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Wu XY, Song HB, Wang JW. The association between leptin and diabetes: A meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:1126-1131. [PMID: 38594218 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study object was to determine the relationship between leptin and diabetes. METHODS We searched for the literature on the relationship between leptin and diabetes from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. We carried out the meta-analysis by calculating the Std. Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to study the relationship between leptin and diabetes. We performed the Chi-square-based Q test and I2 statistics to evaluate the potential heterogeneity, and the sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the stability of our results. Moreover, Begg's test was performed to evaluate the publication bias. RESULTS There are 10 studies in this study for meta-analysis, which include 1879 patients (diabetic (n = 1024); and nondiabetic patients (n = 855)). The results indicated that the levels of serum leptin were significantly increased in patients with diabetes (SMD = 1.78, 95% CI [0.81, 2.76]), especially those with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with controls (SMD = 3.03, 95% CI [1.21, 4.86]). However, the results showed that there was no difference in serum leptin levels between type 2 diabetes and controls (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI [-1.06, 1.74]). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicated that the levels of serum leptin were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes especially those with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Han-Bing Song
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Adiga U, Banawalikar N, Mayur S, Bansal R, Ameera N, Rao S. Association of insulin resistance and leptin receptor gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:383-388. [PMID: 33660621 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the pattern of leptin receptor gene polymorphism Gln223Arg in T2DM and to identify its association with the serum leptin and insulin levels as well as with insulin resistance in diabetes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, genotyping of leptin receptor was done for Gln223Arg alleles by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 39 patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum leptin and insulin levels were assayed using enzyme linked sorbent assay in 39 cases and 45 nondiabetic controls. Insulin resistance was calculated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Statistical analysis was performed with Graph pad Instat version 3. RESULTS Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene variants showed that alleles were in equilibrium. Leptin levels were insignificantly low in patients with diabetes compared to those in controls. Women in the control group showed significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.05) compared with men. There was a significant difference in the serum insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) among patients with different genotypes (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0378, respectively). CONCLUSION Leptin receptor gene polymorphism affected glucose metabolism by altering insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cells. Thus, single-nucleotide polymorphism of LEPR may affect the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Adiga
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandit Banawalikar
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sriprajna Mayur
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika Bansal
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nafeesath Ameera
- Central Research Laboratory, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhindra Rao
- Department of Medicine, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE-Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kim HG, Jin SW, Kim YA, Khanal T, Lee GH, Kim SJ, Rhee SD, Chung YC, Hwang YJ, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Leptin induces CREB-dependent aromatase activation through COX-2 expression in breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:232-241. [PMID: 28571770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leptin plays a key role in the control of adipocyte formation, as well as in the associated regulation of energy intake and expenditure. The goal of this study was to determine if leptin-induced aromatase enhances estrogen production and induces tumor cell growth stimulation. To this end, breast cancer cells were incubated with leptin in the absence or presence of inhibitor pretreatment, and changes in aromatase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels. Transient transfection assays were performed to examine the aromatase and COX-2 gene promoter activities and immunoblot analysis was used to examine protein expression. Leptin induced aromatase expression, estradiol production, and promoter activity in breast cancer cells. Protein levels of phospho-STAT3, PKA, Akt, ERK, and JNK were increased by leptin. Leptin also significantly increased cAMP levels, cAMP response element (CRE) activation, and CREB phosphorylation. In addition, leptin induced COX-2 expression, promoter activity, and increased the production of prostaglandin E2. Finally, a COX-2 inhibitor and aromatase inhibitor suppressed leptin-induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Together, our data show that leptin increased aromatase expression in breast cancer cells, which was correlated with COX-2 upregulation, mediated through CRE activation and cooperation among multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department Research Planning Team, Mokpo Marine Food-industry Research Center, Mokpo, Republic of Korea; Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong An Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tilak Khanal
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Dal Rhee
- Research Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Division of Bio & Drug Discovery, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Food Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jung Hwang
