1
|
Aparicio MG, Mwake I, Ronca-Nützi M, Staubli S, Schwegler U. Perceived job quality among persons with spinal cord injury: The contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and person-job match. J Spinal Cord Med 2024; 47:733-743. [PMID: 37000419 PMCID: PMC11378652 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2194974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Perceived job quality is a key indicator of sustainable work among persons with spinal cord injuries (PwSCI). This study aimed at (a) describing three indicators of perceived job quality (i.e. job satisfaction, job performance, and work stress) among working PwSCI, and (b) identifying whether and how different person-job match dimensions (i.e. interest congruence, demands-abilities fit, needs-supplies fit, and effort-reward imbalance) as well as sociodemographic and health-related factors (e.g. age, sex, SCI-related characteristics, pain problems, and depressive symptoms) are associated with perceived job quality. DESIGN Cross-sectional, self-report survey. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS 549 working-age PwSCI who participated in the 2017 community survey of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort study and reported being engaged in paid work. OUTCOME MEASURES Job satisfaction, job performance, and work stress. RESULTS Higher interest congruence, better needs-supplies fit and lower effort-reward imbalance, as well as female sex, were associated with higher job satisfaction, while higher effort-reward imbalance, poorer demands-abilities fit (underqualification), and - surprisingly - better needs-supplies fit were associated with higher work stress. Moreover, underqualification, worse needs-supplies fit as well as pain, depressive symptoms, and language region were associated with lower job performance. CONCLUSION Integrating individuals in jobs that match their abilities, interests and needs, and which adequately reward their efforts may contribute to better job quality among PwSCI. Beyond that, common secondary health conditions and comorbidities such as pain and depressive symptoms should receive particular attention in interventions that aim to promote job quality and ultimately sustainable work in the SCI population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Immaculate Mwake
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marina Ronca-Nützi
- Swiss Paraplegic Center, Institute for Vocational Guidance (ParaWork), Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Staubli
- Swiss Paraplegic Center, Institute for Vocational Guidance (ParaWork), Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Urban Schwegler
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Dinter R, Reneman MF, Post MWM. Relation between work hours, work control, work stress, and quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury. Disabil Health J 2024:101682. [PMID: 39153942 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work participation is related to a better quality of life (QoL) for people with spinal cord injury (SCI), however, the specific work characteristics that are related to QoL in people with SCI are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate which work characteristics are related to QoL in people with SCI. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of people with SCI in the Netherlands. The survey consisted of demographic, SCI-related, and work-related items. Work control was measured with the short Job Content Questionnaire and work stress with the effort-reward imbalance (ERI). People of working age with at least 1 h of paid work per week were included. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the contribution of work characteristics to QoL while controlling for potential clinical and demographic confounders. RESULTS The study included 169 persons with SCI (74.6 % male, 47.8 ± 9.3 years, time since injury 18.9 ± 11.1 years). The final hierarchical regression model explained 31 % of the variance in QoL. The number of SCI-related health complications contributed the strongest to QoL (ß = -.36), followed by work hours (β = .24), and work stress (β = .24). However, work control did not contribute significantly to QoL in our final model. CONCLUSION Work hours and work stress contributed to QoL in people with SCI, but the number of SCI-related health complications was the strongest contributor. Future research and vocational rehabilitation should be directed to both medical and work-related variables to enhance the QoL of working people with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée van Dinter
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Michiel F Reneman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel W M Post
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands; Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barclay L, Hilton G, Fossey E, Ponsford J, Downing M, Analytis P, Ross P. Peer mentor contributions to an early intervention vocational rehabilitation specialist service following trauma: A qualitative study. Disabil Health J 2024:101680. [PMID: 39152070 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer mentors have a role in facilitating the participation, health and well-being of people who have had a traumatic injury. Few studies have explored the involvement of peer mentors in an early intervention vocational rehabilitation (EIVR) service following trauma. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the experience of implementing peer support within the context of an EIVR service from the perspectives of the peer mentors themselves, the vocational therapists supervising them, and the patients that received peer mentoring. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty participants from three groups: peer mentors (n = 4); vocational therapists (n = 3); and patients who received the EIVR intervention (n = 24). Data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Three themes were identified: The value of peer input in an EIVR service, The facilitators impacting the value of peer involvement as part of the EIVR service, The challenges impacting peer input as part of an EIVR service. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of peer mentors early after major traumatic injury was a unique and valuable addition to the EIVR service. Offering peer support early on in rehabilitation enabled patients to gain a sense of hope for their future, and the expectation that returning to work was a realistic option. The careful selection of peer mentors, and ensuring they receive adequate preparation and ongoing supervision are vital to support their well-being during the intervention. Aiming to match peer mentors with similar injuries and work backgrounds to patients is an important contributor to the likely ongoing engagement of the mentee with the mentor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Barclay
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Spinal Research Institute, Kew, Victoria, Australia.
