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El Haj M. Destination memory disorders: At the junction between memory and socioaffective processing. Soc Neurosci 2024; 19:49-56. [PMID: 38706268 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2024.2351213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The junction between memory dysfunction and socioaffective dysfunction is a complex area as research has typically been interested in one dysfunction rather than in the other. However, this junction can be studied under the lens of destination memory. Destination memory (i.e. the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted) is unique in that it draws on both memory and socioaffective processes. Research has demonstrated how destination memory is prone to distortions in neurological/psychiatric disorders. This paper aims to provide a focused review on the interplay between memory and socioaffective processes in the deterioration of destination memory within these disorders. It shows how both episodic memory and socioaffective dysfunction can jointly contribute to the decline in destination memory, although the contribution of each of the two factors may vary depending on the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Allain P. Memory in Social Interactions: The Effects of Introspection on Destination Memory in Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1250. [PMID: 37759851 PMCID: PMC10526270 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Destination memory, which is the ability to remember to whom one has sent information, is intimately associated with social cognition. We assessed whether processing attributes of destinations would improve destination memory in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this cross-sectional study, we tested the destination memory of 24 patients with TBI and 25 control participants in two conditions. On the first one (control condition), we invited participants to tell proverbs to celebrities' faces in order to decide, on a subsequent recognition test, whether they previously told that proverb to that celebrity or not. On the second condition (experimental introspection condition), the same procedures were repeated. However, after telling the proverbs, we invited participants to introspect about what the destination might believe about the proverbs (e.g., "What do you think that the celebrities would think about the proverbs?"). Group comparisons demonstrated better destination memory after the introspection than when no introspection was implemented in control participants, but there were no significant differences between the two conditions in patients with TBI. However, analyses of individual profiles demonstrated that more than half (n = 13) of the patients with TBI demonstrated better destination memory after introspection. While these results demonstrate a beneficial effect of introspection on destination memory for some cases of patients with TBI, more research is needed to reveal how introspection may influence patients' memory in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75005 Paris, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F-44093 Nantes, France
- LPPL-Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Nantes, Chemin de la Censive du Tertre, BP 81227, CEDEX 03, F-44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4229, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, F-49045 Angers, France
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
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El Haj M, Ndobo A, Moustafa AA, Allain P. "What Did I Tell This Sad Person?": Memory for Emotional Destinations in Korsakoff's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:1919. [PMID: 36902708 PMCID: PMC10003535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated destination memory, defined as the ability to remember to whom a piece of information was previously transmitted, for emotional destinations (i.e., a happy or sad person) in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). We asked patients with KS and control participants to tell facts to neutral, positive, or negative faces. On a subsequent recognition task, participants had to decide to whom they told each fact. Compared with control participants, patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of neutral, emotionally positive, and emotionally negative destinations. Patients with KS demonstrated lower recognition of emotionally negative than for emotionally positive or neutral destinations, but there were no significant differences between recognition of neutral and emotionally positive destinations. Our study demonstrates a compromised ability to process negative destinations in KS. Our study highlights the relationship between memory decline and impaired emotional processing in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75000 Paris, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Faculté de Psychologie, Nantes Université, Chemin la Censive du Tertre—BP 81227, CEDEX 3, 44312 Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL EA 4638), SFR Confluences, Maison de la Recherche Germaine Tillion, Université d’Angers, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX 01, 49045 Angers, France
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El Haj M. Destination memory: Memory associated with social interactions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1061275. [PMID: 36896027 PMCID: PMC9989778 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the field of memory research, studies on destination memory (e.g., the ability to remember to whom information was previously told) show how it is closely associated with social cognition. The present review thus summarizes the literature on destination memory and demonstrates how it involves social interaction. It offers a comprehensive picture of the many factors that may influence destination memory and distinguishes factors related to the recipient (e.g., familiarity, emotional states, and distinctiveness/attractiveness) and sender of information (e.g., the sender's extroversion) in social communications. It suggests that destination memory involves the ability of the sender to infer the cognitive/affective state of the recipient and to attribute the output message to a recipient-related stereotype. Extrovert senders may also easily remember the destination as they typically value social communication, public sharing and processing of social information. Destination memory also involves features such as familiarity, age, emotional state, distinctiveness, and attractiveness of the recipient. By offering a comprehensive framework of how destination memory functions in everyday life interactions, the present review shows how destination memory is intimately associated with communicative efficacy and social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Li M, Nie A. Is there a self-positivity bias for destination memory? Behavioral and ERP evidence. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 219:103396. [PMID: 34403980 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive existing research concerning source memory (i.e., memory for what has been said, given, or done to us by whom) during social interaction, destination memory (i.e., memory for what we have said, given, or done to whom) remains to be explored. Furthermore, although destination memory is believed to involve a self-reference process, it remains unclear whether such a process is sufficient to trigger a self-positivity bias. To address these issues, we combined the destination memory paradigm with the social dilemma game to compare destination memory for cooperation and cheating. Both behavioral performance and the neural index of successful encoding, the Dm (difference due to memory) effect, were concerned. Behaviorally, destination memory for cooperative, cheating, and neutral behaviors decreased successively. For neural activities, the pre-400 ms Dm effects during 200-400 ms were non-significant under any condition. In the latency windows of 400-800 ms and 800-1000 ms, the post-400 ms Dm effects were reliably observed for both cooperative and cheating behaviors and were statistically comparable between the two behavior types, but the effect was not obtained for neutral behaviors. These data suggest a self-positivity bias in the behavioral performance but not in the encoding-related Dm effects of destination memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Aiqing Nie
