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Raihan MMH, Chowdhury N, Chowdhury MZI, Turin TC. Involuntary delayed retirement and mental health of older adults. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:169-177. [PMID: 37403767 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2230927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association of multiple mental health measures with involuntary delayed retirement (IDR) in working older adults (≥ 65 years) in the USA. METHODS Data were derived from the Health and Retirement Study, focusing on two combined waves of working older adults in 2010 and 2012. IDR was measured as the desire to stop working but the inability to do so due to financial constraints. In addition, mental health outcomes included depression, anxiety, anger-in, and anger-out. Using Stata 16.0, primary analyses were conducted for descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. The odds ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Older adults who reported IDR were more likely to have depression (OR = 3.20, CI = 1.03-9.88), anxiety (OR = 2.12, CI = 1.00-5.18), and anger-in (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.12-2.60) compared to those who did not report IDR. However, IDR was not significantly associated with anger-out in older adults who worked past the traditional retirement age. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that IDR is likely to act as a stressor and affects the mental health of older adults aged 65 and more. Policymakers should pay more attention to helping older adults maintain positive mental health even if they are required to work past retirement age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M H Raihan
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nashit Chowdhury
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mohammad Z I Chowdhury
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- The O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Feenstra-Verschure MT, Kooij D, Freese C, Van der Velde M, Lysova EI. “Locked at the job”: a qualitative study on the process of this phenomenon. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-06-2022-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PurposeMany employees experience a “locked at the job” situation and are not satisfied with their current job and at the same time, perceive limited job opportunities. This study examines the process that individuals who experience locked at the job go through and the coping mechanisms individuals use.Design/methodology/approachA total of Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted. Of the participants, 12 were locked at the job at the time of the interview and 18 participants experienced locked at the job in the past.FindingsThe authors identified three phases. Regarding the first phase “becoming locked at the job,” various individual and work environmental causes could be identified. In the second phase “being locked at the job,” the authors identified three levels: low-, medium- and high-locked individuals. Emotion-regulated coping strategies were mainly reappraisal, positive distraction and behavioral avoidance. The third phase “ending locked at the job” revealed that a locked at the job situation often comes to an end either by taking control independently or by external force. Especially, the role of the direct supervisor was decisive during the entire locked at the job process.Practical implicationsIn the practical implications, the authors suggest to discuss locked at the job throughout the entire workplace and create an open culture acknowledging that individuals may find themselves in such a situation.Originality/valueTo date, no qualitative study has been conducted before from this perspective. Therefore, it is extremely important to look at this relatively unknown phenomenon from this perspective.
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Retirement Expectations of Older Workers with Arthritis and Diabetes Compared with Those of Workers with No Chronic Diseases. Can J Aging 2019; 38:296-314. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
RÉSUMÉLes plans de retraite des adultes atteints de maladies chroniques sont peu connus. Dans le cadre de cette étude, des travailleurs canadiens âgés de 50 à 67 ans provenant d’un regroupement national de 80 000 personnes (arthrite, n = 631 ; diabète, n = 286 ; arthrite et diabète, n = 111 ; aucune maladie chronique invalidante, n = 538) ont participé à une enquête transversale sur ce sujet. Les questions posées aux participants traitaient de l’âge prévu pour leur départ à la retraite, de leurs plans de travail futurs, de la possibilité d’un départ hâtif à la retraite et de la transition vers la retraite. Des analyses de khi-carré, de variance et des régressions ont permis d’évaluer les attentes et les facteurs qui y étaient associés. Les travailleurs souffrant d’arthrite et de diabète avaient des plans de retraite semblables à ceux des participants sains, malgré leurs problèmes de santé, et ces plans concordaient avec les attentes associées au fait de travailler jusqu’à un âge de retraite conventionnel. Toutefois, le nombre de répondants souffrant d’arthrite ou de diabète qui avaient prévu une retraite anticipée était plus élevé que celui des participants en bonne santé. Contrairement aux prévisions, la part de la variance associée aux facteurs liés à la santé était moindre que celle des autres facteurs en ce qui concerne les attentes en matière de retraite. Ces résultats mettent en lumière la complexité des attentes liées à la retraite et soulignent l’importance de l’adéquation personne-travail, malgré la présence de maladies.