| | - G Hilton
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Occupational Therapy Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Ponsford
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Epworth HealthCare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Downing
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Analytis
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Ross
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barclay L, Vecchio A, Bould E. Investigating employers' attitudes and knowledge about employing someone with a spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38299569 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2310176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of employers' attitudes to, knowledge about, and policies relating to employing someone with a spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine employers located in Australia from a range of backgrounds and different sized businesses. The interviews were thematically analysed. RESULTS Three themes were identified: Organisational policies (sub-themes: Recruitment - inherent requirements of the role vs risk mitigation; Recruitment strategies and targets; Disclosure; Accommodations needed or offered); Barriers & facilitators (sub-themes: Lack of knowledge about SCI; Physical accessibility; Workplace culture); Personal attitudes (sub-themes: Personal attitudes don't align with organisational policy; Personal experiences informed understanding). CONCLUSIONS Organisational policies and practices of the employers' organisations, and workplace culture impact the likelihood of someone with a SCI being employed, particularly in relation to recruitment, employment targets, and available accommodations. Individual staff attitudes and knowledge also influence this process. Multi-faceted approaches are needed to increase the employment of people with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Barclay
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- Spinal Research Institute, Kew, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Em Bould
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bezuidenhout L, Rhoda A, Moulaee Conradsson D, Theron F, Joseph C. Factors influencing employment among people with spinal cord injury in South Africa. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:4381-4387. [PMID: 36447405 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2151651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The unemployment rate post spinal cord injury (SCI) in South Africa is high with limited knowledge of environmental factors outside the health services, especially in an unevenly developed resource setting like South Africa, affecting the employment rate in people with SCI. Our purpose was to investigate factors associated with employment in people with SCI in South Africa. METHODS Two hundred persons with SCI participated in a cross-sectional survey design. This study formed part of the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey. Subsections of the questionnaire responses were used as explanatory variables to predict employment after SCI using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The response rate of the study was 54%. Of the 200 participants included, 61% reported being employed before SCI onset whereas only 25% reported being engaged in paid work at the time of this study. The logistic regression model showed not requiring physical assistance in the home environment (p = 0.016), the number of education years before SCI (p = 0.007), household income (p < 0.001), having worked before SCI onset (p = 0.041), and environmental factors (p = 0.029) to be factors associated with employment after SCI. CONCLUSION The finding suggests multiple factors influence the employment rate, advocating for interdisciplinary rehabilitation approaches and social development interventions to address meaningful occupations in persons with SCI in South Africa.Implications for rehabilitationRehabilitation programs should be adapted and tailored to enhance physical independence.Public policies regarding environmental factors such as access to reliable transport, assistive devices, and public places for wheelchair users are important and could potentially support individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) becoming employed/re-employed.For successful social/community/civic reintegration for individuals with SCI an intersectional collaboration (i.e., between policymakers, health professionals, and the labor market) needs to be considered to improve the employment opportunities post-SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Bezuidenhout
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anthea Rhoda
- Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Moulaee Conradsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Occupational therapy & Physiotherapy, Theme Women's Health and Allied Health Professional, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Conran Joseph
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gutierrez NC, Fullmer N, Chai S, Rosario ER. Return to work post spinal cord injury through a comprehensive rehabilitative program: A case series. J Spinal Cord Med 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37975760 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2265099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Spinal cord injury (SCI) can impair bodily functions and limit an individual's ability to maintain or gain steady employment. Vocational rehabilitation programs have been shown to effectively facilitate individuals with a SCI to return to work, however, further research is needed on the implementation, outcomes, and feasibility of such programs including with the integration of healthcare. OBJECTIVE The objective of this single-group study was to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive vocational rehabilitation program, as measured by improvements in employment, work confidence, life satisfaction, and quality of life for individuals with a SCI. METHODS Four individuals with a SCI participated in the vocational rehabilitation program. Participants were assigned responsibilities within their department of interest and attended weekly meetings with the vocational rehabilitation team to address barriers, discuss resources and education, and set professional goals. Completion of pre and post-test assessments was required to evaluate the program's impact on participants' work readiness and overall well-being. RESULTS Each participant worked with an interdisciplinary team on an individualized work-plan (over 100 h of employment) with necessary accommodations for successful rehabilitation. Participants reported beneficial changes in multiple post-program assessment categories including physical, social, and emotional functions, with all reporting a general improvement in physical strength upon completion of the program. