. In conclusion, the present data indicate that an anti-angiogenic response is observed in some ALL children, but its physiopathological importance remains to be established.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Endostatins/genetics
- Endostatins/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Hepatomegaly
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Infant
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/urine
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Remission Induction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schneider
- Groupe de recherche MERCI, Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie, CHU Charles Nicolle, Laboratoire d'Hématolologie Publique, 1 rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
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14
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Wołowiec D, Dybko J, Wróbel T, Urbaniak-Kujda D, Jaźwiec B, Tomaszewska-Toporska B, Kapelko-Słowik K, Potoczek S, Kuliczkowski K. Circulating sCD138 and some angiogenesis-involved cytokines help to anticipate the disease progression of early-stage B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2006:42394. [PMID: 16951490 PMCID: PMC1592593 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/42394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a transmembrane heparin sulfate proteoglycan
expressed on distinct stages of differentiation of B-lymphoid
cells. Its prognostic value in B-cell chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (B-CLL) has not been evaluated so far. The serum
concentration of sCD138 and some angiogenesis-involved cytokines:
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basis fibroblast growth
factor (bFGF), and endostatin were studied in 52 previously
untreated patients with B-CLL. We found that bFGF and sCD138
levels were significantly higher in B-CLL patients than in
controls. In patients with sCD138 level or endostatin level below
the median value the lymphocyte count was higher than in patients
with serum level of those cytokines above the median value. In
patients with progressive disease bFGF level was significantly
higher and sCD138 level significantly lower than in patients with
stable one. Moreover, high sCD138 level was associated with longer
lymphocyte doubling-free survival, and, on the limit of
statistical significance, a high endostatin level was associated
with shorter progression-free survival. We conclude that serum
sCD138 level is increased in early stage B-CLL patients and may
have a positive prognostic value as to the dynamics of the
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wołowiec
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- *Dariusz Wołowiec:
| | - Jarosław Dybko
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Donata Urbaniak-Kujda
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Jaźwiec
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Stanisław Potoczek
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
- Department of Hematology, Wrocław Medical University, Pasteura 4, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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Romanov VV, James CH, Sherrington PD, Pettitt AR. Basic fibroblast growth factor suppresses p53 activation in the neoplastic cells of a proportion of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncogene 2005; 24:6855-60. [PMID: 16103882 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
p53 is the most frequently inactivated gene in human cancers, reflecting its pivotal role in maintaining genomic integrity. The present study was conducted to explore the possibility that tumour cells with no intrinsic defects of the p53 pathway might nevertheless acquire p53 dysfunction through extrinsic suppression of the pathway by microenvironmental factors. Neoplastic cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were cultured in the presence or absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) to induce p53 accumulation. bFGF is greatly increased in the plasma of CLL patients and can suppress p53 activation in some experimental models. IR induced a marked increase in p53 levels in 28 samples from 24 patients. bFGF inhibited IR-induced p53 accumulation to some extent in most of these samples and by more than 50% in seven samples from seven patients. Suppression of p53 activation by bFGF was frequently but not always accompanied by upregulation of the p53-inhibitory protein MDM2 and/or phosphorylation of MDM2 at serine 166, and was associated with impaired transcriptional activation of the p53 target gene p21. These observations provide the first demonstration in human cancer cells that the p53 pathway can be suppressed by factors in the tumour-cell microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Romanov
- Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Level 2 Ducan Building, Prescot Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L7 8XP, UK
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Takeshita S, Kawamura Y, Takabayashi H, Yoshida N, Nonoyama S. Imbalance in the production between vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:575-9. [PMID: 15730405 PMCID: PMC1809306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether an imbalance exists in the production between angiogenic and antiangiogenic growth factors in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), we measured the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES) in 35 patients with KD, 15 patients with acute febrile diseases (disease controls) and 15 healthy children. KD patients had significantly higher VEGF levels and lower ES levels (P < 0.01) in the acute and subacute phases than the disease control and healthy children. KD patients with coronary artery lesions (CAL, n = 10) had significantly higher VEGF levels and lower ES levels (P < 0.05) in the subacute and convalescent phases than those without CAL (n = 25). The ratios of VEGF/ES in sera of KD patients with CAL were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the acute and convalescent phases compared to those without CAL. Furthermore, the occurrence of CAL significantly correlated with the VEGF/ES ratio above 10 x 10(-3) in the subacute phase of KD (Odds ratio 17.25, P = 0.005). The findings in the present study indicate that an imbalance exists in the production between VEGF and ES in patients with KD while also suggesting that KD patients with a high VEGF/ES ratio have a significantly greater risk of CAL involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takeshita
- University of Shizuoka, Junior college, Shizuoka, Japan.
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17
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Miyake K, Inokuchi K, Miyake N, Dan K, Shimada T. Antiangiogenic gene therapy of myeloproliferative disease developed in transgenic mice expressing P230 bcr/abl. Gene Ther 2004; 12:541-5. [PMID: 15616602 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic gene therapy offers an attractive approach to the treatment of a variety of malignancies, including those of the hematological system. However, evaluation of this approach has been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models. We have recently produced transgenic mice expressing P230 bcr/abl that develop myeloproliferative disease (MPD) closely resembling human chronic myelogenous leukemia. Using this MPD murine model, we examined the feasibility of systemic antiangiogenic gene therapy for hematological malignancy. An adenoviral vector containing the secretable endostatin gene was injected into the right quadriceps muscle of the MPD mice. The increased endostatin level was detected for at least 6 months. Hematological parameters including platelet counts, granulocyte counts, and the hemoglobin concentration were improved by this gene therapy. Infiltration of megakaryocytes was also significantly inhibited in treated MPD mice. Reduction of the microvessel density was confirmed by histological examination. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that antiangiogenic gene therapy is effective to inhibit leukemogenesis caused by expression of the chimeric bcr/abl gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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