- Department of Food Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Tseng PW, Wu DA, Hou JS, Hsu BG. Leptin is an independent marker of metabolic syndrome in elderly adults with type 2 diabetes. Tzu Chi Med J 2017; 29:109-114. [PMID: 28757776 PMCID: PMC5509196 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_31_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well established that patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) demonstrate elevated levels of serum leptin. The aim of this study is to identify fasting serum leptin as an independent marker of MetS in geriatric diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four patients over 65 years old with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) were assessed for MetS based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Fasting blood samples including serum leptin concentrations were obtained from the participants. Leptin levels were determined using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Forty-five (70.3%) of the 64 geriatric T2DM patients enrolled in this study were found to have MetS. This group of participants compared with those in the non-MetS group had higher serum levels of leptin (P = 0.004), triglycerides (P = 0.005), fasting glucose (P = 0.049), glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.016), white blood cells (P = 0.003), C-reactive protein (CRP, P = 0.028), insulin (P < 0.001), higher homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance values (HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR, both P < 0.001), a higher body weight (P = 0.024), body mass index (P < 0.001), body fat mass (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (P < 0.001), diastolic BP (P < 0.001), percentage of women (P = 0.011), prevalence of hypertension (P = 0.042), and a lower level of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001). Univariate linear analysis of the clinical variables associated with the fasting serum leptin level revealed that height (P = 0.020) had a negative correlation, while body fat mass (P < 0.001) and logarithmically transformed CRP (log-CRP, P < 0.001) had positive correlations with serum leptin levels. Multivariate forward step-wise linear regression analysis of the variables significantly associated with fasting serum leptin levels showed that body fat mass (P < 0.001) and log-CRP (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of these values. CONCLUSION Serum leptin is positively correlated with MetS. It serves as an independent marker of MetS in elderly patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Tseng
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Du-An Wu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sian Hou
- Department of Nursing, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Ban B, Bai B, Zhang M, Hu J, Ramanjaneya M, Tan BK, Chen J. Low serum cartonectin/CTRP3 concentrations in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: in vivo regulation of cartonectin by glucose. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112931. [PMID: 25409499 PMCID: PMC4237345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cartonectin is a novel adipokine of the C1q complement/TNF-related protein (CTRP) superfamily, with glucose lowering effects, anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective properties. We sought to investigate circulating cartonectin concentrations in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as age and BMI matched control subjects. We also examined the effects of a 2 hour 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum cartonectin concentrations in T2DM subjects. DESIGN Cross-sectional study [newly diagnosed (first discovery, not on any treatments) T2DM (n = 47) and control (n = 63) subjects]. Serum cartonectin was measured by ELISA. RESULTS Serum cartonectin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum cartonectin was significantly negatively correlated with glucose and CRP, and significantly positively correlated with leptin, in all subjects (n = 110). When subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum cartonectin (P>0.05). There were no significant correlations in T2DM subjects (n = 47). In control subjects (n = 63), serum cartonectin was significantly negatively correlated with CRP, and significantly positively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin. However, when subjected to multiple regression analysis, none of these variables were predictive of serum cartonectin (P>0.05). Finally, serum cartonectin concentrations were significantly lower in T2DM subjects after a 2 hour 75 g OGTT (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cartonectin may serve as a novel biomarker for the prediction and early diagnosis of T2DM patients. Furthermore, cartonectin and/or pharmacological agents that increase circulating cartonectin levels can represent a new therapeutic field in the treatment of T2DM patients. Further research is needed to clarify these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. of China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull Hospitals, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BKT); (JC)
| | - Jing Chen
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, P.R. of China
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BKT); (JC)
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Cummings BP. Leptin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:607-12. [PMID: 23216672 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for new effective therapeutic strategies for addressing the epidemic of type 2 diabetes. Leptin has been shown to reduce hyperglycaemia in rodent models of type 1 diabetes and has recently been shown to normalize fasting plasma glucose concentrations in a rodent model of polygenic obesity and type 2 diabetes. Overall, these findings suggest that leptin may be an effective therapeutic option for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, short-term human clinical studies in overweight and obese patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes have reported minimal efficacy of leptin administration to lower blood glucose levels. Herein, the role of leptin in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and the potential use of leptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Cummings