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a comprehensive vocational rehabilitation program can be effective in facilitating individuals with SCI to gain greater functional independence and confidently pursue employment. Further studies are crucial to advance the knowledge required to implement a successful rehabilitative program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nakisha C Gutierrez
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Niko Fullmer
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephen Chai
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Emily R Rosario
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Timothy E, Bourke J, Dunn J, Martin R, Nunnerley J. United and flexible: a collaborative approach to early vocational rehabilitation on a spinal unit. A realist study. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37443167 PMCID: PMC10344866 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study using realist review. OBJECTIVES To conceptualise how Early Intervention Vocational Rehabilitation (EIVR) functions within inpatient multidisciplinary contexts during spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. SETTING New Zealand Spinal Unit. METHODS People with newly acquired SCI and members of their rehabilitation team were observed in a range of rehabilitation sessions, team meetings and therapeutic interactions. Participants were also interviewed to explore how EIVR functioned alongside the multidisciplinary team (MDT). Interviews and observations were transcribed, coded and analysed using realist methods. RESULTS We identified three primary contexts which influenced how EIVR was delivered within the MDT: (1) a united approach, (2) a flexible approach, and (3) a hesitant approach. These contexts generated four work-related outcomes for people with SCI; enhanced work self-efficacy, strengthened hope for work, maintained work identity, and the less desirable outcome of increased uncertainty about work. CONCLUSIONS To optimise work outcomes for people after SCI, it is important to consider how EIVR is delivered and integrated within the wider MDT. Such an understanding can also inform the establishment of new EIVR services in different settings. Results suggest that unity, flexibility and clarity between EIVR services and the wider MDT are essential foundations for supporting people with SCI on their journey to employment. SPONSORSHIP This research was funded by Health Research Council NZ grant in partnership with Canterbury District Health Board.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Timothy
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - John Bourke
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine | Te Tari Hāparapara me te Whaiora Ua-kāhiwi, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rachelle Martin
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit | Te Whare Whakamatūtū, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jo Nunnerley
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine | Te Tari Hāparapara me te Whaiora Ua-kāhiwi, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dunn JA, Martin RA, Hackney JJ, Nunnerley JL, Snell DL, Bourke JA, Young T, Hall A, Derrett S. Developing A Conceptual Framework for Early Intervention Vocational Rehabilitation for People Following Spinal Cord Injury. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:179-188. [PMID: 35927599 PMCID: PMC10025215 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early intervention vocational rehabilitation (EIVR) can improve return to work (RTW) outcomes for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, mechanisms explaining how and why EIVR works are not well understood. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework describing key mechanisms of EIVR intervention effect following SCI. METHODS We synthesised data from a realist literature review with data from interviews of people with SCI (n = 30), a survey of people with SCI who had received EIVR (n = 37), a focus group of EIVR providers and a focus group of community vocational providers. We first synthesised the literature review and interviews to develop an initial programme theory describing the contexts in which mechanisms are activated to produce EIVR outcomes. Then we used data from the survey and focus groups to further refine the EIVR programme theory. Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to support knowledge dissemination. RESULTS By ensuring consistent messaging across the multi-disciplinary team, EIVR programmes establish and maintain hope that work is possible following injury. Conversations about work allow individuals to determine the priority of work following injury. These conversations can also improve self-efficacy by providing individualized support to envisage pathways toward RTW goals and maintain worker identity. The synthesised study findings highlight the contexts and resources required to trigger activation of these mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS EIVR key mechanisms of effect are not specific to SCI as a health condition, therefore enabling this framework to be applied to other populations who face similar impairments and return to work barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - R A Martin