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Kerry MJ. Psychological Antecedents of Retirement Planning: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1870. [PMID: 30356783 PMCID: PMC6189550 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As workforce aging continues through the next decade, the number of persons who will retire from long-held jobs and careers will increase. In recent years, researchers across disciplines of psychology have focused attention on the impact of the retirement process on post-retirement adjustment and well-being. The objective of the current review is twofold. The first goal is to review the literature on retirement planning with attention to past conceptualizations and current theoretical specifications. Second, empirical work investigating the psychological antecedents of retirement planning is reviewed. The primary conclusion reached from this review is that, conceptually, retirement planning continues to be poorly delineated and, thereby, narrowly investigated. Empirically, cognitive antecedents of retirement planning continue to figure prominently in both workplace and retirement researches. The boundary conditions of retirement planning, as well as alternative mechanisms for adult wellbeing, are discussed. Specifically, retirement planning's meaning amidst increasing job mobility and longer life expectancies are identified as two complementary areas for future empirical integration of work-retirement research domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Kerry
- Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
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‘Fuller’ or ‘extended’ working lives? Critical perspectives on changing transitions from work to retirement. AGEING & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x18000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTResearch on older workers and retirement has yet to adjust fully to an environment influenced by a combination of demographic change, technological developments and economic recession. A key dimension to the changing relationship between ageing and work is the tension between policies to extend working life and the increasingly fragmented nature of late working life, with the emergence of varied transitions, including: bridge employment, second/third careers, part-time working, early retirement and other variations. These developments indicate both the challenge of conceptualising new forms of work-ending, and – in policy terms – the extent to which these can successfully accommodate longer working lives. The paper provides a critical perspective to the policy of extending working life and the narrative which underpins this approach. The paper argues that retirement has become a ‘contested’ institution in the 21st century, fragmented across different pathways and transitions affecting people in their fifties and sixties. The paper argues the case for improving work quality and security as a precondition for supporting policies for encouraging working in later life. An essential requirement for this will include linking debates on extending working life with technological developments and changes affecting the workplace, creating differentiated paths to retirement and labour force exit, enhancing the provision of training and continuing education, and re-thinking the idea of the ‘older worker’.
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Steenstra I, Cullen K, Irvin E, Van Eerd D. A systematic review of interventions to promote work participation in older workers. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2017; 60:93-102. [PMID: 28160820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting work participation in older workers. METHODS We followed a systematic review process developed by the Institute for Work & Health and a best evidence synthesis that ranked evidence as strong, moderate, limited, or insufficient. RESULTS Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2014. Evidence from 14 studies were synthesized in 4 different intervention categories: multi-component, exercise, medication and other interventions. There was moderate evidence that work participation was improved by multi-component interventions encompassing at least two of three components (health service delivery, coordination of services, and work modifications). There was not enough evidence to recommend the other interventions. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a vast body of research on work participation of older workers, there are only a few high quality intervention studies aimed at improving work participation in this population. We recommend that multi-component interventions could be considered for implementation by practitioners to help improve work participation in older workers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS With a moderate level of evidence, multi-component interventions could be considered for use in practice if practitioners deem it suitable for their setting. There is not enough evidence to recommend exercise interventions, pharmaceutical interventions, different types of surgeries, patient education or work accommodation alone to improve work participation. However, the lack of evidence should not be considered, as absence of effect and practitioners should continue to be creative in developing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Steenstra
- Ted Rogers School of Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Emma Irvin
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dwayne Van Eerd
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Fisher GG. Additional Financial Status Measures to Consider: Commentary on Sinclair and Cheung (2016). Stress Health 2016; 32:194-5. [PMID: 27108754 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fisher GG, Ryan LH, Sonnega A, Naudé MN. Job Lock, Work, and Psychological Well-being in the United States. WORK, AGING AND RETIREMENT 2016; 2:345-358. [PMID: 31456884 PMCID: PMC6711468 DOI: 10.1093/workar/waw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine job lock in relation to well-being among workers in the U.S. Job lock refers to a circumstance in which a worker would like to retire or stop working altogether, but perceives that they cannot due to needing the income, and/or health insurance. Prior to examining job lock as a potential predictor of life satisfaction we first investigated the construct validity of job lock. Results from a sample of N=308 workers obtained via MTurk indicated that job lock due to financial need was more strongly associated with continuance and affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction compared to health insurance job lock. Job lock due to health insurance needs was related to a dimension of career entrenchment. We then tested hypotheses regarding the relation between job lock at T1 and life satisfaction at T2, two years later. Specifically, we hypothesized that perceptions of job lock would be negatively related to life satisfaction. Using two independent samples from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we found that both types of job lock were highly prevalent among workers age 62-65. Job lock due to money was significantly associated with lower life satisfaction 2 years later. The findings for job lock due to health insurance were mixed across the two samples. This study was an important first step toward examining the relation between job lock, an economic concept, in relation to workers' job attitudes and well-being.