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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Barros C, Albuquerque PB, Pinto R, El Haj M. The effect of distinctive facial features on destination memory. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:502-509. [PMID: 33973256 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Destination memory involves remembering to whom we told information. Low accuracy of this memory is linked to higher self-focus and lower attentional resources allocated to the recipient of the information. The present paper aimed to investigate whether the existence of distinctive features (e.g., tattoos) of destination face would improve destination memory, in a within- (Experiment 1 and 2) and between-participants (Experiment 3) design. In a destination memory task, participants had to tell proverbs to faces that presented a distinctive feature and to other faces that did not. Results showed that a destination memory advantage only occurs when faces with different distinctive features are compared to faces without distinctive features (Experiment 1). These results are in accordance with the existing theoretical framework on destination memory and distinctiveness; highlighting the importance of personal attributes, namely, the distinctiveness of the destination face and the relativity of distinctiveness in destination memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel Pinto
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Université Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Allain P, De Bont L, Ndobo A. Personality and social memory: High source and destination memory in extroverts. Scand J Psychol 2021; 62:436-442. [PMID: 33660873 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated relationship between personality and memory for social interactions. More specifically, we investigated the relationship between extraversion and the ability to remember who told us some information (i.e., source memory) and the ability to remember to whom we told that information (i.e., destination memory). On a source memory task, participants received information from pictures of celebrities; a subsequent recognition test required them to identify the celebrities from whom they had received that information. On a destination memory task, participants were invited to tell information to celebrities; a later recognition task instructed them to identify the celebrity to whom they had previously told that information. Besides the assessment of source and destination memory, participants answered a questionnaire regarding extraversion. Results demonstrated significant positive correlation between extraversion and source memory, as well as significant positive correlation between extraversion and destination memory. In other words, the more participants described themselves as extraverts, the higher their source and destination memory. During social communications (e.g., in a conversation), extraverts may demonstrate high source and destination memory as these individuals typically value social communication, public sharing, and processing of social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Universitaire d'Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Angers, France.,Département de Neurologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Leslie De Bont
- Centre de Recherche sur les Identités, les Nations et l'Interculturalité, CRINI EA1162, Université de Nantes, Chemin la Censive du Tertre BP 81227, Nantes, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Nantes Université, Universitaire d'Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
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El Haj M, Ndobo A. Attractive memory: High destination memory for attractive faces. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:1-6. [PMID: 32613619 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that destination memory (i.e., the ability to remember to whom information was previously told) can be influenced by characteristics (e.g., emotional expressions and age) of the destination. Building on this literature, we investigated whether destination memory can be influenced by the attractiveness of the destination. We invited participants to give information on attractive faces, unattractive faces, or neither-attractive-nor-unattractive faces. On a recognition test, they were invited to decide to whom each piece of information had been previously told. Results demonstrated higher destination memory (1) for attractive faces than for neither-attractive-nor-unattractive faces, and (2) for unattractive faces than for neither-attractive-nor-unattractive faces. We attribute the higher destination memory for attractive and unattractive destinations to their distinctiveness compared with neutrally attractive destinations. We also provide some attentional explanations for the high memory for attractive and unattractive destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - André Ndobo
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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Wilu Wilu A, Allain P, Moustafa AA, El Haj M. "To whom did I tell that information?": Relationship between destination memory and theory of mind in traumatic brain injury. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 28:1-11. [PMID: 30889969 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1585350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been widely associated with impairment of social cognition. We therefore investigated the relationship between the ability to infer and predict other's mental states (i.e., Theory of Mind, ToM) and the ability to remember to whom one has sent information (i.e., destination memory). We invited patients with TBI and control subjects, on a destination memory task, to tell proverbs to pictures of celebrities, so as to remember to which celebrity they had previously told the proverbs. Participants also performed affective (i.e., Reading the Mind in the Eyes) and cognitive (i.e., the false belief) tests of ToM. Results demonstrated lower destination memory, affective, and cognitive ToM performance in TBI patients than in control subjects. Critically, analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between destination memory and first order and second cognitive order ToM in patients with TBI, but no significant correlations between destination memory and affective ToM in these patients. Our results demonstrate a relationship between difficulties of TBI patients to infer and predict cognitive states of interlocutors and difficulties to remember to which interlocutor information has been told.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Wilu Wilu
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France
| | - Philippe Allain
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Centre National de Référence pour les Maladies Neurogénétiques de l'Adulte, Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Social Sciences College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Unité de Gériatrie, Tourcoing, France.,Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (EA 4638), Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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