- Burwood Academy Trust, Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J J Hackney
- Burwood Academy Trust, Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J L Nunnerley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Burwood Academy Trust, Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D L Snell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Bourke
- Burwood Academy Trust, Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Young
- Burwood Academy Trust, Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Hall
- New Zealand Spinal Trust, Burwood Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Derrett
- Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dorstyn DS, Chur-Hansen A, Mansell E, Murphy G, Roberts RM, Stewart P, Potter E, Kneebone I, Craig A. Facilitators and barriers to employment for persons with chronic spinal cord injury or disorder: A qualitative study framed by the person-environment-occupation model. J Spinal Cord Med 2023; 46:246-255. [PMID: 34038332 PMCID: PMC9987752 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1922231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Prolonged unemployment is common for people living with a spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D) and can impact negatively on quality of life. The present study examines stakeholder perspectives and experiences with the job search process in order to identify service gaps and return-to-work solutions. DESIGN In-depth semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed, with questions focused on factors that can help or hinder efforts to gain employment. Generated themes were then applied to the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) systems model of participation. SETTING Community-based disability service provider in South Australia. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sample of persons with SCI/D (n = 8) and rehabilitation professionals (n = 4). RESULTS Person-centred themes were strongly endorsed by both groups and focused on incentives of, and motivation for, employment. Equally important to the job search process were individual expectations and attitudes, particularly job readiness. Environmental facilitators included employers' positive attitude, although workplace discrimination remained a concern. Occupation-based barriers, rather than opportunities, were identified - namely, difficulties in SCI/D self-management, the need for timely functional assessments, and more opportunities for education, upskilling and retraining. CONCLUSIONS The PEO model provides a broad framework to better understand the complex return-to-work process for people with a SCI/D and, potentially, uncover tangible solutions. The suggestion is that vocational rehabilitation should go beyond skills training and include motivational support to enhance job readiness. This must be done on a case-by-case basis. There is also a need for active and covert discrimination to be addressed through employment policies. The findings will be used to develop intervention targets for a newly established vocational rehabilitation service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anna Chur-Hansen
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ella Mansell
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory Murphy
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Rachel M Roberts
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter Stewart
- The Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Association of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Potter
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian Kneebone
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ashley Craig
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, RNSH, St Leonards, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tholl AD, Lima TCS, Nogueira SPBO, Faleiros F, Marques-Vieira C, Viegas SMF, de Souza JM, Gonçalves N, Nitschke RG, da Cruz DA, Antunes NA, Ilha J. Labour market participation among rehabilitated individuals with spinal cord injury in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Spinal Cord 2023; 61:119-124. [PMID: 36064765 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-022-00846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To document the labour market participation rate and investigate the impact of social and economic characteristics on this outcome among individuals with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) who participated in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in Brazil. SETTING A specialised rehabilitation centre in southern Brazil. METHODS An interview was performed with former rehabilitation clients with SCI/D. A total of 111 community-dwelling individuals with SCI/D who had been previously rehabilitated in a large regional rehabilitation centre were considered. Employment status and demographic, injury, work, and economic characteristics were self-reported via interview. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS The labour market participation rate was 21.6% (24 individuals). Five respondents were employed in formal work activities, and the other 19 were involved in informal activities (self-employed). Since the onset of injury, a shorter time was associated with nonparticipation in occupational work. Individuals with a higher level of education were more likely to be working. Household income was higher among the participants who had returned to work than among those who had not returned. CONCLUSION There is a relatively low labour market participation rate among rehabilitated individuals with SCI/D in southern Brazil. The rehabilitation services should emphasise vocational training, access to education, and employment support for individuals with SCI/D from early onset after the injury. Public policies must be revised to support labour market participation among individuals with SCI/D in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana D Tholl