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Mohammadzadeh G, Zarghami N. Serum leptin level is reduced in non-obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 11:3-10. [PMID: 23853613 PMCID: PMC3693653 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, a protein released from adipose tissue, could have significant role in pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate variations in serum leptin levels in non-obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes. Fasting lipid profile, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum leptin, insulin, and glucose levels were measured by standard methods. RESULTS The serum leptin level in type 2 diabetic patients (19.32 ± 11.43 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic subjects (32.16 ± 11.02 ng/mL). Serum leptin level was strongly and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.658, P < 0.0001) and calculated body fat percentage (r = 0.431, P < 0.0001) in all the study subjects with a better corrlation in the control subjcts compared to control cases (r = 0.661 for BMI and r = 0.466 for body fat). On the other hand, leptin showed a positive and significant correlation with insulin and HOMA- β (homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function) in both groups. Furthermore, leptin related to homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.422, P = 0.006) was observed only in T2DM subjects. Leptin showed negative correlation with waist to hip ratio in diabetic (r = -0.407, P =0.008) and non-diabetic subjects (r = -0.318, P =0.049). In the regression model, BMI, HOMA-β, and gender were independent predictors of leptin in all subjects. However, in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects, β-cell function and insulin were independent predictors, respectively (P =0.01). CONCLUSIONS It is speculated that lower serum leptin levels in diabetic patients may be a consequence of male gender. Moreover, results suggest that serum leptin level in women is influenced differently than that in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ghorban Mohammadzadeh, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-91134368125, Fax: +98-6113332036, E-mail:
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Tang Y, Chen A. Curcumin protects hepatic stellate cells against leptin-induced activation in vitro by accumulating intracellular lipids. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4168-77. [PMID: 20660066 PMCID: PMC2940502 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type II diabetes mellitus are often associated with hyperleptinemia and commonly accompanied by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which could cause hepatic fibrosis. During hepatic fibrogenesis, the major effectors hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) become active, coupling with depletion of cellular lipid droplets and downexpression of genes relevant to lipid accumulation. Accumulating evidence supports the proposal that recovering the accumulation of lipids would inhibit HSC activation. We recently reported that leptin stimulated HSC activation, which was eliminated by curcumin, a phytochemical from turmeric. The current study was designed to explore the underlying mechanisms, focusing on their effects on the level of intracellular lipids. We hypothesized that one of the mechanisms by which leptin stimulated HSC activation was to stimulate the depletion of intracellular lipids, which could be abrogated by curcumin by inducing expression of genes relevant to lipid accumulation. In this report, we observed that leptin dose dependently reduced levels of intracellular fatty acids and triglycerides in passaged HSCs, which were eliminated by curcumin. The phytochemical abrogated the impact of leptin on inhibiting the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in HSCs in vitro. The activation of AMPK resulted in inducing expression of genes relevant to lipid accumulation and increasing intracellular lipids in HSCs in vitro. In summary, curcumin eliminated stimulatory effects of leptin on HSC activation and increased AMPK activity, leading to inducing expression of genes relevant to lipid accumulation and elevating the level of intracellular lipids. These results provide novel insights into mechanisms of curcumin in inhibiting leptin-induced HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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Ezenwaka CE, Nwagbara E, Seales D, Okali F, Sell H, Eckel J. Insulin resistance, leptin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels in diabetic and non-diabetic Afro-Caribbean subjects. Arch Physiol Biochem 2009; 115:22-7. [PMID: 19267279 DOI: 10.1080/13813450802676343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine how the levels of leptin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are associated with insulin resistance (IR) in obese, non-obese, diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. METHODS 112 type 2 diabetics and 43 non-diabetics were studied fasting. Anthropometric indices were measured and glucose, insulin, leptin and MCP-1 were measured in blood. IR was calculated. RESULTS MCP-1 level was significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics irrespective of gender (p < 0.05). Irrespective of diabetes status, the serum leptin concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in obese and females subjects than in non-obese and male subjects respectively. There were no significant correlations between IR and MCP-1 or leptin in all subgroups of subjects studied. General linear modelling analysis showed that only diabetes state significantly predicted MCP-1 levels (p < 0.05) whereas non of the factors predicted leptin levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Routine measurement of leptin and MCP-1 would be potentially useful in assessment of patients for the metabolic syndrome or coronary heart disease especially in black population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ezenwaka
- The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad.
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Bays H, Ballantyne C. Adiposopathy: why do adiposity and obesity cause metabolic disease? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/17460875.1.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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