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Balzen KM, Blacutt M, Lind M, Penner F, Sharp C. Awareness of Narrative Identity Questionnaire (ANIQ) in Early Adolescents: Psychometric Evaluation and Association with Features of Personality Disorder. J Pers Assess 2024; 106:337-346. [PMID: 37732705 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2023.2258979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Identity formation is central to adolescent development. Challenges in establishing a stable sense of self is associated with maladaptive identity function, which has been recognized as a core feature of personality pathology. The narrative identity framework offers a unique lens to garner salient information about one's sense of self. The Awareness of Narrative Identity Questionnaire (ANIQ) is a self-report measure of narrative identity validated in adults but is yet to be validated in adolescents. The current study aimed to conduct the first psychometric evaluation of the ANIQ in a sample of 205 youth aged 10-14 years (M = 12.1 ± 1.06 years; 50.7% female; 73.7% Hispanic) recruited from a public charter school. Results confirmed the four-factor structure of the ANIQ and showed high internal consistency. Convergent validity was supported through negative associations between the ANIQ and borderline personality features and identity diffusion. Incremental validity of the ANIQ over identity diffusion in predicting borderline personality features was also examined, but not supported. Overall, results support the ANIQ as a promising instrument for the assessment of narrative identity in youth. However, some improvements to the ANIQ might be necessary in order to use it as a clinical tool in identifying youth with personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majse Lind
- Department of Psychology, Aalborg University
| | | | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
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Nusser L, Zimprich D, Wolf T. Themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity in important autobiographical memories: Associations with life periods and life satisfaction. J Pers 2023; 91:1110-1122. [PMID: 36256457 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guided by Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the present study investigated whether themes of trust, identity, intimacy, and generativity are represented in older adults' most important autobiographical memories. Furthermore, we tested whether these themes are associated with certain life periods and whether having important memories (i.e., life story) that reflect developmental themes and are evaluated as positive is associated with life satisfaction. METHODS One hundred and twelve (59.8% female) older adults (61-92 years, M = 70.96, SD = 6.81) reported up to 15 important autobiographical memories. Participants rated each memory according to the themes of trust/mistrust, identity/confusion, intimacy/isolation, and generativity/stagnation. RESULTS Using multilevel multinomial logistic regression, we found childhood memories to be associated with trust, memories from participants' youth with identity and intimacy, and adulthood memories with intimacy and generativity. Moreover, participants who rated their autobiographical memories (i.e., life story) as high in reflecting themes and, at the same time, perceived their memories as more positive showed higher levels of life satisfaction. CONCLUSION Important autobiographical memories reflect how an individual became the person of today. They refer to age-related themes of psychosocial development and are associated with a person's life satisfaction if they are also considered as emotionally more positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nusser
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Zimprich
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tabea Wolf
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Burnell R, Umanath S, Garry M. Collective memories serve similar functions to autobiographical memories. Memory 2022; 31:316-327. [PMID: 36511783 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2154804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
People from the same country often hold shared, culturally-shaped memories about important events from that country's history, known as collective memories. Although empirical research has started to shed light on the properties of these memories, none has systematically examined the functions these memories. To what extent do collective memories serve functions? We hypothesised that collective memories serve functions for a collective similar to those that autobiographical memories serve for individuals-directive, identity, and social functions. We conducted two experiments using adapted versions of the Thinking About Life Experiences questionnaire (TALE) in which we asked people to rate the functions of their collective memories. Across both experiments, we found evidence that collective memories serve directive, identity, and social functions for the collective. These results suggest collective memories perform important roles in their collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Burnell
- Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Psychology, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sharda Umanath
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Maryanne Garry
- School of Psychology, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Lind M. Fulfilling or failing to fulfill narrative developmental themes: An indicator of living into the good life in late adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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5
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Mentalization-based principles within the organization: Elevated empowerment and lower depressive symptoms. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vicarious Family Stories of Turkish Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults: Are Family Stories Related to Well-Being? JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Narrating the other: Self-other agreement of affective qualities and manifest events among personal life stories and the vicarious life stories provided by informants. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Halilova JG, Addis DR, Rosenbaum RS. Getting better without memory. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:815-825. [PMID: 32734306 PMCID: PMC8216303 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Does the tendency to adjust appraisals of ourselves in the past and future in order to maintain a favourable view of ourselves in the present require episodic memory? A developmental amnesic person with impaired episodic memory (HC) was compared with two groups of age-matched controls on tasks assessing the Big Five personality traits and social competence in relation to the past, present and future. Consistent with previous research, controls believed that their personality had changed more in the past 5 years than it will change in the next 5 years (i.e. the end-of-history illusion), and rated their present and future selves as more socially competent than their past selves (i.e. social improvement illusion), although this was moderated by self-esteem. Despite her lifelong episodic memory impairment, HC also showed these biases of temporal self-appraisal. Together, these findings do not support the theory that the temporal extension of the self-concept requires the ability to recollect richly detailed memories of the self in the past and future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna Rose Addis
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences