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Thamyres C S Lima
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Faleiros
- College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Selma M F Viegas
- Nursing School, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Janaína M de Souza
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Natália Gonçalves
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rosane G Nitschke
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Danielle A da Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Natália A Antunes
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Labour market participation after spinal cord injury. A register-based cohort study. Spinal Cord 2023; 61:244-252. [PMID: 36717734 PMCID: PMC10070183 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-023-00876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A register based cohort study. OBJECTIVES To investigate labour market participation following spinal cord injury (SCI) and to describe the impact of personal and SCI characteristics. SETTING Norway. METHODS Persons registered with SCI in the Norwegian SCI registry 2011-2017, and matched reference individuals without SCI from the general population (named controls) were followed for up to six years after injury using national registry data on employment, education, income, and social security benefits. Main measures of labour market participation were: (1) Receiving any amount of pay for work, and (2) Receiving sickness and disability benefits. RESULTS Among the 451 persons with SCI (aged 16-66 years and working before injury), the estimated percentages receiving pay for work and sickness and disability benefits in the sixth years after injury were 63% (95% CI 57-69) and 67% (95% CI 61-72). Corresponding percentages for the controls (n = 1791) were 91% (95% CI 90-93) for receiving pay for work and 13% (95% CI 12-15) for receiving sickness and disability benefits. Among persons with SCI, less severe neurological outcome, higher level of education, younger age at injury, and a stronger pre-injury attachment to employment (higher employment income, having an employer, less receipt of benefits), were associated with higher labour market participation. CONCLUSION SCI substantially decreased labour market participation up to six years after injury compared to matched controls. Even if a relatively large proportion of persons with SCI remained in some degree of work activity, more than half did so in combination with receiving benefits.
Collapse
|
12
|
Karcz K, Trezzini B, Escorpizo R, Finger ME. Factors associated with sustaining work with chronic spinal cord injury: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:7723-7738. [PMID: 34781795 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1988736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Work participation remains challenging for people with spinal cord injury (SCI), as reflected in lower employment rates compared to the general population. To promote work participation for people with SCI, practitioners and policymakers need a better understanding of the factors associated with sustaining work in the long term. This study aimed to identify such factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scoping review synthesizing quantitative and qualitative research published between 2000 and 2021. The databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS Initially, 1221 articles were identified. Three quantitative studies investigating socio-demographic and injury-related factors and eight qualitative studies exploring mainly personal and environmental facilitators and barriers to working in the long term were retained. The results of the quantitative studies showed the importance of time since injury, age, and education. The qualitative findings emphasized the positive influence of self-advocacy, managing health behaviors, and a supportive work environment. Main barriers were time organization and societal attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Future interventions should address the identified factors to promote working in the long term of people with SCI. Policymakers should adapt and enforce legal standards that address environmental and social barriers to creating supportive work environments for persons with SCI.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience difficulties in maintaining employment.Personal factors identified as crucial for working in the long term, such as self-advocacy and self-management of health behaviors, should be strengthened by future interventions.People with SCI should be offered a supportive work environment with work accommodations and flexible working hours to facilitate their labor market participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Karcz
- Participation, Integration and Social Epidemiology Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Trezzini
- Participation, Integration and Social Epidemiology Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Reuben Escorpizo
- Participation, Integration and Social Epidemiology Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Monika E Finger