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Besen E, Young AE, Pransky G. Exploring the relationship between age and tenure with length of disability. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:974-87. [PMID: 26010587 PMCID: PMC5032995 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The aging of the workforce, coupled with the changing nature of career tenure has raised questions about the impact of these trends on work disability. This study aimed to determine if age and tenure interact in relating to work disability duration. Methods Relationships were investigated using random effects models with 239,359 work disability claims occurring between 2008 and 2012. Results A 17‐day difference in the predicted length of disability was observed from ages 25 to 65. Tenure moderated the relationship between age and length of disability. At younger ages, the length of disability decreased as tenure increased, but at older age, the length of disability increased as tenure increased. Discussion Results indicate that although there is a relationship between length of disability and tenure, age makes a greater unique contribution to explaining variance in length of disability. Future research is needed to better understand why specifically age shows a strong relationship with length of disability and why that relationship varies with age. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:974–987, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Besen
- Center for Disability ResearchLiberty Mutual Research Institute for SafetyHopkintonMassachusetts
| | - Amanda E. Young
- Center for Disability ResearchLiberty Mutual Research Institute for SafetyHopkintonMassachusetts
| | - Glenn Pransky
- Center for Disability ResearchLiberty Mutual Research Institute for SafetyHopkintonMassachusetts
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Abstract
The relatively large birth cohort between 1946 and 1964, combined with the economic recession in the first decade of the 21st century, have led to an increase in the proportion of older workers in the US workplace. Understanding the health and safety needs of an aging workforce will be critical, especially in the construction industry, where physical job demands are high. This paper reviews the epidemiologic literature on the impact of age on injury among workers in the construction industry in terms of cause, type, and cost. PubMed was searched by using the following terms: older workers, construction, construction industry, injury, and age. The available studies reported that, among the construction industry workforce, older age at injury was related to higher injury costs but not to number of injuries. The higher injury costs associated with worker age are likely due in part to the severity of the injuries sustained by older workers. Identification of injury trends and subsequent analytical research efforts designed to ascertain factors associated with injury among older construction workers are needed for employers to effectively manage a health and safety program that addresses the needs of the aging worker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie V Schwatka
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Wilkie R, Cifuentes M, Pransky G. Exploring extensions to working life: job lock and predictors of decreasing work function in older workers. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 33:1719-27. [PMID: 21184629 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.544835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Job lock, one form of restricted job mobility that often prevents older workers from retiring, is linked to existing health and work place problems. This study explored (i) the rate of change in work limitation for job locked and non-job locked older workers and (ii) the factors associated with these changes over a 12-month period following a work injury. METHODS Prospective observational cohort study of adults aged ≥55 years. Data were collected using self-completed questionnaires. Individual growth modelling was used to examine the pre- and post- injury influences on work limitation. RESULTS Work limitation was greater in the job locked older workers pre-injury. Both job-locked and non-job locked respondents had initial post-injury decreases in work limitations, suggesting a positive impact of temporary post-injury accommodations. However, both groups had increases in work limitations over time, but the increases were greater in the non-job locked group. In those with job lock, return to work problems were associated with increases in work limitations; in those without job lock, greater increases were associated only with low education. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that job accommodations may be important in moderating increasing work limitation in job-locked older workers. Results support prior findings that job-locked older workers have unique characteristics, perhaps requiring more tailored interventions to maintain them in the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Wilkie
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.
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Cifuentes M, Boyer J, Lombardi DA, Punnett L. Use of O*NET as a job exposure matrix: A literature review. Am J Ind Med 2010; 53:898-914. [PMID: 20698022 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O*NET is a publicly available online database that describes occupational features across US job titles and that has been used to estimate workplace physical and psychosocial exposures and organizational characteristics. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate the use of O*NET as a job exposure matrix. METHODS A review of the peer-reviewed published and gray literature was conducted. Twenty-eight studies were found that used O*NET to estimate work exposures related to health or safety outcomes. Each was systematically evaluated across eight main features. RESULTS Many health outcomes have been studied with O*NET estimates of job exposures. Some studies did not use conceptual definitions of exposure; few studies estimated convergent validity, most used predictive validity. Multilevel analysis was underutilized. CONCLUSION O*NET is worthy of exploration by the occupational health community, although its scientific value is still undetermined. More studies could eventually provide evidence of convergent validity. O*NET has the potential to allow examination of occupational risks that might have otherwise been ignored due to missing data or resource constraints on field data collection of job exposure information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cifuentes
- Center for Disability Research at Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748, USA.
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