University, 3560 Bathurst Street Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of
Toronto
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, York
University
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences
University, 3560 Bathurst Street Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
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Kirkegaard Thomsen D, Panattoni K, Allé MC, Bro Wellnitz K, Pillemer DB. Vicarious life stories: Examining relations to personal life stories and well-being. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Vicarious memories are memories that people have in reference to events that they have not directly experienced, rather heard second-hand. Little research has investigated vicarious memory; when it has, it has predominantly focused on vicarious trauma. The purpose of this study was to compare vicarious memories with personal memories. University students (N = 142) completed an in-person interview in which they recalled four memories: a highly positive personal memory, a highly negative personal memory, a highly positive vicarious memory and a highly negative vicarious memory. Personal and vicarious memory reports were compared and contrasted in terms of memory qualities, memory functions and event centrality. The results indicate that vicarious and personal memory reports share many phenomenological and functional properties. Although to a lesser degree than personal memories, vicarious memories do influence decision-making and problem-solving. Current models of episodic memory only include events that individuals have directly experienced. The current study adds to a growing body of literature which suggests that current models of episodic memory are too restrictive and should expand to include vicarious memory reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pond
- Psychology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Carole Peterson
- Psychology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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Thomsen DK, Vedel A. Relationships among Personal Life Stories, Vicarious Life Stories about Mothers and Fathers, and Well-being. IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2019.1635476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Vedel
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lind M, Vanwoerden S, Penner F, Sharp C. Narrative Coherence in Adolescence: Relations With Attachment, Mentalization, and Psychopathology. J Pers Assess 2019; 102:380-389. [PMID: 30990340 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2019.1574805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Narrative coherence refers to the overall completeness of the narrative that helps the individual to draw meaning from past events. Research has predominantly focused on developmental trajectories of narrative coherence among typically developing individuals and less research sheds light on narrative coherence in adolescents facing serious psychological difficulties. This study is the first to apply Baerger and McAdams's well-validated coding scheme of narrative coherence to adolescents and to rate narrative coherence based on the content derived from the Child Attachment Interview in the context of attachment security, mentalization, and internalizing and externalizing pathology in 70 inpatient adolescents. Findings emphasized that the coding scheme is applicable for adolescents and attachment narratives. Narrative coherence was negatively correlated with age and no gender differences were found. Higher attachment security and better mentalization both contributed to more coherent narratives. More coherent narratives predicted less externalizing problems, but when controlling for mentalization and attachment security, mentalization was the strongest predictor. The relation between narrative coherence and other social-cognitive constructs is discussed, as well as how poor narrative coherence should be taken into account with respect to psychopathology in adolescence. Finally, the value of this coding scheme to evaluating narrative coherence in adolescence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majse Lind
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University
| | | | | | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston
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Lind M, Thomsen DK, Bøye R, Heinskou T, Simonsen S, Jørgensen CR. Personal and parents' life stories in patients with borderline personality disorder. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:231-242. [PMID: 30809831 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) display disturbances in understanding self and others. We examined whether these disturbances extended to how patients described their personal and parents' life stories and to measures of identity, alexithymia, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Thirty BPD patients and 30 matched control participants described personal and parents' life stories and completed measures of identity disturbance, alexithymia, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Compared to the controls, patients with BPD described their personal and their parents' life stories more negatively and with fewer themes of agency and communion fulfillment. Patients and controls showed equally complex reasoning about their personal life stories, but patients displayed less complexity and more self-other confusion, when reasoning about their parents' stories. Patients also differed from controls on identity disturbance, alexithymia, and empathy. The results suggest that patients' storied understanding of themselves and others are disturbed and should be taken into account to better understand BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majse Lind
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Bøye
- Unit for personality disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
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Panattoni K, Thomsen DK. My partner's stories: relationships between personal and vicarious life stories within romantic couples. Memory 2018; 26:1416-1429. [PMID: 29894280 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1485947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examined relationships and differences between personal and vicarious life stories, i.e., the life stories one knows of others. Personal and vicarious life stories of both members of 51 young couples (102 participants), based on McAdams' Life Story Interview (2008), were collected. We found significant positive relationships between participants' personal and vicarious life stories on agency and communion themes and redemption sequences. We also found significant positive relationships between participants' vicarious life stories about their partners and those partners' personal life stories on agency and communion, but not redemption. Furthermore, these relationships were not explained by similarity between couples' two personal life stories, as no associations were found between couples' personal stories on agency, communion and redemption. These results suggest that the way we construct the vicarious life stories of close others may reflect how we construct our personal life stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Panattoni
- a Center for Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE), Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen
- a Center for Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE), Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science , Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
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