- Participation, Integration and Social Epidemiology Group, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martin RA, Nunnerley JL, Young T, Hall A, Snell DL, Hackney JJ, Bourke JA, Derrett S, Dunn JA. Vocational wayfinding following spinal cord injury: In what contexts, how and why does early intervention vocational rehabilitation work? JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-221189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early intervention vocational rehabilitation (EIVR) is used to optimize return to work (RTW) outcomes for people following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, theoretical clarity is required about how EIVR works, for whom and under what circumstances. OBJECTIVE: To develop a theoretical understanding of how people respond to EIVR following SCI and the contexts in which mechanisms of intervention effect are likely to be activated. METHODS: Realist research methods were used to analyze interviews with 30 participants who had received EIVR following SCI. RESULTS: We conceptualized the reporting of our analyses using a travel metaphor, encapsulating the types and degree of wayfinding support participants required to think about, plan and action their vocational aspirations. Developing, maintaining and enacting hope, supporting self-identity and vocational identity, and focusing on environmental context adaptations required to enact vocational aspirations, appear to be critical mechanisms of intervention effect within EIVR. CONCLUSIONS: Various contexts and mechanisms of EIVR contribute to successful negotiation, achievement and sustainability of RTW outcomes for people following SCI. These theoretical understandings can refine EIVR service provision within SCI rehabilitation and inform how EIVR can improve RTW outcomes for people with acquired neurological conditions in other rehabilitation contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle A. Martin
- Burwood Academy Trust, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington South, New Zealand
| | - Joanne L. Nunnerley
- Burwood Academy Trust, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew Hall
- New Zealand Spinal Trust, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Deborah L. Snell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - John A. Bourke
- Burwood Academy Trust, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, QL, Australia
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Derrett
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer A. Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
HaGani N, Englard Hershler M, Ben Shlush E. The relationship between burnout, commuting crashes and drowsy driving among hospital health care workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1357-1367. [PMID: 35318536 PMCID: PMC8939491 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout and work satisfaction have been shown to be associated with risk of commuting crashes and drowsy driving. Although health care workers (HCWs) were found to have high burnout, no study has yet examined the relationship between burnout and commuting crashes in this occupational group. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between burnout, commuting crashes and drowsy driving among HCWs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 HCWs in a tertiary hospital, using an online survey focusing on burnout subscales, work satisfaction, commuting crashes, and drowsy driving to and from work. RESULTS One third of the sample population reported commuting crashes that led to physical, mental, and quality-of-life harms in more than half of them. Burnout was not associated with commuting crashes; however, it was associated with increased drowsy driving. Nurses reported on more physical, emotional, and quality-of-life harms, and administrative staff reported on more physical harm. Low work satisfaction was significantly associated with higher severity of reported mental harm (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Burnout and commuting crashes are more common among physician and nurses, compared to other HCWs. Work satisfaction and sense of personal accomplishment can reduce the negative outcomes of commuting crashes and may contribute to recovery of HCWs after commuting crashes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neta HaGani
- Department of Social Work, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, 3109601, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Eli Ben Shlush
- Department of Human Resources, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nowrouzi-Kia B, Nadesar N, Sun Y, Ott M, Sithamparanathan G, Thakkar P. Prevalence and predictors of return to work following a spinal cord injury using a work disability prevention approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis. TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/14604086211033083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Worldwide, spinal cord injuries are associated with diminished participation in the labor market. Inconclusive reporting and differences between workplace settings for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) make conceptualizing return to work rates among this population inherently challenging. The objectives of this study are to explore factors associated with return to work (RTW) following an SCI. Moreover, the factors were classified according to the work disability prevention framework. Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence of RTW following an SCI. Methods Original articles were identified through a literature search in four health databases. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the mapping and identification of records. Included studies contained primary studies that included the nature of the injury, antecedent factors associated with the injury, and study characteristics and RTW outcomes. Exclusion criteria for the studies included if there was no discussion of RTW outcomes, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results A total of 461 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and eight studies were included and assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, Risk of Bias, and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Four studies identified personal system factors, four identified healthcare system factors, two identified compensation system factors, and one identified workplace system factors. Conclusions Attempts to optimize RTW among persons with SCI are inherently difficult due to the diversity of this client population. Findings from the studies included in this systematic review support the utility of interventions for facilitating RTW, such as vocational rehabilitation and workplace accommodations, while simultaneously acknowledging the limitations in identifying specific interventions as facilitatory or inhibitory throughout the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Nirusa Nadesar
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Yingji Sun
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Markus Ott
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gobika Sithamparanathan
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priya Thakkar
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spinal cord injury and work challenges: an analysis of paid work status and pathways of return to work in Brazil. Spinal Cord 2021; 59:1111-1119. [PMID: 33972700 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES To investigate paid work status and return to work (RTW) pathways after spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospitals. METHODS Participants were adults with traumatic SCI, aged between 18 and 60 years at the time of the injury, admitted between 2000 and 2017. In the first stage, socio-demographic, injury-related, and functional status data were collected from medical records. In the second stage, data on paid work, means of mobility, driving ability, return to study, ability to work, and satisfaction with the work status were collected through an online survey conducted between January and March 2020. RESULTS A total of 154 participants were included in the sample. Of these, 90% were working at the time of SCI and 23% were engaged in paid work at the time of the study. Three RTW pathways were identified among those who were working at the time of the injury and: did not return to work (78%); returned to a different occupation (12%) and returned to the same occupation (9%). Number of post-injury complications, returning to study, good work ability, and satisfaction with the work status were predictors of paid work. The model's adjusted coefficient was 56.5% (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Working-age people with SCI who underwent rehabilitation in Brazil had a low rate of paid work. Fewer complications at the time of the injury, returning to study, good ability to work and greater satisfaction with the work status increased the likelihood of being engaged in paid work.
Collapse
|
17
|
Post MW, Reinhardt JD, Avellanet M, Escorpizo R, Engkasan JP, Schwegler U, Leiulfsrud AS, Engkasan JP, Middleton JW, Stucki G, Brach M, Bickenbach J, Fekete C, Thyrian C, Battistella L, Li J, Perrouin-Verbe B, Gutenbrunner C, Rapidi CA, Wahyuni LK, Zampolini M, Saitoh E, Lee BS, Juocevicius A, Hasnan N, Hajjioui A, Post MW, Stanghelle JK, Tederko P, Popa D, Joseph C, Avellanet M, Baumberger M, Kovindha A, Escorpizo R. Employment Among People With Spinal Cord Injury in 22 Countries Across the World: Results From the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:2157-2166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Bloom J, Dorsett P, McLennan V. Vocational rehabilitation to empower consumers following newly acquired spinal cord injury. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-201091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bloom
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- The Hopkins Centre, Research for Rehabilitation and Resilience, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Pat Dorsett
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, QLD, Australia
- The Hopkins Centre, Research for Rehabilitation and Resilience, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanette McLennan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- The Hopkins Centre, Research for Rehabilitation and Resilience, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kee KM, Mohamad NZ, Koh PPW, Yeo JPT, Ng YS, Kam JC, Asano M. Return to work after spinal cord injury: a Singaporean pilot community-based rehabilitation program. Spinal Cord 2020; 58:1096-1103. [PMID: 32273565 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-0459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of data collected as part of a pilot program. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of our study was to document the return-to-work rate of individuals with SCI who participated in a community-based interdisciplinary vocational rehabilitation program. The secondary objectives were to assess changes in their levels of community integration and functional independence. SETTING A community-based rehabilitation center in Singapore. METHODS Participants were individuals with SCI between 21 and 55 years. They identified return to work as a rehabilitation goal, and were certified fit to undergo rehabilitation by their physicians. Primary outcome was the return-to-work rate at discharge from the program. Secondary outcomes were community integration and functional independence, measured by the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM-III), respectively. We summarized participants' clinical and socio-demographic characteristics descriptively, and used inferential statistics to compare pre- and postprogram scores for secondary outcome measures. RESULTS Thirty-nine participants were included for this study. Thirty-two completed the program, of which 84% (n = 27) reported returning to work. Participants who completed the program had mean change in total CIQ and SCIM-III scores of 7 (95% CI, 5-8) and 11 (95% CI, 7-15), respectively. There were differences (p < 0.05) between pre- and postprogram scores for both secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that our vocational rehabilitation program facilitated participants with SCI in Singapore to return to work and was beneficial to enhance their levels of community integration and functional independence. Future interventional studies are recommended to estimate the efficacy of such programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalya M Kee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nizar Z Mohamad
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joanna P T Yeo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Sien Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Miho Asano
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|